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At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

[Urinary bladder carcinoma in biopsies of the last 50 years. Changes in frequency and sex distribution (author's transl)].

Comparative investigations of 440 urinary bladder biopsies from 1927 to 1957 and 1634 bladder biopsies from 1972 to 1976 showed the following: Epithelial bladder tumors are today found much more frequently among old age groups than they used to be. Bladder carcinoma have also been noticed more frequently among women in recent years. The sex ratio of men to women has dropped from 3.4:1 to 2.6:1. In the past five years there has been a steady rise in the frequency of carcinoma; the number of biopsies has risen 67% over the established rates of 1972. The percentage of pure squamous cell carcinoma of bladder cancer found from 1927 to 1957 was 5.1%, almost double the rate of 1972 to 1976, which was 2.8%; 89.5% of all tumors from the first time interval and 93% from the second were transitional cell carcinomas. Highly differentiated epithelial bladder tumors are today more frequently diagnosed than before. The ratio of high- to low-differentiated bladder tumors is presently 1.7:1 in patients under the age of 50, and 1.3:1 in patients over 50.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Peculiarities of intracranial arachnoid cysts: location, sidedness, and sex distribution in 126 consecutive patients.

OBJECTIVE: To study the distribution of intracranial arachnoid cysts in a large and nonbiased patient population. METHODS: One hundred twenty-six patients with 132 arachnoid cysts were studied. Patients were consecutively referred to our department during a 10-year period from a well-defined geographical area with a stable population. RESULTS: The cysts had a strong predilection for the middle cranial fossa; 86 patients (65.2%) had cysts in this location. Of 106 cysts with clearly unilateral distribution, 64 were located on the left side and 42 on the right side. This significant difference resulted solely from the marked preponderance of middle fossa cysts for the left (left-to-right ratio, 2.1:1). There were significantly more males than females (92 males/34 females). This difference was exclusively due to male preponderance of unilateral middle fossa cysts (66 males/14 females; ratio, 4.7:1). For all other cyst locations, there was no difference between the two sexes (26 males/20 females) or the two sides (10 left, 16 right). The marked left-sidedness for middle fossa cysts was found only in males. Females had an even distribution between the two sides. CONCLUSION: Arachnoid cysts have a strong predilection for the middle cranial fossa that may be explained by a meningeal maldevelopment theory: the arachnoid coverings of the temporal and frontal lobes fail to merge when the sylvian fissure is formed in early fetal life, thereby creating a noncommunicating fluid compartment entirely surrounded by arachnoid membranes. Why males develop more middle fossa cysts on the left side remains a mystery.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Birth prevalence of cleft lip and palate in Colorado by sex distribution, seasonality, race/ethnicity, and geographic variation.

An epidemiologic study was designed to describe the association of potential risk factors with the occurrence of cleft lip and palate (CL/P) births in Colorado for the years 1982-1988. There were 307 children out of 381,175 live births identified, through birth certificate data, with a diagnosis of cleft palate or cleft lip with or without cleft palate. For this period, the birth prevalence was 0.81/1000. Male gender [odds ratio (OR) = 1.62, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.28, 2.04], white race (OR = 2.87, 95% CI = 1.52, 5.44), and non-metropolitan residence (OR = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.23, 2.05) were each associated with an excess risk of having a cleft abnormality of any type at birth. No differences in the occurrence of cleft lip and palate were observed by month of birth, altitude of county of residence, or in Hispanic compared with non-Hispanic newborns. Using information from the 1989 Colorado Registry for Children with Special Needs, there was little evidence of ascertainment bias on major factors of interest for the birth certificate data. Further studies are required to define the factors associated with excess risk of CL/P in non-metropolitan areas.

Altitude↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Epidemiologic data on meningiomas in East Germany 1961-1986: incidence, localization, age and sex distribution.

From 1961 to 1986, 8119 new cases of meningioma were reported to the National Cancer Register of East Germany (former German Democratic Republic) with an average population of 16.9 million. The crude annual incidence was 1.85 per 100,000 population. The crude rates were 1.16 for males, and 2.44 per 100,000 for women; after age adjustment ("world" population) these rates were 0.90 and 1.92 per 100,000, respectively. Thus meningioma occurred 2.1 times more frequently in women than men. Independent of sex, the incidence rose continuously with increasing age. At the same time, there appeared to be an increase in meningioma frequency in the course of the 26-year reporting period. The overwhelming majority of cases, 7375, (90.8%) were intracranial in location but 711 (8.8%) were intraspinal. Some 50% of all cases were first discovered at autopsy, with the proportion of such cases being markedly higher in the older age groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

The sex distribution of suicides by age in nations of the world.

