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PubMed1998

Characteristics of intrafamilial and extrafamilial child sexual abuse.

OBJECTIVE: The precise nature of the differences between intrafamilial and extrafamilial child sexual abuse is not clear. The purpose of the present study is to provide clarification of these differences. METHOD: Archival data containing 1,037 cases of child sexual abuse were obtained from police files in two western Canadian cities with populations of about 180,000. Two trained research assistants coded and transcribed the data. RESULTS: Results showed: (1) earlier onset, longer duration, higher level of intrusion, and greater physical and emotional injury for intrafamilial victims; (2) less use of physical/verbal force, or enticements, and greater use of instructions "not to tell" by intrafamilial offenders; (3) more convictions and longer jail sentences for intrafamilial offenders; and (4) no intra-extrafamilial differences in victim sex preference. CONCLUSIONS: Boys are younger than girls at the time of first abuse in samples of criminal justice and hospital referrals, although only for older aged victims, for example, 8 to 17 years. Although statistically significant, there is little difference in level of intrusion perpetrated by intrafamilial and extrafamilial offenders, both are highly intrusive. Both intrafamilial and extrafamilial offenders use physical/verbal force, with older victims: extrafamilial offenders more often choose older victims, and therefore more often use force. Intrafamilial victims suffer greater physical and emotional injury, resulting from greater intrusion not duration of abuse. It's not clear that victim sex preferences of intra- and extrafamilial offenders exist.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

[Adolescents and sources of sex information: preferences and perceived usefulness].

OBJECTIVES: To find adolescents' assessment of the information received at their school on questions relating to sexuality. To discover their main sources of information on sexuality, the perceived utility of these and their preferences. DESIGN: Observational study. SETTING: Province of Cordoba. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: 955 adolescents at secondary schools were chosen through multistage randomised sampling. Anonymous health questionnaire. Average age was 16.62% were girls. 545 valued as a lot or sufficient the AIDS information received (57%; 54.3-59.6), more than when asked about STD (29%; 25.4-31.9), contraceptives (33%; 29.7-35.2), sexual relations (22%; 19.5-24.1) or pregnancy (22%; 19.3-24.2). They were able to talk openly about sexuality, firstly with friends (90.8%) and girl/boy-friend (80.5%), and least with teachers (18.7%), parents (17.4%) or priests (8.9%). Sexual information came basically from friends (26%) and magazines (24%), and least from doctors (7%) and parents (6%). The most useful source for adolescents was magazines (21%) and teachers (21%), with parents and cinema/T.V. in the last positions. When adolescents were asked from whom they would prefer to receive information, they chose firstly parents (34%) and doctors (33%). CONCLUSIONS: Adolescents perceived a centering of the information received at their school on AIDS. Their preferred sources of information did not coincide with what was most accessible. Despite considering doctors as a preferred source, they have received little information from us. The usefulness given to magazines is worthy of note.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Birth order, birth interval, and deviant sexual preferences among sex offenders.

We investigated whether birth order and birth interval are associated with phallometric responding among 168 sex offenders. Based on the immunoreactivity hypothesis, we predicted that a larger number of older brothers and a shorter birth interval between the offenders and their next older brothers would be associated with more deviant responding. Results showed that a larger number of older brothers (but not older sisters, younger brothers, or younger sisters) was associated with more deviant responding on the Most Deviant Index, a general measure of sexual deviance. A larger number of older brothers was associated with arousal to nonsexual violence against women and children, but contrary to expectation, the same association was also found for the number of younger brothers. A short birth interval with the next older brother was associated with greater relative arousal to nonsexual violence, but the correlation with the Most Deviant Index did not reach statistical significance. Overall, results were consistent with the main predictions, but the effects of birth order and birth interval were mostly restricted to arousal to nonsexual violence. Birth order and birth interval were not associated with pedophilic interests or gender preferences.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Husband-wife agreement about reproductive goals.

