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At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Fetal subcutaneous tissue thickness (SCTT) in healthy and gestational diabetic pregnancies.

OBJECTIVE: To determine reference values of fetal subcutaneous tissue thickness (SCTT) throughout gestation in a healthy population and to compare them with those from a population of pregnant women with gestational diabetes under standard therapy. METHODS: Three hundred and three women recruited from a high-risk pregnancy clinic were classified as being healthy (n = 218) or as having gestational diabetes (n = 85) on the basis of a negative or positive oral glucose tolerance test, respectively. They were enrolled into the cross-sectional study at 20 weeks' gestation. Ultrasound examinations were performed approximately every 3 weeks until delivery at term. The mid-arm fat mass and lean mass (MAFM, MALM), the mid-thigh fat mass and lean mass (MTFM, MTLM), the abdominal fat mass (AFM) and the subscapular fat mass (SSFM) were evaluated. Time-specific reference ranges were constructed from the 218 healthy women and a conventional Student's t-test was performed to compare SCTT values between the two study groups throughout gestation. RESULTS: Normal ranges, including 5th, 50th and 95th centiles of the distribution, were generated for each SCTT parameter obtained in each of the two groups of women. Significant differences were found between the two study groups at 37-40 weeks' gestation for MTFM, at 20-22 and 26-28 weeks for MTLM, at 31-34 and 35-37 weeks for MAFM, at 26-28 and 38-40 weeks for SSFM, and at 39-40 weeks for AFM, the mean residual values always being greater in gestational diabetic women than they were in the group of healthy pregnant women. CONCLUSIONS: We provide gestational age-specific reference values for fetal SCTT. Fetal fat mass values, particularly in late gestation, are greater in women with gestational diabetes compared with healthy women. The reference values may have a role in assessing the influence of maternal metabolic control on fetal state.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Subcutaneous tissue oxygen tension falls during hemodialysis.

The effect of hemodialysis on subcutaneous tissue oxygen tension was studied in nine patients. During hemodialysis, blood pressure decreased, pulse increased, and all patients lost weight. Arterial blood oxygen tension fell insignificantly, from 79 to 73 mm Hg. Subcutaneous oxygen tension decreased from 52 to 28 mm Hg (p less than 0.001). Because adequate tissue oxygenation is necessary for wound healing and resistance to infection, we postulate that hemodialysis may contribute to the wound morbidity frequently seen in dialyzed patients.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Injuries to the skin and subcutaneous tissues of the chest wall and abdomen resulting from seat belt trauma in road accident victims].

A modification of the autopsy has been discussed. The modification concerns the dissection of the chest and abdomen integuments prior to opening the peritoneal cavity. This makes it easier to determine where and how the injuries to subcutaneous tissues and muscles resulting from the action of seat belts occurring in road accident victims are located. The mechanism whereby the injuries occur, factors which affect their extensiveness and location (what happened during an accident, the type of seat belts, victim's clothing, thickness of subcutaneous tissue) has been presented. Based on three-year experience the advantages and limitations of the suggested dissection as well as its usefulness in the practice of determining: if an accident victim was buckled up when the accident occurred and which car seat he/she occupied, have been discussed. In a case presented, thanks to the use of the proposed modification, the data obtained from an inquiry held by the Public Prosecutor's Office were quickly verified, as well as further examinations to explain the accident circumstances provoked and a person who was actually driving a car when the accident happened established.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMedDate not supplied

EEMCO guidance to the in vivo assessment of tensile functional properties of the skin. Part 1: relevance to the structures and ageing of the skin and subcutaneous tissues.

From an engineering point of view, the skin and subcutaneous tissue represent an integrated load-transmitting structure. It is subjected to intrinsic and environmental influences. An attempt to use a four-layered model is offered to explain how the integument withstands and transmits loads through deforming appropriately. The stratum corneum, the association between the living epidermis and papillary dermis, the reticular dermis and the hypodermis have each their own intimate structures whose tensile functions are ideally balanced to respond adequately to the casual mechanical demands. A series of physiological variables, ageing and skin diseases alter the tensile functions of the organ. In the overall analysis, truly comprehensive multidisciplinary approaches in this field have brought advances in the understanding of functional skin biology. The assessment of tensile functions of skin also provides incentives for progress in skin care.

