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At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

[The emperor Nero as an example of the actor and singer in ancient Rome (author's transl)].

The question of what importance the human voice had as a means of expression in the Roman Empire and how orators, actors and singers trained and developed their voices can be seen in the example of the Emperor Nero (37--68 AD). The historians of late antiquity (in particular, Sueton and Tacitus) reported a deeper insight into Nero's complex personality. As a result, a number of details are known about his training as an artist as these relate to his appearance in public as an actor and singer. These findings can also be regarded as characteristic for the epoch of the time.

History, Ancient↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Silencing the Singer. Antibioethics in Germany.

"Die Gedanken sind frei," in the words of the old song. But in Germany, thoughts are no longer free. Peter Singer, the "death ethicist," has become a special target for activists attempting to silence bioethical debate in Germany. In the context of the trauma inflicted by National Socialism, a profound unease over issues at the end of life is accompanied by an insistence that these issues are not to be discussed.

Abortion, Legal↗
PubMed1984

Rehabilitation of a quadriplegic professional singer. Use of a device to provide abdominal muscle support.

Abdominal muscle support is essential for singing. Nevertheless, it has been possible to rehabilitate a professional singer who sustained a C-5 fracture and quadriplegia. The device that has been developed has restored his ability to support singing and has improved respiratory function substantially. It appears to have potential usefulness for restoring effective coughing in other quadriplegic patients.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1985

Long-term results of the Blom-Singer speech rehabilitation procedure.

We report a 64% long-term success rate in our series of 66 patients who have undergone the tracheoesophageal puncture (TEP) procedure with follow-up ranging from one to 3 1/2 years. Poor motivation and compliance were the most common factors noted in patients who failed to obtain or maintain tracheoesophageal speech. Other problems causing failure were technical problems relating to the TEP and medical problems. The success rate in the last 24 cases of our series has improved to 83%. The "collared" prosthesis, more careful patient selection, and emphasis on a team approach seem to be important factors for the higher success rate. The Blom-Singer TEP procedure is a safe, simple, and effective means of alaryngeal communication for selected patients.

Female↗
PubMed1986

Aerodynamic characteristics of Blom-Singer low-pressure voice prostheses.

In vitro airflow resistance calculations were completed for 20 low-pressure voice prostheses (Blom-Singer). Total device resistances ranged from 63.51 to 105.91 cm H2O per liter per second (LPS), with an overall average resistance of 82.04 cm H2O/LPS. Resistance characteristics were compared with those of other commercially available devices.

Air Pressure↗
PubMed1992

Laryngoplasty for the treatment of vocal cord paralysis in an amateur singer.

We have performed a medialization laryngoplasty on a schoolteacher who was also an amateur singer. Medialization laryngoplasty has been slow to gain acceptance but offers many advantages over Teflon injection because it is a reversible procedure and can be utilized early in vocal cord paralysis instead of waiting 9 months. Postoperatively, the patient can vocalize more than two octaves with good volume. Objective measurements of results is needed in judging the success of these procedures.

Humans↗
PubMed1997

Voice restoration after laryngectomy: experience with the Blom-Singer extended-wear indwelling tracheoesophageal voice prosthesis.

BACKGROUND: The Blom-Singer tracheoesophageal voice prosthesis has undergone continuous design modifications during the last 18 years to make it more effective, anatomically compatible, and easier to use. This evolution continues with the recent introduction of an indwelling-style voice prosthesis intended for use by individuals who are unable or disinclined to use a self-removable-style voice prosthesis. The a priori self-lifespan goal of the indwelling prosthesis was 180 days. METHODS: The present investigation describes the experience of 81 consecutive participants who used a total of 206 indwelling voice prosthesis. Selection criteria included total laryngectomy and either primary (n = 35) or secondary (n = 46) tracheoesophageal puncture. All participants had external-beam radiotherapy either pre- or postlaryngectomy. Specifically, lifespan of the prosthesis, the effects and clinical management of fungal colonization, and participant satisfaction with this style prosthesis were studied. RESULTS: A prosthesis use rate of 90% was observed. Group 1 prostheses (without fungal colonization and without Nystatin therapy) exhibited a lifespan significantly longer than did group 2 prostheses (with fungal colonization and prior to Nystatin therapy) (sample mean [mean] = 185.6 days versus 80.6 days; p < .05). Group 3 prostheses (following Nystatin therapy) also exhibited a lifespan significantly longer than that of group 2 prostheses (mean = 156.1 days versus 80.6 days; p < .05). Lifespans of group 1 and group 3 prostheses were not significantly different (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS: The extended-wear, indwelling voice prosthesis achieved its a priori lifespan goal of 180 days (6 months) with almost uniform patient preference and without risk of increased complications. When fungal colonization was present. Nystatin therapy significantly prolonged prosthesis lifespan.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

The Blom-Singer tracheostoma valve as a valuable addition in the rehabilitation of the laryngectomized patient.

