Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Skin Tests”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Evaluation of a rapid-format antibody test and the tuberculin skin test for diagnosis of tuberculosis in two contrasting endemic settings.

OBJECTIVE AND SETTING: We evaluated a rapid-format antibody card test and the tuberculin skin test for diagnosis of active tuberculosis (TB) in high (Cairo, Egypt) and low (St. Louis, USA) prevalence areas. DESIGN: Prospective study of hospitalized TB patients and controls with other chest diseases. RESULTS: Test performance varied significantly in the two study sites. The antibody test detected 87% of 71 smear-positive pulmonary TB cases (86% of smear-negative pulmonary cases and 48% of TB meningitis cases) in Egypt; specificity was 82%. The tuberculin test was highly sensitive in Egypt in subjects with pulmonary TB (100%) but not in those with meningitis (23%); specificity was 70%. The sensitivity and specificity of the antibody test in St. Louis were 29% and 79%, respectively; 50% of St. Louis TB cases and 15% of controls had positive tuberculin tests. CONCLUSIONS: This convenient antibody card test may have value for diagnosis of patients suspected of having TB in high prevalence areas like Egypt. However, the specificity of the test is too low for it to be useful as a screening test. Our results suggest that neither the antibody test nor the tuberculin test have much diagnostic utility in low prevalence settings like St. Louis.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Evaluation of the sensitization power of Montenegro skin test].

The Montenegro skin test, used to diagnose cutaneous leishmaniasis, is now being considered to detect immunogenicity after vaccination. In this study, we evaluated the ability of this test to induce immune response and IFN-g production in subjects not previously exposed to Leishmania. The Montenegro skin test was performed using antigens of L. amazonensis produced by our laboratory (group I) or by FIOCRU-RJ (group II). At day 30, 33% of the subjects from group I and 42% from group II were positive, compared to 67% from group I and 50% from group II at day 90. IFN-y was detected in 56 % of subjects from group I and 17% from group II at day 30 (169+/-309 and 11+/-36pg/ml) and in 67% from group I and 58% from group II by day 360 (69+/-107 and 18+/-20pg/ml). These data demonstrate that the Montenegro skin test induces not only a delayed hypersensitivity reaction, but also IFN-y production.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Allergy skin tests. An overview.

Skin tests remain the best diagnostic tool to supplement the history and physical examination in current allergy practice. They are a highly specific measure of IgE fixed to tissue. They are at least as sensitive as other available methods. Several antigens can be tested at one time. In experienced hands, they are safe and highly reproducible and they offer the advantage of immediate results. They are two to five times less expensive than the RAST test and much less cumbersome and expensive than provocation tests.

Allergens↗
PubMed1981

Skin testing to detect penicillin allergy.

Skin testing for penicillin allergy with penicillin G (Pen G), penicilloic acid (PA), and penicilloyl poly-L-lysine (PPL) was performed on 740 subjects, and the results were assessed from epidemiologic and immunologic perspectives. Approximately 95% of these patients had histories of apparent allergic reactions to beta-lactam antibiotics, and 63% were skin-test positive. The prevalence of positive skin tests was related to the time that had elapsed between clinical reactions and skin testing. Ninety-three percent were skin-test positive 7 to 12 mo after reactions, and 22% were positive 10 yr or more after reactions. Patients under 30 yr of age had a prevalence of positive skin tests 1.7-fold higher than older patients. Testing with PPL, PA, and Pen G detected 76.3%, 55.3%, and 57.1% of the positive patients, respectively. Omission of PPL, PA, or Pen G would have led to a failure to detect 25.6%, 7.2%, and 6.2% of the positive patients, respectively. Subjects with skin tests positive to penicillin often reacted to skin tests with other beta-lactam antibiotics; 73% (41 of 56) reacted to ampicillin and 51% (38 of 74) reacted to cephalothin. No serious allergic reactions were provoked by testing. None of the 83 skin test--negative patients treated with beta-lactam antibiotics immediately after testing experienced acute allergic reactions. Two patients developed mild urticaria beginning 3 and 5 days into therapy. One skin test--negative patient experienced urticaria 3 hr after receiving oral penicillin 6 mo after skin testing. This patient's skin-test status immediately before therapy was unknown. These results support the position that testing with PPL, PA, and Pen G is a rapid, safe, and effective method for identifying patients at risk, or not at risk, for allergic reactions to penicillin.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Immunofluorescence skin test for lupus erythematosus. A correlative study between frequency and patterns of skin test results, glomerular pathologic abnormalities, and immunologic findings.