The ratio of the male suicide rate to the female suicide rate for each age group in 31 nations of the world was found to be associated with the wealth of the nations. The male/female suicide rate ratio was lower in wealthier nations for older adults and higher in wealthier nations for youths. The male/female suicide rate ratio was associated over the nations among the younger age groups and also among the older age groups. These results suggest that the sex ratio may be differently determined in youths and in older adults.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Age-sex distribution of Toxoplasma antibody in the South Australian population.

Sera from 1071 patients in nine age categories were screened for Toxoplasma antibody by indirect immunofluorescence. Thirty per cent of the sera contained antibody at a titre greater than or equal to 1/16. The percentage of sera containing antibody rose from 3% in the 6 months--5 years age group to a maximum of about 40% in the 31--40 years age group. It remained constant thereafter. Eleven per cent of the 84 sera with Toxoplasma antibody titres greater than or equal to 1/128 had Toxoplasma IgM titres greater than or equal to 1/32. No significant difference was found in the possession of antibody between the sexes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1968

Testosterone-binding globulins in human plasma: studies on sex distribution and specificity.

When human plasma is mixed with testosterone-(3)H and subjected to electrophoresis on paper in glycine acetate buffer at pH 8.6, at least two proteins other than albumin bind the testosterone. In normal women 80.5 +/- 1.9% (SEM) of the recovered radioactivity migrates with the beta-globulins, 7.3 +/- 0.80% with the inter-alpha-globulins, and 4.3 +/- 0.40% with albumin. In normal men the percentages are 69.3 +/- 3.0%, 14.3 +/- 1.6%, and 6.2 +/- 1.1%, respectively. These differences between men and women in binding among the beta-globulins and inter-alpha-globulins are statistically significant (P < 0.001). The highest percentages of radioactivity associated with the beta-globulins are seen in infants of both sexes, men receiving diethylstillbestrol, and pregnant women. These same subjects have the lowest percentages of radioactivity associated with the inter-alpha-globulins. Experiments with carrier testosterone indicate that at least some of the differences between the normal men and women and infants can be explained by differences in the concentration of endogenous testosterone. This factor alone, however, cannot explain the increased binding among the beta-globulins in the men receiving diethylstilbestrol or in the pregnant females. In this system estrone, estradiol, dehydroisoandrosterone, androsterone, 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, and 19-nortestosterone compete with testosterone for binding sites on the proteins. None is as potent as testosterone itself.

Alpha-Globulins↗
PubMed1998

Chromosome abnormalities in 447 couples undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection--prevalence, types, sex distribution and reproductive relevance.

Chromosomal abnormalities are thought to be a major contributor to the genetic risks of infertility treatment by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Apart from abnormalities arising de novo, abnormal karyotypes in pregnancies conceived through assisted reproductive technology may be directly derived from predisposing parental aberrations. In a prospective study we have analysed the chromosomes of 868 male and female patients prior to planned ICSI treatment. A total of 33 aberrant karyotypes was diagnosed, corresponding to an abnormality rate of 7.6% per couple or 3.8% per individual studied. Even though male factor infertility was twice as common as female factor infertility in this cohort, 24 of the chromosomal abnormalities were found among the women. Low-level mosaicism for numerical sex chromosome anomalies was diagnosed in 20 individuals, and one patient had the triple X karyotype. With respect to structural chromosomal anomalies, we found six reciprocal and three Robertsonian translocations, two paracentric inversions and one marker chromosome. Many of the aberrations that we diagnosed could be classified as carrying only a small to moderate reproductive risk. Given the high rate of abnormal karyotypes among the female subjects, we suggest that not only the males, but both partners should be routinely karyotyped prior to ICSI.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[Sex distribution of EEG phenomena with particular reference to subcortical dysfunctions].

The most constant or continually recurring sexual difference observed from childhood through to old age and determined from the results of a total of 1500 electroencephalograms was a considerable increase in beta activity occurring in female individuals at an earlier time and at a higher rate. The more frequent observation in male individuals of a "pure" alpha electroencephalogram may be interpreted as suggesting a slight decrease of vigilance in them. The percentage of abnormal electroencephalographic results was highest in females, the proportion being 62.5%:51.5% and the functional disorders occurring chiefly in the form of subcortical dysfunctions (30%:20%). Low voltage was found to be predominant in males. More frequent occurrence in the female sex of weakness of the brainstem and a more sensitively reacting formatio reticularis may be considered a possible explanation; also, attempts are made to bring the results obtained into causal or reciprocal relation to psychic conditions. Beta activity is perhaps a parameter of emotionality.

Adolescent↗