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American Indians with HIV/AIDS: health and social service needs, barriers to care, and satisfaction with services among a Western tribe.

This study investigated the health care and social service needs, barriers to care and satisfaction with services among American Indians with HIV/AIDS in a western tribe. Individual interviews were conducted with 28 respondents, which constituted nearly the entire population obtaining HIV/AIDS medical services from the IHS in the target area. The survey found that expressed need for services in this frontier rural area were lower than urban counterparts, but that access to needed services was lower. Common unmet medical needs include mental health services, eye and dental care, traditional Native medicine, and substance abuse treatment. Common unmet social service needs include housing assistance, help obtaining food and clothing, and transportation. Limited access to essential services impedes the ability of American Indians with HIV/AIDS to maintain effective medical regimens.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗

Social services support and expenditure for children with autism.

This article provides information about children with autism who are supported by English social services departments based on the Children in Need Survey 2001 (CIN2001). In 119 authorities, 6310 children were recorded as having a diagnosis of autism or related conditions, probably about one-quarter of all children with such diagnoses and about half of those actually supported. Demographically, this group appears similar to children with autism generally: there are more boys than girls, and learning, communication and behaviour difficulties are common. CIN2001 shows that mean social services support costs tend to be quite high, particularly compared with other disabled children. There are very considerable variations between social services departments in reported numbers and spending. It is unlikely that this variation can be attributed to the prevalence of autism, and more likely that it reflects the case recognition and service provision policies of local agencies.

Adolescent↗

Referrals from general practitioners to a social services department.

One year's referrals from general practitioners to a social services department were studied. There was a low referral rate and a bias towards women, the elderly and the less affluent. The referrals were predominantly made for practical help with problems of ill health. A high proportion of clients were allocated to non-social work staff, and the social service intervention, generally of short duration, showed a sympathetic response to the practical requests of general practitioners. The limited use of social workers by doctors is considered to be the result of ignorance or scepticism about psychodynamic social work skills. Closer liaison between general practitioners and social workers, and a clearer presentation by social workers of their professional skills, are suggested solutions to this problem.

Adolescent↗

The public library system. Social services resource for the geriatric population.

The public library system is targeting the geriatric population and instituting programs to meet informational and recreational needs. From retirement planning, visual aids, and screening, to accessing library material to the elderly, the public library system attempts to meet the challenge of providing service to this special population. Although not a formal group, the library has inherent therapeutic effects that benefit the elderly who participate in their programs. The clinician would be advised to take advantage of these various programs. Because each local and regional center will offer different programs, calling a local library is the most effective way to find out what a specific public library system has to offer. Nurses may also consider joint efforts to initiate programs in their library systems to better meet the population's needs.

Aged↗