We undertook a correlative study between the frequency and patterns of immunoglobulin deposits at the dermoepidermal junction of clinically normal skin and the morphologic features (histopathologic and immunopathologic) of the glomerular lesions and various immunologic measurements in 38 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Thirty-five (92.1%) showed a positive immunoglobulin band at the skin. A statistically significant (P less than .001) correlation was observed between the pattern of deposit and the duration of disease. The stippled pattern was found to be more common in those cases of less than one year's duration, while the thready pattern was more common in those cases lasting longer than one year. There seemed to be no significant relationship between either the frequency (P greater than .100) and pattern (P greater than 0.25) of the immunoglobulin band and the glomerular pathologic or other immunologic measurements.

Complement C3↗
PubMed1976

Diagnosis of allergy to stinging insects by skin testing with Hymenoptera venoms.

SKin testing was done on 30 patients with a history of anaphylactic reactions after a Hymenoptera sting and on 30 control subjects. The patients all had positive basophilhistamine release to one or more venoms on challenge with the specific venoms used for skin testing (honey bee, yellow jacket, white-faced hornet, yellow hornet, and Polistes). At 0.1 mug of venom/ml and at 1.0 mug of venom/ml, 75% and 100%, respectively, of the sensitive patients had a positive skin test. There was a significant (P less than 0.001) correlation between skin test and histamine release results. Of the 150 skin tests in control patients, only 1 was positive. Venom skin tests provide, for the first time, a simple, readily available technique to accurately diagnose allergy to stinging insects.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1993

[Evaluation of the relationship between immediate hypersensitivity and environmental factors by intracutaneous skin tests and specific IgE antibodies in allergic children. Part 2. The age distribution of immediate hypersensitivity by intracutaneous skin test and radioallergosorbent test].

To evaluate immediate hypersensitivity and environmental factors, 2,187 allergic children were given intradermal skin tests (ID test) and specific IgE antibodies (RAST) at Kudanzaka Hospital for 21 years (1967-1987). The incidence of positive ID test to house dust (HD) was 23% at 1 year, 50% at 2 years, 63% at 3 years and 84% at 8 years of age. The results of average positive test obtained at an earlier age in 1975 and 1985 than in 1965. Children born recently begin to have positive test scores earlier than those born between 1965 and 1969. This could be related to the recent increase in the number of HD mites. The incidence of positive ID test to Japanese cedar pollen (sugi) was 5% at 1 year, 10% at 4 years, 16% at 8 years and 30% at 15 years of age. The positive test scores were again obtained at an earlier age in 1975 and 1985 than in 1965, in the same way as for HD mites. Children born between 1965 and 1969 showed 30-60% positive rate after 13 years of age; this level was seen after 10 years of age in children born in 1975 and 1979, and after 6 years in those born between 1980-1984. This could be due to the recent increase in the amount of sugi pollen. Only Candida showed any significant rises in positive rate 27% at 1 year of age; slow increase was observed in the case of ragweed, molds, epidermals and others. No remarkable change was seen in ragweed and Alternaria at the years of examination and the years of birth.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Systemic anaphylaxis immediately following delayed hypersensitivity skin tests.

Delayed hypersensitivity skin tests are performed frequently for other than primary immunologic disorders. Systemic anaphylaxis occurred during delayed hypersensitivity skin testing on a healthy, non-atopic individual. This reaction appeared to be IgE mediated. Anaphylactic recovery sets must be readily available whenever such testing is performed.

Anaphylaxis↗
PubMed1999

A comparison of skin prick tests, intradermal skin tests, and RASTs in the diagnosis of cat allergy.

BACKGROUND: Skin testing and RASTs are the most commonly used methods for the diagnosis of allergy. Questions remain, however, as to the accuracy of these tests, particularly with regard to the role of intradermal skin tests (IDSTs) in the evaluation of respiratory allergy. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the predictive value of skin prick tests (SPTs), IDSTs, and RASTs in the diagnosis of cat allergy. METHODS: Patients were challenged with a well-characterized cat exposure model after evaluation by history, SPTs, IDSTs (if SPT results were negative), and RASTs. All patients were evaluated with respect to their upper respiratory responses, although only those patients with asthma were included in the analysis of lower airway responses. Challenge results were considered positive if the mean upper respiratory symptom score was 0.5 or more, the mean lower respiratory symptom score was 0.4 or more, or the maximum fall in FEV1 value was 15% or more. RESULTS: One hundred twenty patients were evaluated. SPT values were positive in 81 patients; of the remaining 39 patients, IDST values were positive in 26 patients. RASTs were performed in 89 patients; the values were positive in 45 of 51 patients with a positive SPT value and were negative in all patients with a negative SPT value. When any positive challenge outcome was considered, positive challenge results were seen in 38 of 41 patients with a positive SPT score, in 10 of 39 patients with a negative SPT score, in 6 of 26 patients with a positive IDST score, in 4 of 13 patients with a negative IDST score, in 27 of 27 patients with a positive RAST score, and in 12 of 44 patients with a negative RAST score. CONCLUSION: Although both SPT and RAST values exhibited excellent efficiency in the diagnosis of cat allergy, IDST scores added little to the diagnostic evaluation.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Tuberculin test conversion during repeated skin testing, associated with sensitivity to nontuberculous mycobacteria.

