Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “TULAREMIA”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Tularemia outbreak investigation in Kosovo: case control and environmental studies.

A large outbreak of tularemia occurred in Kosovo in the early postwar period, 1999-2000. Epidemiologic and environmental investigations were conducted to identify sources of infection, modes of transmission, and household risk factors. Case and control status was verified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Western blot, and microagglutination assay. A total of 327 serologically confirmed cases of tularemia pharyngitis and cervical lymphadenitis were identified in 21 of 29 Kosovo municipalities. Matched analysis of 46 case households and 76 control households suggested that infection was transmitted through contaminated food or water and that the source of infection was rodents. Environmental circumstances in war-torn Kosovo led to epizootic rodent tularemia and its spread to resettled rural populations living under circumstances of substandard housing, hygiene, and sanitation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Pathogenesis of tularemia in immune and nonimmune rats.

Pathogenesis of tularemia in nonimmune rats given (intraperitoneal inoculation) virulent strain (SCHU S4) or vaccinal strain (LVS) of Francisella tularensis and in immune rats given SCHU S4 is described. Both LVS and SCHU S4 caused pyogranulomas in liver and spleen of nonimmune rats. Nonimmune rats given 10(4) SCHU S4 organisms did not survive beyond 72 hours, but immune rats given challenge inoculum of 10(8) SCHU S4 organisms developed lesions and survived. Larger doses of LVS resulted in earlier onset of characteristic hepatitis and splenitis in nonimmune rats. Periportal lymphocytic infiltrates were present in the liver 48 hours after SCHU S4 challenge inoculation of immune rats and 96 hours after inoculation of LVS in nonimmune rats and were associated with intense macrophage aggregation. These changes indicate that the pathogenesis of tularemia is a result of the interdependency of the dose and virulence of the causative agent with the immune status of the host and that cellular immunity has a significant role in the response of the rat to tularemia.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Determination of natural foci of tularemia in the Tuva ASSR].

Eleven strains of tularemia causative agents were isolated in 1974 in bacteriological study of ixodes ticks Dermacentor nuttalli (13088 in all) by biotests on albino mice. Tularemia was confirmed retrospectively in two humans who contracted the disease from ondatra cadavers. Skin allergic test with tularin was used to examine 1733 residents of seven populated localities; a positive result was obtained in 2 persons. Finally, in examination of 240 sera of cattle agglutination reaction proved to be positive in 6 cases in titres of from 1:20 to 1:80. Thus, natural nidality of tularemia in Tuva was established for the first time.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Outbreak of tularemia in the Republic of Dagestan].

In Daghestan in the focus of the flood-plain swamp type 64 persons fell ill with tularemia in 1999. During the epizootological survey 8 Francisella tularensis strains were isolated from vectors and carriers and in 7 samples taken from open water reservoirs, as well as in 1 sample obtained from Ixodes ticks, tularemia antigen was detected. Humans were infected mainly by the transmissive route, as found in 71.8% of patients. 28% of patients were infected through contacts. The disease took mainly a mild course, registered in 95.6% of patients. The disease affected those persons who had not been immunized against tularemia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Tularemia.

Tularemia is a complex clinical disorder caused by the ubiquitous intracellular parasite Francisella tularensis, which has many mammalian and insect hosts. The peak observed incidence of tularemia occurred in 1939, and most present-day clinicians have never seen a case of this disease. Tularemia manifests several different clinical syndromes, depending on the portal of entry. F. tularensis has been used in biological warfare experimentation and it has been weaponized and stockpiled in the past by the United States and other countries. It is classified as a category A critical biological agent by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. This article reviews the history, clinical features, diagnostic evaluation, and treatment of this organism with an emphasis placed on its potential role as an agent of biological warfare.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Clinical and epidemiological characteristic of tularemia in Kazakhstan.