Aging↗
PubMed2000

Anatomic study of the venous drainage architecture of the forearm skin and subcutaneous tissue.

The venous anatomy of the forearm skin was examined radiographically in 15 fresh cadavers that had been injected systemically with a lead oxide-gelatin mixture. In 10 specimens, the forearm skin was divided into the skin and superficial adipofascial layer and the deep adipofascial layer. Five specimens were radiographed stereoscopically. Despite the thinness of the skin and subcutaneous tissue of the forearm, the cutaneous vein was seen three-dimensionally. Judging from the architecture and direction of the venous valves, most of the venous blood that had perfused the dermis was believed to: (1) pool in a venous network located in the superficial zone of the skin and subcutaneous tissue, (2) flow chiefly in the accessory cephalic and median antebrachial veins, and (3) enter the cephalic and basilic veins near the antecubital fossa. Venae comitantes of the septocutaneous and musculocutaneous perforators of the radial or ulnar arteries were thought to be only bypasses to the deep vein.

Fascia↗
PubMed1976

Local reflex in microcirculation in human subcutaneous tissue.

The effect of changes in transmural pressure in the vessles of the extremities on blood flow in subcutaneous adipose tissue were investigated in three healthy subjects. Changes in transmural pressure were obtained either by postural changes of a limb, by locally induced subatmospheric pressure, or be venous stasis. Blood flow in subcutaneous tissue was measured 10 cm distal to the fibular head and at the lateral malleolus in the leg, or in the distal part of the forearm by the local 133Xenon washout technique. When transmural pressure increased 25 mmHg or more, blood flow decreased about 50 per cent due to an increase in vascular resconstrictor response to increase in transmural pressure could be blocked by infiltrating the area under study with phentolamine or lidocaine or by induced counterpressure. In these cases blood flow remained constant. The findings indicate that the vasoconstrictor response to increase in transmural pressure of 25 mmHg or more is due to a local nervous mechanism involving adrenergic nerves. The receptors are presumably stretch receptors placed in the small veins. The effector site is probably the arterioles. When the vasoconstrictor response is blocked, autoregulation of blood flow in subcutaneous tissue, i.e. maintenance of constant blood flow during changes in perfusion pressure head or during changes in transmural pressure, is revealed. The vasoconstrictor response to increase in transmural pressure will counteract an increase in transmural pressure in the exchange vessles and thereby act as an edema protecting factor.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed2004

Angiomyxolipoma (vascular myxolipoma) of subcutaneous tissue.

Three cases of angiomyxolipoma (vascular myxolipoma) have been published to date. We report an angiomyxolipoma located in the subcutaneous tissue of the scalp. Histologically, it consisted of an admixture of paucicellular myxoid areas and mature fat tissue, both containing numerous dilated blood vessels with hyalinized thin walls. The cells in the myxoid areas expressed CD34. This lesion requires differential diagnosis with other benign fat tissue tumors, especially myxoid spindle cell lipoma, superficial angiomyxoma, myxoid liposarcoma, and low-grade myxofibrosarcoma.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Minimally invasive surgery for axillary osmidrosis: combined operation with CO2 laser and subcutaneous tissue remover.

BACKGROUND: Axillary osmidrosis is a distressing problem characterized by unpleasant odor, profuse sweating, and occasionally staining of clothes that may handicap those affected both socially and psychologically. Various types of surgical procedures have been developed for the treatment of axillary hyperhidrosis and osmidrosis. OBJECTIVE: To introduce a new odor measurement method and minimally invasive surgery technique for axillary osmidrosis. METHODS: Eighty-eight patients with axillary osmidrosis were treated by combined operation using a carbon dioxide (CO2) laser and subcutaneous tissue remover. Measurement of axillary odor was done with the cotton-roll method. RESULTS: Eighty-seven of the 88 patients (98.8%) had good to fair results; only one patient (1.2%) had poor results. Complications such as ecchymosis and partial skin necrosis with delayed wound healing occurred in four patients (4.6%). CONCLUSION: A combined technique using a CO2 laser and subcutaneous tissue remover has the advantages of a high success rate, low complication rate, no admission treatment, less scarring, and rapid recovery. This combined approach should become the preferred technique for the treatment of axillary osmidrosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Effect of therapeutic ultrasound intensity on subcutaneous tissue temperature and ulnar nerve conduction velocity.

