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At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Sustainable development of urban transport systems and human exposure to air pollution.

DAPPLE (Dispersion of Air Pollution and Penetration into the Local Environment, http://www.dapple.org.uk) is a major research project that will provide the understanding necessary to assess the sustainability of urban road transport in terms of exposure to traffic-related air pollution as an alternative to current indicators based on emissions, roadside, or far-from-road air pollution levels. The methodology is described, which combines on-street and laboratory measurement with modelling of the movement of air, vehicles, and vehicle exhaust emissions. The relationship between this kind of assessment and more realistic indicators of sustainability is discussed. The value of large-scale interdisciplinary research in this area is thus demonstrated.

Air Movements↗
PubMed2001

Biosolids management--sustainable development status and future direction.

The role of biosolids management continues to gain priority in terms of holistic waste management/reuse. Recommended options should lead to simple and safe management alternatives that stress reclamation of resources. This paper addresses current sustainability strategies, priorities and future direction of waste management as it relates to residuals and in particular to sludges/biosolids. Sludge management and resource recovery approaches must be diversified and flexible. They should be based on actual needs of the affected society and community. It is also important that the chosen strategy be appropriate to the conditions of the site under consideration. Processes which promote sustainability will become viable options for resource management if conversion into a "value-added product" can be realized.

Conservation of Natural Resources↗
PubMed2001

Chemical contamination of the East River (Dongjiang) and its implication on sustainable development in the Pearl River Delta.

A recent survey reveals that water quality and river sediments of Dongjiang (the East River) have been mildly contaminated by heavy metals and organic chemicals, such as copper, lead, PCBs, PAHs and HCHs. According to photogrammertic surveys, the sources of contamination are closely related to human activities, such as domestic and industrial discharges, agricultural chemical applications and soil erosion due to deforestation. The level of water and sediment contamination is most serious at the mid-river section near the urban of Weizhou. Due to natural dilution and diffusion, the levels of contamination are slightly decreased at the medium low section of the River near Qiaotou and Matan. Nevertheless, the levels of contamination increase again in the lower river section near Shenzhen, which is a highly developed economic zone. Since Dongjiang is the major source of potable water supply for Hong Kong (nearly 80% of potable water of Hong Kong is abstracted from Dongjiang) and the other parts of the Pearl River Delta (PRD), such organic and inorganic pollution merit concern. Ironically, most of the industrial and commercial activities in the watershed of Dongjiang are business investments of Hong Kong citizens. Cross-border environmental efforts should be enhanced with collaboration of different jurisdictions to achieve targets of regional sustainability.

Agriculture↗
PubMed2001

Towards sustainable development: catalysts for change in industrial water management.

"Business as usual is not an option." Water management practices are changing too slowly and the global "fresh water gap" continues to grow. Actions as must be taken by government and civic leaders. Industry also has a responsibility to act, but its inability to adequately meet the challenge to date points to the need for additional stimuli. The current water crisis can be mitigated by changes in behaviour and perceptions. This presentation will argue that specific catalysts are required to encourage and support a dramatic shift of behaviours and perceptions by industry leaders. The catalysts include: establish clear and objective rules; introduce water pricing; recognize "life cycle" costs; prioritize needs; reward small-scale solutions; nurture innovations; spread global best practices. With the help of the catalysts described herein, industry can take its place as a leader in effective water management in the 21st Century. In partnership with governments, international organizations and civic organizations, industry leaders can help meet the challenge of the water crisis while creating sustainable economic growth.

Conservation of Natural Resources↗
PubMed1993

Anaesthesia services and the education of anaesthetists in Nepal: a model for sustainable development?

In 1985 the University of Calgary in Canada and Tribhuvan University in Kathmandu, Nepal Jointly established the Diploma in Anaesthesiology (DA) programme in Nepal. To evaluate the impact of the DA Programme and provide a data base for long-term planning we conducted a national survey in 1992. We sought to describe anaesthesia manpower and workloads, and to make an inventory of facilities, equipment, and supplies in different sized hospitals. Twenty-seven hospitals providing surgical services were included, nine inside and 18 outside the Kathmandu valley. Seventeen of the 21 respondent hospitals had at least one specialist anaesthetist. The results identify both strengths and weaknesses in Nepal's anaesthesia services and provide important guidelines for planning. When the DA course was launched there were only seven specialist anaesthetists in Nepal. The shortage of anaesthetists was an important factor limiting surgical services, and after DA graduates were posted to zonal (50 bed) and regional (150-200 bed) hospitals the surgical case loads doubled. There are now about 40 specialist anaesthetists in the country, of which half are DA graduates, but many hospitals have only one anaesthetist. That isolation, plus lack of continuing education (CME), are important factors threatening quality of care. Recognizing the singular role of the DA programme in alleviating Nepal's shortage of anaesthetists, we conclude that it should be renewed and strengthened to meet the needs of the next decade. Techniques commonly used at the zonal level: regional, draw-over, and total IV anaesthesia, should be stressed. At the same time fresh initiatives are required in CME and higher education for the renewal of teaching staff.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1996

Gene co-ops and the biotrade: translating genetic resource rights into sustainable development.

The 1992 Convention on Biological Diversity marks a basic change in the international status of genetic resources. Prior to the Convention, these resources were considered to be the "heritage of mankind.' Although the intent of this open access regime was to ensure the widespread availability of genetic resources for agriculture and industry, commercial use of the resources provided no additional economic incentive for conservation by source countries. The Biodiversity Convention corrects this policy failure by establishing that states have sovereign rights over their genetic resources, thereby enabling market incentives to complement various multilateral mechanisms that might directly fund biodiversity conservation. A number of obstacles face countries that are translating this broad right to regulate access into specific policies, laws, and regulations designed to meet conservation and development objectives. A review of these obstacles and of trends in technological development suggest that nations and developing country institutions should take a set of actions to develop access legislation and Material Transfer Agreements, establish biodiversity "cooperatives' and intermediary institutions to facilitate information exchange, develop minimum standards for access legislation, and require that prior informed consent of local communities be obtained by all biodiversity collectors.

Animal Population Groups↗
PubMed2003

Developing sustainable water management scenarios by using thorough hydrologic analysis and environmental criteria.

Wetlands constitute a significant source of life since they incorporate unique habitats with endemic and migrant species. They also contribute to the preservation of high global biodiversity and they are under protection according to EU legislation. Nevertheless, during the last century, significant degradation has been observed in wetlands, mainly due to intensification of agriculture and poor water management practices. Calcareous fens habitat with the endangered species Cladium mariscus and Carex spp. is an ecologically significant wetland that undergoes great ecological stresses globally, due to the irrational use of water resources. In Trichonis lake, Western Greece, this habitat has been under deterioration during the last 50 years due to the lack of a sustainable water management plan that has caused destabilization of the hydrologic balance and high water level fluctuations. This human induced hydrologic regime has led to seasonal shifting between drought and flooding which constitute unfavorable conditions for this fen habitat and as a result significant elimination of this ecosystem extent has occurred. This study has adopted technologically advanced scientific methods such as GIS applications and remote sensing techniques to quantify the existing water resources and formulate a sustainable management scheme by considering both anthropogenic water uses and environmental protection.

Conservation of Natural Resources↗