From 1950 to 1977, 5049 human tularemia cases were registered that had been associated with a large number of non-immunized people coming to Kazakh tularemia endemic areas from different places of Soviet Union to harvest the grain. Since 1978, the number of tularemia patients has considerably decreased and during 1992-2001 thirty-one human cases were reported. Epidemiological analysis showed that infection was transmitted by a variety of routes, including bites of infected arthropod, ingestion of infected food and water, transfer to mouth by contaminated hands and direct contact from skinning musk-rats and hares. The disease presented mainly as glandular-bubonic (62.5%), bubonic (25.0%) or pulmonary (12.5%) forms.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Tularemia in Norway. A clinical and epidemiological review].

Altogether 105 cases of tularemia were reported to the nationwide notification system for infectious diseases (MSIS) in Norway during the period 1975-90. The zoonosis appears every year in Northern Norway. The first epidemic outbreak was reported from Central Norway in 1984-85. During the nineteen eighties the disease has reappeared in Southern Norway. We review the clinical features and epidemiological patterns of tularemia in Norway. Preliminary investigations indicate that the future drug of choice for treatment of tularemia is one of the gyrase-inhibitors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Tularemia associated with a hamster bite--Colorado, 2004.

In April 2004, the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment (CDPHE) was notified about a boy aged 3 years with diagnosed tularemia associated with a hamster bite. Tularemia has not been associated previously with pet hamsters. CDPHE conducted an investigation to determine whether other owners of hamsters were at risk. Clinicians and public health officials should be aware that pet hamsters are a potential source of tularemia.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

[Case report: a case of tularemia with delayed diagnosis].

Tularemia is a zoonotic disease caused by Francisella tularensis. In this report, a tularemia case who was living in a non-endemic area, has been presented. A 24 years old female patient with multiple cervical lymphadenitis has been admitted to the outpatient clinic of Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Turkey. Her complaints started two months ago as signs and symptoms of an upper respiratory tract infection. As she had received non-specific treatment (amoxycillin clavulanate; 2x 1g/day) ineffective against F. tularensis, lymph nodes were suppurated. The diagnosis was made serologically, microagglutination test was positive at a titer of 1/160. The antimicrobial therapy (streptomycin; 1x1 gr im, doxycycline; 2x100 mg/day) was prolonged to four weeks, according to the clinical response of suppurated lymph nodes. It can be concluded that, early diagnosis and treatment of tularemia are important to prevent abscess formation, and patients with delayed diagnosis may benefit from prolonged therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[An experimental study of mixed tularemia and Omsk hemorrhagic fever infection in muskrats].

Musk-rats were infected simultaneously and at three-day interval with tularemia and Omsk hemorrhagic fever (OHF); the course of this mixed infection under the mentioned conditions were studied. Virological, microbiological and morphological data indicated that infection of musk-rats with OHF and tularemia caused development of mixed infection in them. A more severe course of mixed infection was associated with enhanced vascular affections caused by the action of the OHF virus. An inhibition of tularemia caused by the OHF development was noted in the course of mixed infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[Isolation of the causative agent of tularemia from Siberian lemmings in Eastern Taymyr].

The authors present the results of bacteriological and serological study for tularemia of 498 lemmings caught in Taimyr. Positive results were revealed in 4 out of 98 sera examined in the indirect hemagglutination test. In carrying out 67 biological tests on albino mice there were isolated for the first time in the Soviet Union 6 cultures of the causative agent of tularemia from the spleen of lemmings. By morphological, cultural and virulent properties the cultures obtained failed to differ from those isolated in other regions of the Soviet Union, and, consequently, we referred to the holoarctic race. Thus, it was established by the authors (both serologically and bacteriologically) that there existed tundra foci of tularemia.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Haemaphysalis concinna ticks and tularemia natural foci in the Pavlodar region (north east of Kazakhstan)].

Haemophysalis concinna Koch. ticks, found in the Pavlodar region adjacent to the Altay and situated in the North-East of Kazakhstan, play an important role in tularemia infection circulation. 58.5% of 212 strains of the tularemia infection agent, isolated from three pastural ticks species for the last 10 years, belong to the abovementioned species. All H. concinna habitats were enzootic with regard to tularemia.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Ulceroglandular tularemia: a typical case of relapse.