Twenty subjects completed 5 min. periods of sonation, at each of six US intensities, over the ulnar nerve in the proximal forearm. All posttreatment NCV's differed significantly from the respective pretreatment velocities. The immediate posttreatment NCV associated with placebo US was significantly (p less than 0.01) less than that observed immediately pretreatment (2.81 m/s), while the five clinical US intensities produced significantly increased immediate posttreatment velocities: 0.5 w/cm2 (2.23 m/s) at (p less than 0.05), and 1.0 w/cm2 (2.78 m/s), 1.5 w/cm2 (3.15 m/s), 2.0 w/cm2 (4.47 m/s) and 2.5 w/cm2 (2.97 m/s) at (p less than 0.01). The posttreatment velocities associated with the five clinical intensities were all significantly greater (p less than 0.01) than that associated with placebo US. Subcutaneous tissue temperatures were directly related to the intensity of US. Not until US intensity had reached 1.5 w/cm2 did the heating effect of US negate the cooling effect of the US transmission gel, to produce significantly increased subcutaneous tissue temperatures after 5 min. sonation. The decreased ulnar motor NCV's associated with placebo US are attributed to the cooling effect of the US transmission gel. The increased ulnar motor NCV's associated with the clinical intensities of US are attributed to the deep heating effect of US. The breakdown of this linear relationship at 2.5 w/cm2 intensity suggests that at this point heating on the nerve and/or the mechanical effects of US were of sufficient magnitude so as to limit the increase in conduction velocity. Sonation over an area of approximately 4.5 times the soundhead for 5 min., along the proximal forearm, at clinical intensities did not have a bipositive effect on motor NCV.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Hematolymphatic transport in skin, subcutaneous tissue and superficial lamina of the fascia of the lower leg in varicose veins].

The lymphatic bed of the skin and subcutaneous tissues of the lower leg from 20 operated patients was studied by light and electron microscopy and by phlebographic methods. Three stages of development of the disease were examined: without complicated form of varicose veins, complicated form, and postthrombophlebitic syndrome. Morphological features of the state of the lymphatic bed of the skin, subcutaneous connective tissue and fascia of the lower leg in the initial stage of disease show the fine structure changes of lymphatic vessels and capillary walls interpreted as a compensation phenomenon. It seems that the structure alterations of endotheliocytes of lymphatic capillaries and the connective tissue surrounding them found in this study in the complicated form of the disease and the postthrombophlebitic syndrome are the basis of the mechanism of transport-resorption insufficiency of the lymph vessels' terminal flow paths.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Histopathological evaluation of subcutaneous tissue reaction in mice to a calcium hydroxide paste developed for root canal fillings.

We aimed to evaluate the subcutaneous tissue reaction to a new calcium hydroxide paste for root canal fillings developed by Neo Dental Chemical Products Co., Tokyo, Japan. We injected calcium hydroxide paste and a water-based control subcutaneously into the dorsal area of 6-week-old anaesthetized male ddY mice. The tissue surrounding the injection sites was removed from mice in each group, 2 days, 1 week, 3 weeks and 12 weeks after the injection, and histopathologically examined. We found necrotic and degenerative changes, as well as foreign body reaction or proliferation of granulation tissue in specimens from both groups until 3 weeks after the injection. Some lymphocyte infiltration was observed in the 12-week specimens of the control group only. We conclude that calcium hydroxide paste is safe to use as a root canal filling material.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

The clearance of 125I-labelled fibrin from the subcutaneous tissue of limbs with lipodermatosclerosis.

