[Critical disorders of sex behavior in temporal epilepsy].
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Adolescent↗
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Implications of the behavioral sex therapies for psychoanalytic theory and practice: intrapsychic sequelae of symptom removal in the patient and spouse.
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Adaptation, Psychological↗
[Current status of sex behavior of stroke patients and health instructions].
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Cerebrovascular Disorders↗
Plasma steroid hormones in relation to behavioral sex role reversal in the spotted sandpiper, Actitis macularia.
Plasma samples collected from spotted sandpipers during the reproductive season were analyzed for testosterone, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), estradiol-17 beta and progesterone. Prior to incubation, plasma testosterone and DHT levels were significantly greater in males than in females. Estradiol levels of paired females were significantly greater than those of paired males. Testosterone and DHT levels of unpaired resident and paired males were significantly greater than those of incubating and brooding males. A 25-fold decline in testosterone occurred in males from the 1- or 2-egg stage to the 3-egg stage, when incubation is initiated. In females, testosterone values were low in unpaired, brooding, and transient birds. Paired females had levels 7-fold greater than unpaired birds. In both sexes, there was a strong correlation between testosterone and DHT levels. Prolactin values were negatively correlated with testosterone and DHT in males. These results indicate that the high level of intrasexual competition for mates among female spotted sandpipers is not based upon a total reversal of the normal male/female levels of androgens and estradiol. Territoriality and intense competition for mates in females may be based upon enhanced receptivity of neural centers to moderate hormone levels. Relative changes in testosterone between unpaired and paired females indicates that this hormone may play a role in mate acquisition and territoriality of these sex role-reversed females.
Animals↗
[Children's knowledge of sex behavior and contraception].
INTRODUCTION: Adolescent sexuality is not a new phenomenon, but it has been accepted differently at various times and societies. In modern times, adolescents start sexual life early, not well educated and not prepared for possible consequences. The period between the first sexual relationship, marriage and having children is prolonged with a greater possibility of having artificial abortions or sexually transmitted diseases (STD). It is of great importance to work on proper education of children and adolescents on sexual life and contraception. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An inquiry into the knowledge of sex and contraception was performed in an elementary school in Novi Sad, comprising 134 children from VII and VIII grade (aged 13-14, 77 girls and 57 boys) in order to prepare a lecture on these topics. RESULTS: Most of the knowledge on these topics children aged 13 and 14 got watching TV and reading magazines (44.15% girls and 70.17% boys) and from their friends (42.1%). Communication about sex and contraception exists mostly among friends (51.95% girls and 82.46% boys). One third of girls talk with parents and one quarter got knowledge from them. Only four boys (2.98%) had sexual intercourse without complications: artificial abortion or STD. Almost every child (96.95%) knows about AIDS and 89.25% children know about at least one method of contraception (mostly condom). Three quarters claim artificial abortion is harmful. 50% of children want more education about sex and contraception. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Most of the knowledge on sexual life and contraception children get from various forms of mass-media and from one another which is unreliable and incomplete. Unfortunately, parents and teachers play a minor role in sex education of children. In order to prevent spreading of sexually transmitted diseases and to decrease the percentage of adolescent pregnancy and artificial abortions, it is of great importance to investigate knowledge, attitudes and practice of children and adolescents in regard to sexual life and contraception and to prepare acceptable and efficient programs for education on these topics. However, not only education is important, but also acceptance and behavior of children and adolescents resulting from these programs.
Adolescent↗
[Specific factors of sex behavior in patients with anorexia nervosa and bulimia].
65 patients were examined. They were divided into three groups. Group 1 consisted of patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) without bulimia, complicated by cachexia and amenorrhea. Epileptoid personality masculinous body built and behaviour, essential disturbances of sexual self-identification prevailed in this group. 3 patients had homoerotic tendencies, while a syndrome of sex negation developed in 5 cases. In group 2 bulimia was a stage of AN development. The patients had frequently initial endocrinopathy (obesity, dysmenorrhea), experiences of phobia and anxiety, asynchronous disharmonious type of psychosexual ontogenesis. Group 3 of patients was characterized by predomination of bulimia symptoms as a variation of the disease course. Normostenic body built, normal somatoendocrine and psychosexual development were combined with hysteric personal characteristics, mood and sexual fluctuations.