Tularemia is an infectious disease that continues to occur sporadically and in epidemics in the United States. It is characterized as an acute febrile illness with constitutional symptoms associated with skin, glandular, respiratory, or gastrointestinal involvement. Tularemia usually can be treated effectively with streptomycin. Relapse most often occurs when patients are treated with bacteriostatic agents such as chloramphenicol or tetracycline. We present a case of ulceroglandular tularemia distinguished by its relapse after initial streptomycin/doxycycline therapy and subsequent slow response to additional streptomycin.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Change in phagocytic activity toward the agent of tularemia in highly sensitive animals with mixed infections].

An increase of the ingestive and digestive capacity of neutrophils to the homologous causative agent and tularemia microbe was revealed by the opsonophagocytic test in Microtus arvalis, albino mice and guinea pigs infected with sublethal Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and Salmonella typhimurium doses. In subsequent tularemia infection some of the animals displayed a reduction of the septicemia intensity, prolongation of the disease and elevation of the susceptibility threshold. Period of manifestation of the inhibitory action on tularemia coincided with that of the increase in phagocytic activity

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[A case of erythema nodosum in tularemia].

Since 1980 some epidemics of tularemia occurred, involving large areas of Tuscany (Italy). Among the different clinical features described in the classic form of tularemia, erythema nodosum never has been reported. One case of erythema nodosum, the first reported in course of tularemia, is described. The correct diagnosis is based on careful question about exposure to mammals and ticks. The importance of early treatment is stressed.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Effort to eradicate a focus of tularemia and leptospirosis].

An endemic area of tularemia and field fever was submitted to a complex surveillance over a period of more than 10 years. In 1977 an epizootic outbreak of tularemia appeared in all four localities studied. The infection rate in small mammals exceeded 10%. F. tularensis was isolated also from different species of ectoparasites. During 1978 the epizootic stopped in 3 foci, but continued to spread in one. Rodenticides (zinc phosphide) were therefore applied in this focus twice annually for 2 1/2 years. Since 1978, tularemia infections disappeared in small mammals as well as in man. The application of rodenticides did not influence the circulation of Leptospira grippotyphosa in small mammals. Their infection rate ranged between 3 and 6%. The reason for this striking difference is seen in the different pathogenesis and transmission of both infections.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Factors associated with a poor outcome in tularemia.

To identify the factors associated with a poor outcome, we reviewed the records of 28 patients with tularemia diagnosed between 1974 and 1984. Most of the patients were men between the ages of 35 and 45 years, who presented with ulceroglandular tularemia. Twelve patients had the anticipated rapid response to therapy, with resolution of their presenting symptoms within one week (group A). Surprisingly, the majority (16 [58%] of 28) had a more prolonged or fatal illness (group B). Group B patients more often had a serious underlying medical disorder, and waited longer before seeking medical attention. Only patients in group B presented with electrolyte or renal function abnormalities (31%), pneumonia and pleural effusions (25%), elevated serum creatine phosphokinase levels (25%), and Francisella tularensis bacteremia (12.5%). Sterile pyuria, however, was an unexpectedly frequent finding in both groups. Group B patients more often experienced a prolonged delay from the time of physician contact to therapy, and were not treated with an aminoglycoside; relapse (12.5%) and death (6.2%) occurred only in group B. Thus, earlier and more appropriate intervention by the physician may have prevented some of the increased morbidity in our patients. These findings suggest that rapid presumptive aminoglycoside therapy (gentamicin sulfate or streptomycin sulfate) should be considered soon after tularemia is suspected, especially for patients with serious underlying medical disorders.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An endemic case of tularemia in the mountain hare (Lepus timidus) on the island of Stora Karlsö.

In September 1983, an epizootic of unknown cause broke out among the mountain hares on the island of Stora Karlsö, which is located outside the coast of Gotland. One hare was sent in the National Veterinary Institute for post-mortem examination. The hare showed lesions in liver, spleen, and bone-marrow typical for tularemia. The specimens were positive for Francisella tularensis with fluorescent-antibody test. Tularemia has not been observed earlier in this part of Sweden. It is supposed that the disease might have been spread to Stora Karlsö with migrating birds from Finland, where there was an epizootic of tularemia during the summer 1983.

Animals↗