The clearance of radioactive fibrin from the subcutaneous tissues has been measured in the rat and in the limbs of normal subjects, patients with varicose veins, and patients with lipodermatosclerosis. The animal experiments showed that the most effective way of producing a subcutaneous deposit of fibrin was by the simultaneous injection of labelled fibrinogen and thrombin. The clearance of these clots was delayed when fibrinolysis was depressed with epsilon-aminocaproic acid. Clearance of subcutaneous fibrin in man was significantly slower in the arms of patients with varicose veins and lipodermatosclerosis. Similarly clearance in the legs of patients with lipodermatosclerosis was significantly slower than that of the normal subjects and those with uncomplicated varicose veins. The clearance of fibrin from the legs of patients with lipodermatosclerosis was significantly slower than the clearance from their arms but there was no difference between arm and leg clearance in the normal subjects and those with uncomplicated varicose veins. The patients with lipodermatosclerosis had a significantly longer dilute blood clot lysis time. The inability to clear subcutaneous fibrin may be an aetological factor of lipodermatosclerosis.

Aminocaproates↗
PubMed2003

Fibrous encapsulation of single polymer microfibers depends on their vertical dimension in subcutaneous tissue.

The purpose of this research was to investigate possible explanations for why small-diameter microfiber implants do not experience encapsulation in subcutaneous tissue as do large-diameter fiber implants. Single polypropylene microfibers of approximately rectangular cross-section with rounded edges were twisted about their longitudinal axes and affixed at their ends to polycarbonate frames. The frames were implanted in rat subcutaneous dorsum for a 5-week period, then removed and processed for light microscopy analysis. Fibrous capsule presence/absence and thickness around the implants were assessed, and their relationships to geometric features of the fibers investigated. A logistic regression analysis between presence/absence of a fibrous capsule and geometric features of interest demonstrated strong predictive ability (92.4% correct predictions) for implant height and a well-defined threshold separating the presence and absence of a fibrous capsule at 5.9 microm (p < 0.001). Implant height was defined as the vertical distance between the most superficial and deepest level of the implant. This 5.9-microm threshold value of implant height is comparable to the 6.0-microm diameter threshold for capsule presence/absence in fibers of circular cross-section [Sanders et al. J Biomed Mater Res 2000; 52(1):231-237]. Fiber major axis length, minor axis length, aspect ratio, surface area per unit length, implant width, and implant angle did not show similar predictive ability or a well-defined threshold separating the presence and absence of a fibrous capsule. It is reasoned that for fibers greater than the threshold height of 5.9 microm, separation of collagen fibers in the extracellular matrix creates dead space regions adjacent to the fibers that attract inflammatory cells and stimulate fibrous capsule formation.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

A method of augmenting the cheek area through SMAS, subSMAS, and subcutaneous tissue recruitment during facelift surgery.

BACKGROUND: As the human face ages, there is a depletion of fat that occurs in the submalar region. Various techniques such as fat transfers, fillers, alloplastic implants, and composite rhytidectomies have been used to augment this area in the past. OBJECTIVE: To describe a technique that augments the submalar areas during facelift surgery without the use of fat transfer, fillers, alloplastic implants, or a risky composite technique. METHOD: An oval is scribed over the depressed submalar areas preoperatively. During facelift surgery, a fusiform area is scribed over the SMAS. This fusiform is scribed so that the medial end is directed at the center of the submalar depression, and the lateral end is toward the posterior earlobe. A defect is created within the lateral aspect of the fusiform, but not the medial portion. The fusiform is subsequently closed with a 2-0 Ethibond suture using three horizontal mattress sutures and two interrupted sutures. Upon closure of this defect, SMAS, subSMAS, and subcutaneous tissue overlying the SMAS are recruited into the submalar defect by the simple phenomenon of dog-ear formation. Additionally, there is a component of frank elevation of the tissues inferior to the medial aspect of the fusiform and submalar space. RESULTS: The aforementioned technique has been performed on 123 patients over 7 years and has resulted in consistently good improvement in the submalar space. The procedure is not difficult to learn, and good results can be achieved with initial cases. The learning curve was not found to be steep, with good results being achieved quickly. CONCLUSION: Depression of the submalar space plays a significant role in creating an aged face. In the past, various fillers and/or alloplastic implants have been used to augment this region. A low-risk method is described that mobilizes SMAS, subSMAS, and subcutaneous tissues into the submalar space through the phenomenon of dog-ear formation after fusiform closure.

Adipose Tissue↗