Adult↗
Sexual decision making and safer sex behavior among young female injection drug users and female partners of IDUs.
Data from interviews with 94 young women who were injection drug users (IDUs) or partners of IDUs were analyzed to examine associations between self-reported sexual decision making and condom use, contraceptive use, and relationship characteristics. Most women (73-85%) reported participating in decisions about condom use, contraception, and when to have sex. Adjusting for potential covariates, respondents who reported participating in decisions about condom use and when to have sex were 7 and 19 times, respectively, more likely than others to report recently using condoms. Respondents who reported participating in decisions about contraception were 20 times more likely than others to report recently using contraceptives. Longer sexual relationships were associated with decreased likelihood of condom or contraceptive use.
Adolescent↗
[Sex behavior and vaginal flora in climacteric and postmenopausal females].
515 menopausal or postmenopausal women visiting the gynecologic clinic of a university hospital and having received no hormonal replacement therapy were screened for frequency of sexual intercourse and clinical symptoms typical for this period in life by a questionnaire. We found that a high percentage of women are still sexually active even with advanced age. It appeared that sex life is more intensive right after the menopause. A decrease of sexual intercourse after an age of 66 years and older seems to be secondary to the lack of a partner. Older women who remained sexually active had significantly more often a pathologic vaginal smear. We conclude that even in older women, when seen for consultation, it remains important to take into account possible sexual activity in regard to the diagnosis and therapy of vulvovaginitis.
Aged↗
[Changes in sex behavior caused by fear of AIDS--an empirical study of male heterosexual and homosexual students].
UNLABELLED: This study examines changes in sexual behaviour in the context of the fear of being infected with the HI-Virus and, in particular, considers the influence of a relationship and of sexual orientation. The population studied included 72 homosexual and 54 heterosexual male students. RESULTS: (1) Only 7% of the heterosexuals, but 68% of the homosexuals report changes in their sexual behaviour pattern. (2) Among the homosexual group practice-oriented alterations (avoiding oral and anal sex or using condoms for these practices) and relationship-oriented alterations (reducing the number of sex partners) occur likewise. (3) Practice-oriented changes are less frequent among homosexuals with partners than those without. (4) Those homosexuals questioned who are in conflict with their homosexuality have less confidence in potential sex partners. They are more inclined to have "monogamous" relationships.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
[Sex behavior of patients attending a free, anonymous HIV screening center in Paris].
People's sexual behavior changes as they acquire knowledge od HIV infection. During a 10-week period (September-November 1994), we analysed the results of interviews conducted prior to free, anonymous tests in the Figuier HIV screening center (CDAG, Paris). Men accounted for 61% of the 1275 attendees, and 62% were aged between 20 and 29 years (both sexes). Consultants were homo/bisexuals in 26% cases and 23% had an HIV-infected partner. Male and female hetero-sexual represented respectively 35 and 38% of attendees, and 1.7% had an HIV-infected partner. Most of the subjects (76%) had had more than one sexual partner in the last 12 months. 72% of the homo/bisexuals of all ages stated that they used condoms systematically during sexual penetration, compared to 35% of the heterosexuals. In contrast, only 3.9% of homo/bisexual used condoms during oral intercourse. 12% of the subjects (21% of homo/bisexuals, and 8.5% of heterosexuals) stated that they had been treated for an STD during the previous year, and most were aged between 25 and 34 years. The most frequent stated STDs were anogenital papillomavirus and herpes virus infections, and chlamydial infections. 80% of the homo/bisexual considered they "too a risk" (oral intercourse), compared to 47% of heterosexuals. 10% of the subjects did not collect their result. In this study the seroprevalence of HIV was 1%, with the highest values in the 25-34 year age group and among homo/bisexuals (3%), and the lowest values among male and female heterosexuals (0.4% and 0.2%, respectively). Most of the subjects, on the basis of their stated sexual behavior, were aware of the risk of HIV infection, but the high frequency of STDs shows that prevention campaigns must be reinforced. Practician must offer advice on prevention and screening in order to reduce the frequency of infective and tumoral diseases due to sexually transmitted pathogens.