Prosthesis-assisted tracheo-esophageal speech has proven its value in post-laryngectomy voice rehabilitation, although manual occlusion of the tracheostoma during speech is necessary. In contrast a tracheostoma valve enables hands-free speech. We have now had experience with 30 patients using the Blom-Singer tracheostoma valve for more than 6 months and have found that most patients prefer prosthesis-assisted speech with the tracheostoma valve. Measurement of several speech parameters with digital and valve occlusion of the tracheostoma did not show any significant differences between the two speaking conditions. Problems included maintenance of an airtight seal, outward forcing of the valve diaphragm during forced expiration and subjective increased airflow resistance.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Vocal capabilities of nonprofessional singers evaluated by measurement and superimposition of their speaking, shouting and singing voice range profiles].

Voice range profile(VRP) measurement (Phonetography) was used for the evaluation of the vocal capabilities of 41 female (F) and 50 male (M) members of a nonprofessional choir. By means of an automatic VPR measurement system F0 and SPL dB(A) were determined and displayed real time, two-dimensionally. The speaking voice (reading a standard passage as well as counting from the softest to the loudest intensity), the shouting voice (3-4 times shouting a standard sentence) and the singing voice (sustained phonation / la:/ at minimum and maximum intensity level) were measured. The VRPs of these voice modalities were superimposed on the screen and the plot. The averaged values for the speaking VRP: intensity range (F): 48 dB (range 46 soft to 94 dB loud phonation), (M): 52 dB (range 46-98). Pitch range (F): 15 semitones (ST) (Cis3, 138-E4, 329 Hz), (M): 19 ST (E2, 82 Hz-H3, 246 Hz). The average slope for the speaking voice (F): 0,31 ST/dB, (M): 0,36 ST/dB. Shouting VRP highest intensity (F): 106,5 dB, (M): 108,5 dB, highest pitch (F): between Ais4, 466 and H4, 493 Hz. (M): E4, 329 Hz. Average slope for speaking and shouting voice (F): 0,36 ST/dB, (M): 0,39 ST/dB. Singing VRP pitch range (F): 34,6 ST, (M): 37 ST, intensity range (F): 60 dB, (M): 58 dB. The pitch extension of the speaking VRP ranges from 2,9 to 46,2%, speaking and shouting VRPs together with 2,9 to 65% of the pitch range of the singing VRP (F), (M) 2,7-54% and 2,7-67,5% accordingly. The average values for nonprofessional singers reflect an effective but not special use of the phonatory system for the speaking, shouting and singing voice functions with respect to pitch and intensity.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Variation of psilocybin and psilocin levels with repeated flushes (harvests) of mature sporocarps of Psilocybe cubensis (Earle) Singer.

Analysis of Psilocybe cubensis (Earle) Singer grown in controlled culture showed that the level of psilocin was generally zero in the first (or sometimes even the second) fruiting of the mushroom from a given culture and that the level reached a maximum by the fourth flush. The level of psilocybin, which was nearly always at least twice the level of psilocin, showed no upward or downward trend as fruiting progressed, but was variable over a factor of four. Samples obtained from outside sources had psilocybin levels varying by over a factor of ten from one collection to the next.

Basidiomycota↗
PubMed2005

Voice source differences between registers in female musical theater singers.

Musical theater singing typically requires women to use two vocal registers. Our investigation considered voice source and subglottal pressure P(s) characteristics of the speech pressure signal recorded for a sequence of /pae/ syllables sung at constant pitch and decreasing vocal loudness in each register by seven female musical theater singers. Ten equally spaced P(s) values were selected, and the relationships between P(s) and several parameters were examined; closed-quotient (Q(closed)), peak-to-peak pulse amplitude (U(p-t-p)), amplitude of the negative peak of the differentiated flow glottogram, ie, the maximum flow declination rate (MFDR), and the normalized amplitude quotient (NAQ) [U(p-t-p)/(T0*MFDR)], where T0 is the fundamental period. P(s) was typically slightly higher in chest than in head register. As P(s) influences the measured glottogram parameters, these were also compared at an approximately identical P(s) of 11 cm H2O. Results showed that for typical tokens, MFDR and Q(closed) were significantly greater, whereas U(p-t-p) and therefore NAQ were significantly lower in chest than in head.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Vocal amusia in a professional tango singer due to a right superior temporal cortex infarction.

