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At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Benign thyroid adenomas among persons X-irradiated in infancy for enlarged thymus glands.

Thyroid adenoma incidence in a cohort of 2657 infants given X-ray treatment for a supposedly enlarged thymus gland, along with 4833 unirradiated siblings, has been ascertained for an average of 37 years since irradiation. Estimated thyroid doses ranged from 0.03 to > 8 Gy, with 62% receiving < 0.5 Gy. After excluding 4 adenoma cases with concurrent or previous thyroid cancer, there were 86 cases with pathologically diagnosed thyroid adenomas in the irradiated group and 11 in the sibling controls. The estimated excess relative risk (ERR) was 6.3 per gray (90% CI = 3.7, 11.2). Once the dose group with > or = 6 Gy, which was producing downward curvature in the dose-response function, was removed, the curve was compatible with linearity and the ERR was 7.8 per gray. Thyroid adenoma rates were elevated even at low doses: the lowest dose group (< 0.25 Gy) showed a significant elevation in risk. The relative risk appeared to be constant over time and was comparable for both sexes. Excess adenoma risk was observed in the irradiated group to the maximum follow-up interval of about 50 years. A number of potential risk factors for thyroid adenoma were examined both as risk factors in their own right and as modifiers of the radiogenic risk. Parity and use of hormones in relation to menopause were significantly associated with thyroid adenoma risk in women, while education, Jewish origin, history of hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism, and family history of cancer were also adenoma risk factors in both sexes. An examination of interactions between possible risk factors and radiation suggested that women with a history of oral contraceptive use or hysterectomy and persons with a family history of cancer may have greater risk (per unit dose) of radiogenic thyroid adenomas than their counterparts.

Adenoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Morphologic diagnosis of various forms of thymus gland diseases in children using morphometry].

Quantitative criteria of obscure thymic pathology (OTP) are obtained by morphometric study of the thymus of 102 infants with severe infectious-inflammatory processes (IIP). OTP is characterised by depression of epithelial hyperplasia in accidental involution found in 28.4% IIP and is followed by the disturbances mainly in the cell immunity system. This type of thymus pathology is associated in 69% of cases with congenital anomaly of the viscera and skeleton this allowing to regard it as a form of thymus fetal dysplasia.

Epithelium↗
PubMed2005

Papillary carcinoma of the thymus gland.

In 1999, the World Health Organization introduced a new classification of a rare thymic cancer called papillary adenocarcinoma of the thymus gland. In this study we report on a case of papillary thymic carcinoma in a 29-year-old woman. Histologically, the tumor consisted of a papillary component admixed with a solid component, a component that is commonly found in type A thymoma.

Adenocarcinoma, Papillary↗
PubMed1993

Thyroid cancer among persons given X-ray treatment in infancy for an enlarged thymus gland.

A cohort of 2,657 infants in Rochester, New York, who were given x-ray treatment for a purported enlarged thymus gland, along with 4,833 siblings, have been followed by mail surveys through about 1986, which represents an average of 37 years of follow-up, to determine their incidence of thyroid cancer. Estimated thyroid doses ranged from 0.03 to > 10 Gy, with 62% receiving > 0.5 Gy. There were 37 pathologically diagnosed thyroid cancers in the irradiated group and five in the sibling controls. The dose-response relation was essentially linear, with no evidence of an additional dose-squared component. The estimated relative risk at 1 Gy was 10 (90% confidence interval 5-23). Thyroid cancer rates were elevated even at low doses; i.e., a dose-response analysis over the range of 0-0.3 Gy showed a significant positive slope. The risk ratio was declining over time but was still highly elevated to at least 45 years after irradiation. An examination of potential risk factors showed that older age at first childbirth was significantly associated with thyroid cancer risk. An evaluation of interactions between possible risk factors and radiation suggested that Jewish subjects and women with older ages at menarche or at first childbirth were at greater risk for radiogenic thyroid cancer.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Dynamics of changes in the rat thymus gland as affected by intratracheal administration of 238Pu].

A study was made of the effect of intratracheal administration of 238Pu nitrate on rat thymus. Incorporation of an acutely effective dose of the radionuclide (740 kBq X kg-1) induced damages to all thymus structures. The optimal blastomogenic 238Pu amount (92.5 kBq X kg-1) administered during the chronic period of the disease caused complex changes of atrophic, hyper- and neoplastic nature the lymphoid component of the thymus being primarily damaged.

Animals↗