To determine whether repeating the tuberculin test after a brief interval might result in tuberculin conversion, we tested 213 healthy volunteers twice, 1 month apart, with 5 TU of tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD). Three nontuberculous mycobacterial antigens (PPD-G, PPD-Y, and PPD-B) were also applied with the first tuberculin test. By widely used criteria, 14 volunteers (6.6 per cent) converted their tuberculin tests from negative to positive on the second testing. Whereas 13 of 103 subjects (12.6 per cent) with nontuberculous antigen sensitivity converted their tuberculin test to positive, only one of 110 subjects (0.9 per cent) with no known prior mycobacterial sensitivity converted to positive (P less than 0.005; x2 = 10.05). When retested with 5 TU of tuberculin PPD 6.5 months after the second test, nine of 13 converters reverted to negative. We conclude that tuberculin conversion may occur when the skin test is repeated at 1 month, and that boosting of cross-reacting mycobacterial sensitivity might have caused a portion of the conversions in this population of young, healthy midwestern volunteers. Sensitivity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis might also be boosted by tuberculin testing. Because the prevalence of sensitization by tuberculous and nontuberculous mycobacteria can be expected to vary in different populations, the significance of tuberculin conversion will also vary with the population being tested.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Evaluation of immediate hypersensitivity and environmental factors by intracutaneous skin tests and specific IgE antibodies in allergic children. Part 1. The annual change of immediate hypersensitivity measured by intracutaneous skin tests and radioallergosorbent test].

To evaluate the relation between immediate hypersensitivity and environmental factors, a total of 2,187 allergic children were given the intracutaneous skin tests (IC test) and specific IgE antibodies (RAST) at Kudanzaka Hospital over a period of 21 years (1967-1987). The incidence of positive IC test to house dust (HD) and Japanese cedar pollen (sugi) increased, and that to molds increased transiently in the period 1965-1975. There was no sex difference in the incidence. Asthmatic children with allergic rhinitis scored higher both in IC test and RAST than those with asthma only. The more severely asthmatic children had a higher incidence of positive IC test to HD, molds, sugi, ragweed, cat dander, silk and buckwheat (sobagara). The recent rise of in the number of allergic diseases was partly proved by higher positive IC tests to HD and sugi. The number of positive test to HD mites also increased because twice as many non-wooden houses as wooden houses, have been built since 1969, and there were 3 times as many, high-rise building in 1975 as in 1965. Pollution and the increasing area of sugi forests were also responsible for increased allergic problems.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Nonfatal systemic allergic reactions induced by skin testing and immunotherapy.

Skin testing and immunotherapy with allergens can induce systemic allergic reactions. In order to identify factors associated with systemic allergic reactions, a prospective study was conducted from 1976-1989 with more than 10,000 patients being tested and a total of 513,368 injections being recorded. Our study showed that the probability of inducing systemic allergic reactions by skin testing was less than 0.02% and the probability of systemic allergic reactions caused by immunotherapy was 2.9%. The female to male ratio was 3 to 2. The highest incidence of systemic allergic reactions was in patients between the ages of 16 to 39 years of age. The majority of systemic allergic reactions occurred when patients were on increasing doses rather than maintenance doses. More than 95% of systemic allergic reactions were associated with pollens and most of them happened between the concentration of 100 and 1000 PNU/mL. There was no increased incidence during grass or ragweed pollination seasons in those patients who received grass or ragweed injections during the respective seasons. Only 50% of systemic allergic reactions developed within 30 minutes after injections. The three most important factors determining the incidence of systemic allergic reactions are the type of allergens, the "rate" of increase of allergen concentrations, and sensitivity of the patients to allergens. The prick test at initial allergy assessment can be used to "rule out," with a high degree of certainty, the likelihood of systemic allergic reactions. The prick test is easy to perform and it is cost-effective. Prick tests and RAST together are helpful in identifying the patients and the allergens at higher risk of systemic allergic reactions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[The Su-polysaccharide skin test in lung cancer].

Skin testing with intradermally injected Su-Polysaccharide (extracted from Su strain Streptococcus bacteria) was performed in 41 cases of lung cancer. Su-polysaccharide skin test results were correlated, to some extent, with the patient's age, clinical stage and performance status and showed a similar trend to the simultaneously performed PPD skin test. These results suggested the potential usefulness of Su-Polysaccharide skin test results as one of the parameters of immunological status of patients with lung cancer. It was also demonstrated that skin reaction to Su-Polysaccharide was increased specifically after OK-432 immunotherapy and was well correlated with the prognosis of the disease. The Su-Polysaccharide skin test was thus considered to be a useful parameter for monitoring the immune response to OK-432 immunotherapy in lung cancer and also one of the parameters of prognostic value.

Adult↗