We describe the psychophysical features of vocal amusia in a professional tango singer caused by an infarction mainly involving the superior temporal cortex of the right hemisphere. The lesion also extended to the supramarginal gyrus, the posterior aspect of the postcentral gyrus and the posterior insula. She presented with impairment of musical perception that was especially pronounced in discriminating timbre and loudness but also in discriminating pitch, and a severely impaired ability to reproduce the pitch just presented. In contrast, language and motor disturbances were almost entirely absent. By comparing her pre- and post-stroke singing, we were able to show that her singing after the stroke lacked the fine control of the subtle stress and pitch changes that characterized her pre-stroke singing. Such impairment could not be explained by the impairment of pitch perception. The findings suggest that damage to the right temporoparietal cortex is enough to produce both perceptive and expressive deficits in music.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Vocal education for the professional voice user and singer.

Providing education on voice-related anatomy, physiology, and vocal hygiene information is the responsibility of every voice care professional. This article discusses the importance of a vocal education program for singers and professional voice users. An outline of a vocal education lecture is provided.

Humans↗
PubMed2001

Acoustic measures of phonatory improvement secondary to treatment by oral corticosteroids in a professional singer: a case report.

Short-term administration of corticosteriods is sometimes indicated for professional voice users experiencing laryngeal edema and/or inflammation. Unfortunately, no data are available to document the effectiveness of these medications to improve phonatory parameters. We present a case report of a 32-year-old male professional singer with vocal fold edema experiencing imminent vocal demands who was prescribed a 6-day course (dose-pack) of oral methyl prednisolone. Endoscopic and stroboscopic evaluations were completed premedication and postmedication, and acoustic measures of phonatory function were obtained premedication, 3 days during the dose cycle, 5 days during the dose cycle, and 1 day postmedication. Postmedication results revealed an increase in fundamental frequency (F0) and large decreases in jitter, shimmer, long-term frequency, and amplitude variability. These corresponded with patient and evaluator perceptual measures of improved voice, and with endoscopic observations of reduced edema. The benefits and risks of corticosteroid therapy are discussed, specific to their use in the professional voice population.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Phonetogram changes for trained singers over a nine-month period of vocal training.

Professional vocalists encounter demands requiring voluntary control of phonation, while utilizing a considerable range of frequency and intensity. These quantifiable acoustic events can be measured and represented in a phonetogram. Previous research has compared the phonetograms of trained and untrained voices and found significant differences between these groups. This study was designed to assess the effects of vocal training for singers over a period of nine months. Phonetogram contour changes were examined, with the primary focus on expansion of frequency range and/or intensity control. Twenty-one first-year, master's level, vocal music students, who were engaged in an intensive vocal performance curriculum, participated in this study. Following nine months of vocal training, significant differences were revealed in the subjects' mean frequency range and minimum vocal intensity across frequency levels. There was no significant difference for the mean maximum vocal intensity across frequency levels following vocal training.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Where is a singer's voice if it is placed "forward"?

Singing teachers sometimes characterize voice quality in terms of "forward" and "backward" placement. In view of our traditional knowledge about voice production it is hard to explain any possible acoustic or articulatory differences between the voices so "placed." The analysis of the teachers' expert opinions demonstrates that, in general, a voice placed "forward" indicates a desirable quality that students should attain by the end of their studies. Productions that were perceived as "forward" and "backward" were selected from the listening test. The acoustic analysis of those productions reveals that the voice quality in the case of "forward" placement correlates with higher frequencies of the second (F2) and third (F3) formants, as well as with a more salient "singer's formant" in the voice. The five basic vowels were included in the investigation.

Female↗
PubMed1995

The value of vocal function exercises in the practice regimen of singers.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of isometric-isotonic vocal function exercises, practiced regularly for 4 weeks, on parameters of voice production in the healthy singer. A total of 20 university graduate-level voice majors of similar age and vocal training were divided into experimental and control groups, each containing 3 men and 7 women. Each group continued their regular singing practice regimen and the experimental group added the vocal function exercise program. Assessment included acoustic and aerodynamic measures, videostroboscopic ratings, and subjective evaluations. Experimental subjects demonstrated significant improvements in posttest aerodynamic measures of flow rate, phonation volume, and maximum phonation times, suggesting an increase in glottal efficiency.

Acoustics↗
PubMed1995

Average speaking fundamental frequency in soprano singers with and without symptoms of vocal attrition.

Nineteen trained soprano singers aged 18-30 years vocalized tasks designed to assess average speaking fundamental frequency (SFF) during spontaneous speaking and reading. Vocal range and perceptual characteristics while singing with low intensity and high frequency were also assessed, and subjects completed a survey of vocal habits/symptoms. Recorded signals were digitized prior to being analyzed for SFF using the Kay Computerized Speech Lab program. Subjects were assigned to a normal voice or impaired voice group based on ratings of perceptual tasks and survey results. Data analysis showed group differences in mean SFF, no differences in vocal range, higher mean SFF values for reading than speaking, and 58% ability to perceive speaking in low pitch. The role of speaking in too low pitch as causal for vocal symptoms and need for voice classification differentiation in vocal performance studies are discussed.

Adolescent↗