Adolescent↗
Changes in magnetic resonance imaging and sex behavior after 6-OHDA injection in the medial preoptic area.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brains of male rats was done before and after destroying the catecholamine (CA) fibers by local application of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) in the medial preoptic area (mPOA). The male sexual behavior was also assessed before and after injection of this toxic drug. The administration of 6-OHDA (8 microg) resulted in highly variable lesions, as shown by MRI and confirmed by histological examination. A hyperintense area was visible either on one or on both sides, about 1-3 h after the administration of the drug. Postmortem histofluorescence showed destruction of CA fibers in the mPOA on those sides that showed hyperintense areas in the MRI. No CA fiber destruction was seen in those rats that had shown no change in MRI after 6-OHDA injection. There was a transient reduction in sex drive score in all the 6-OHDA-treated rats. The present findings point out a correlation between the MRI changes and CA fiber destruction, whereas the transient reduction in the sexual behavior was not related to these changes. It is suggested that some biochemical events related to 6-OHDA destruction of CA fibers may have been responsible for the hyperintensity seen in the MRI.
Animals↗
[HIV infected women in Copenhagen. Risk factors and sex behavior].
A total of 115 women were found to be HIV-antibody positive during the period January 1985 to September 1988 in the three large hospitals in Copenhagen. Thirty-five women (31%) had been infected heterosexually, 63 (55%) were intravenous drug addicts, 12 (10%) had been infected by transfusion and in five (4%) the mode of transmission was unknown. In 1988, 73% of the women who were found to be HIV-positive were infected heterosexually while only 14% were infected in this manner in 1985. Out of the heterosexually HIV-infected women, 25 (71%) had probably been infected by a man from a risk group while nine further women were infected by a known HIV-positive man with-out connection to any risk group. Eleven women (31%) stated that they practised "safe sex" prior to the HIV test while 22 (74%) did so after the positive HIV-test, which represents a considerable improvement. Out of the drug addicted women, six (10%) stated that they had always practiced "safe sex" prior to the test while 13 (28%) did so after the HIV-test. Approximately 1/3 of these women periodically shared syringes and needles with others. It is concluded that heterosexual contact among HIV-infected women in Copenhagen is a route of transmission of significance. Women infected heterosexually appear to alter their sexual behavior when they are made aware of the positive HIV-test.
Denmark↗
[Possibilities of drug treatment in some sex behavior anomalies].
In this article the authors reconsider the literature about the drug treatment of sexual behaviour anomalies. In fact, the therapy of subjects convicted for sexual offences has been widely studied. The various drugs at disposal may be divided into three main groups: 1) oestrogens; 2) progesterone derivatives; 3) psycho-tropic-drugs. Among oestrogens the most widely used are oral stiboestrol and oestron. Recently, oestradio has been implanted subcutaneously. Even if effective all of them present some inconvenients, sometimes serious one, such as breast cancer. Recently drugs of the second group have been used. The most important of them is Cyproterone acetate, a synthetic substance, which is classified as antiandrogen and whose structure is like to progesterone. The effects in achieving a complete loss of libido and of sexual power have been judged satisfactory by all the authors who have experienced this drug. In U.S.A., where use of Cyproterone is still interdected, Medroxyprogersterone acetate is used parenterally and by depot with similar therapeutical effects. To the last group belong various drugs. The most used in benperidol, a neuroleptic, classified by many authors as antiandrogen.
Benperidol↗
Effect of thyroid hormone administration on estrogen-induced sex behavior in female mice.
Effects of thyroid hormones on reproductive processes have been described in sheep, birds, and rats. To extend this subject to mice for eventual analysis with genetically modified animals, we looked for effects of thyroid hormone treatment on lordosis behavior of ovariectomized estrogen-treated female mice. High doses of thyroid hormones reduced lordosis behavior. Since we could not explain this result by pharmacokinetic or peripheral effects, we infer that it worked by a central mechanism. Future investigations must determine whether endogenous fluctuations within the thyroid's normal physiological range have any behavioral effects.
Animals↗
Intergenerational change in sex behavior: a belated look at Kinsey's males.