Data from Malaysia on the reproductive goals of husbands and wives are analyzed to determine level of agreement, using new scale measures on preferences for number and sex of children as well as the conventional measure of desired number of children. The level of agreement between husband and wife varies considerably depending on the focus of analysis and the measure of agreement used. Overall aggregate agreement of men and women is high but lower for subgroups of the population, particularly among various ethnic groups. For marital partners, the agreement is much lower, especially on sex preferences. The level observed depends on whether the measure is identity of responses or an index of homogeneity which allows for couple concordance based on chance or common socialization factors. The views about the reproductive goals of one marital partner cannot with confidence be assumed to represent the views of the other.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2006

Hand preference and sex shape the architecture of language networks.

In right-handed subjects, language processing relies predominantly on left hemisphere networks, more so in men than in women, and in right- versus left-handers. Using DT-MRI tractography, we have shown that right-handed men are massively interconnected between the left-hemisphere language areas, whereas the homologous in the right hemisphere are sparse; interhemispheric connections between the language areas and their contralateral homologues are relatively strong. Women and left-handed men have equally strong intrahemispheric connections in both hemispheres, but women have a higher density of interhemispheric connections.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Effects of vomeronasal organ removal on individual odor discrimination, sex-odor preference, and scent marking by female hamsters.

Removal of the vomeronasal organ (VNX) did not eliminate the ability of female hamsters to discriminate between individual male's flank gland or urine odors in a habituation/discrimination task nor did it impair preference for male odors over female odors from a distance. Vomeronasal organ removal did reduce overall levels of investigation of flank gland odor in the habituation/discrimination task. Although VNX females did not show severe impairments in the frequency of either flank or vaginal marking in response to odors, they did show an abnormal pattern of marking. VNX females, unlike shams, did not flank mark more to female odors than to male odors, nor did they vaginal mark more to male odors than to female odors. Thus, the vomeronasal organ in female hamsters appears to be important for differences in scent marking toward male and female odors, but is not essential for discrimination of individual odors or for preferences for male over female odors.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Sexuality in Montreal women living with HIV.

The impact of learning a positive HIV test result on the sexuality of 161 women (47 injection drug users (IDU), 53 non-IDU women of Haitian or African origin (non-IDU-HA), and 61 non-IDU Caucasian women (non-IDU-C) was assessed using closed and open-ended questions. Self-reported CD4+ count correlated with any post-test (p = 0.001) and past month sexual activity (p = 0.007). After learning their HIV status, 110 women (68%) were sexually active, 48 (44%) of these within 1 month. After resuming sexual activity, 84% underwent a sexual adjustment period (median duration 8.5 months). IDU women were more likely to have frequent sex, be anorgasmic, and prefer sex less often. Consistent partner condom use was low in general (19% for IDU, 30% for non-IDU-HA, and 62% for non-IDU-C) and by partner type (new regular partner 58%, same regular partner 36%, casual partner 29%). Sexual satisfaction tended to decline post-test and then increase to higher than pre-test levels. Counselling focused on the safe and satisfying aspects of sex may assist women with HIV infection in sexual decision-making. Facilitating the access of IDU women with HIV infection to medically supervised drug provision and to detoxification and rehabilitation programmes can weaken the link between drug use and sex work.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Parental preferences regarding sex education topics for sixth graders.

The purpose of this study was to ascertain which sex education topics parents of preadolescents regarded as appropriate for their children. The sample was comprised of 146 respondents randomly selected from a class list of sixth graders in a suburban school district. A mailed, self-administered questionnaire listing 48 possible topics was used to elicit parental response. Pretesting found the questionnaire to be highly reliable (Cronbach's alpha = .95). Overall, parents strongly supported the inclusion of a broad range of sex education topics regardless of parental age, sex, marital status, income, education, or child's sex. Moreover, parents were largely in agreement with the inclusion of sensitive topics in addition to those which were more physiological or behavioral. Catholics more often than Protestants agreed with the inclusion of birth control, abortion, and sterilization even after controlling for income and education. Thus, the findings suggest that parents of sixth graders find a broad sex education program in the school appropriate. To this end, school officials and sex educators should not overlook the needs of preadolescents for sex education solely on the basis of perceived parental opposition.

Adolescent↗