This article replicates for Kinsey's male sample the decade-of-birth analyses provided in the Kinsey "female volume." Five generations of male respondents are compared in terms of total frequency of sexual activity, and frequency and incidence of nine specific categories of sexual behavior. Inj general, unmarried males born after 1900 experienced more frequent sexual outlet than did nineteenth-century males. Additionally, the proportion of total outlet devoted to various specific activities varied by birth decade. Solitary masturbation rose somewhat spectacularly in significance with the passing decades, while nocturnal emissions and animal contacts declined. Orgasms provided by heterosexual activities increased slightly for the early twentieth-century generations, but then declined to a point below their nineteenth-century levels. Although homosexual contacts accounted for a constant percentage of total outlet for unmarried males over the five generations, more males in each succeeding generation were actively engaging in homosexual activity, at least on a casual basis. Similarly, although heterosexual contacts accounted for a smaller percentage of all activity among the unmarried in later generations, more of the later-born males had engaged in such activity at least once. For married males, on the other hand, frequency of total outlet was unaffected by generation. A large and stable proportion of this outlet was provided by marital coitus. Although more males in later generations had experienced extramarital contacts, such activities accounted for a small and resonably stable proportion of total outlet, when frquency of occurrence was considered. Masturbation gained in significance, while nocturnal emissions and homosexual contacts declined, and animal contacts among the married were almost nonexistent in all generations.
Adolescent↗
The interrelationship of sex guilt, sex behavior, and age in an adult sample.
Sexual guilt is defined as a generalized expectancy for self-mediated punishment for violating or anticipating violating internalized standards of proper sexual conduct. Previous studies have focused on the relationship between sexual guilt and sexual behavior in college students. The relationship has been shown to be inverse and quite strong. The present study employed a sample of males, ages 27 to 73. The instruments used were the Sexual Guilt Subscale of the Mosher Forced Choice Guilt Scale and the Bentler Heterosexual Behavior Assessment Scale. As in prior studies, it was found that there was a significant inverse correlation between sexual guilt and sexual behavior. In addition, there was found to be an inverse correlation between sexual behavior and age. A significant positive correlation was found between sexual guilt and age. When age was held constant, it was found that there was a highly significant inverse correlation between sexual guilt and sexual behavior. This factoring out of age clarifies the relationship between these variables. The clinician should be aware that the age of a patient may not be a factor in his/her sexual behavior.
Adult↗
Gay men's safer sex behavior: an integration of three models.
This cross-sectional study explored gay men's sexual risk behavior from the perspective of three popular conceptual models, the health belief model, the theory of reasoned action, and social cognitive theory. Data were collected from sexually active gay men via anonymous questionnaire containing questions about sexual behavior and items related to the constructs comprising the three models. Using structural equation modeling techniques (LISREL 8), self-reported condom use was examined from the perspective of each theory. The results suggested that a substantial part of the variance in unprotected anal intercourse could be explained by conceptually analogous constructs common to these models. These constructs referred to the cognitive-affective reactions toward condoms and to the social context of using condoms. An additional variable unique to social cognitive theory, self-efficacy, added to the explained variance in the criterion above and beyond the variables that were common to the models. Relevant variables from the three theories were integrated into an expanded self-efficacy model.
Adolescent↗
Dopaminergic control of male sex behavior in rats: effects of an intracerebrally-infused agonist.
Systemically-administered dopaminergic drugs have been found to facilitate sexual behavior of men and male rats. The present experiments investigated the localization within the brain of dopaminergic effects on copulation of male rats. Apomorphine, a dopamine agonist, was microinfused into the medial preoptic area, caudate-putamen, nucleus accumbens, lateral septum and lateral ventricle. The lowest dose of apomorphine (0.2 microgram) infused into the ventricle reduced the number of ejaculations, slowed the rate of intromitting and decreased the percentage of mounts on which the male gained vaginal intromission. The higher two doses (0.5 and 2.0 micrograms) infused into the medial preoptic area and, in some cases, the ventricle, increased the number of ejaculations and the percentage of mounts with vaginal intromission, increased the rate of intromitting and decreased the latency to ejaculate and the postejaculatory interval before resuming copulation. Infusions into the caudate-putamen and lateral septum were without effect. Those into nucleus accumbens produced only a slight dose-related decrease in latency to begin copulating. The copulatory impairments associated with infusions of the lowest dose into the ventricle may have resulted from stimulation of autoreceptors, or from preferential stimulation by low doses of an undetermined area. The facilitative effects of the two higher doses into the medial preoptic area and lateral ventricle may have been due to stimulation of dopaminergic postsynaptic receptors.
Animals↗