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PubMed2025

PSIA: A Comprehensive Knowledgebase of Plant Self-incompatibility.

Self-incompatibility (SI) is an important genetic mechanism in angiosperms that prevents inbreeding and promotes outcrossing, with significant implications for crop breeding, including genetic diversity, hybrid seed production, and yield optimization. In eudicots, SI is typically governed by a single S-locus containing tightly linked pistil and pollen S-determinant genes. Despite major advances in SI research, a centralized, comprehensive resource for SI-related genomic data remains lacking. To address this gap, we developed the Plant Self-Incompatibility Atlas (PSIA), a systematically curated knowledgebase providing an extensive compilation of plant SI, including genomic resources for SI species, S gene annotations, molecular mechanisms, phylogenetic relationships, and comparative genomic analyses. The current release of PSIA includes over 500 genome assemblies from 469 SI species. Using known S genes as queries, we manually identified and rigorously curated 3700 S genes. PSIA provides detailed S-locus information from assembled genomes of SI species and offers an interactive platform for browsing, BLAST searches, S gene analysis, and data retrieval. Additionally, PSIA serves as a unique platform for comparative genomic studies of S-loci, facilitating exploration of the dynamic processes underlying the origin, loss, and regain of SI. As a comprehensive and user-friendly resource, PSIA will greatly advance our understanding of angiosperm SI and serve as a valuable tool for crop breeding and hybrid seed production. PSIA is freely available at http://www.plantsi.cn.

Self-Incompatibility in Flowering Plants↗
PubMed2003

Effects of electrical stunning frequency and voltage combinations on the presence of engorged blood vessels in goose liver.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of nine electrical stunning methods using various frequency and voltage combinations on the occurrence of engorged blood vessels in goose liver. Two hundred seventy Gourmaud geese (liver-type line SI 14) were slaughtered at 12 wk of age, in groups of 90 at three different times. Thirty birds each were subjected to one of the nine stunning methods. Neck cutting was performed immediately after stunning. The duration of exsanguination was 11 min. After completion of bleeding, the birds were scalded, defeathered manually, and kept refrigerated. At 1 d postmortem, the carcasses were eviscerated and cut up. From the slaughterhouse, the livers chilled in ice were transported to the cannery where they were weighed and graded at 2 d postmortem and were further processed. All of the veins and capillaries full of blood were removed from livers, because their presence was a hazard to product quality by causing discoloration of the canned liver, and the percentage of liver weight loss was then determined. The loss in liver weight due to removal of engorged blood vessels was reduced (P < 0.05) at 350 Hz, 70 to 90 V, and 80 to 85 mA when compared to the results obtained with any other stunning method tested. It was concluded that the use of high-frequency currents for electrical stunning of liver geese might have considerable commercial advantages.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Biomechanical comparison of various emergency stabilization measures of the pelvic ring].

Massive bleeding with shock is still the most frequent reason for early death after complex pelvic trauma. For hemostasis, fracture stabilization in the pelvic ring is an important aspect. By use of the external fixator and introduction of emergency pelvic c-clamps, attempts were made to include pelvic ring stabilization on the early resuscitation algorithm. This biomechanical study compared a simple anterior external fixator (one supraacetabular pin on each side), the emergency pelvic c-clamp (Ganz) and the Browner modification of the clamp ("ACE clamp"). Two fresh-frozen human cadaver pelves were loaded in a one-leg stance model. The displacement and rotations on the site with the fracture were measured with a 3D measurement system. Fracture models included a Tile type B injury and two Tile type C instabilities (pure SI dislocation; transforaminal sacrum fracture). In type B injuries all methods withstood loading with 100% of the body weight (640/700 N). In C-type injuries with SI dislocation the external fixator showed no significant holding force, whereas the two c-clamps withstood loading of 112 N and 160 N. In the transforaminal fracture model no one method withstood a load of more than 40 N. The combination of the clamps with the external fixator increased the holding strength to 66 N and 103 N. Although a single-leg-stance model does not reflect the emergency situation, in which the patient is normally in a supine position, the data recorded are comparable to those observed in earlier investigations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1993

[Evaluation of lumbar vertebral bone marrow changes with MR imaging].

Seven hundred nine magnetic resonance (MR) imaging studies of the lumbar spine were reviewed to assess the signal intensity (SI) changes in vertebral bone marrow. Marrow changes were classified into four types according to their SI changes on T 1-weighted images (T 1-WI) and T 2-WI. Type 1 changes (decreased SI on T 1-WI and increased SI on T 2-WI) were identified in 28 patients (3.9%), type 2 changes (increased SI on T 1-WI and isointense or slightly increased SI on T 2-WI) in 184 (26%), type 3 changes (decreased SI on both T 1-, T 2-WI) in 71 (10%), and type 4 changes (linearly increased SI on T 1-WI in the center of the vertebral body) in 142 (20%). Plain radiographs showed sclerotic changes in patients with type 3. In patients with type 1 or 4 changes, no focal abnormalities were observed. Histological evaluation of type 1 change revealed fibrous tissue including cartilaginous formation. Focal replacement by fatty tissue was observed in type 2 and type 4 changes. Bone sclerosis was observed in type 4 change. Type 1, type 2 and type 3 changes, which occurred commonly in the old and in the lower lumbar levels, appear to reflect a spectrum of degenerative changes of the bone marrow including both pathological and physiological ones.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

A novel alternative splicing isoform of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 bZIP factor (HBZ-SI) targets distinct subnuclear localization.

Adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) is associated with prior infection with human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1); however, the mechanism by which HTLV-1 causes adult T-cell leukemia has not been fully elucidated. Recently, a functional basic leucine zipper (bZIP) protein coded in the minus strand of HTLV-1 genome (HBZ) was identified. We report here a novel isoform of the HTLV-1 bZIP factor (HBZ), HBZ-SI, identified by means of reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) in conjunction with 5' and 3' rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). HBZ-SI is a 206-amino-acid-long protein and is generated by alternative splicing between part of the HBZ gene and a novel exon located in the 3' long terminal repeat of the HTLV-1 genome. Consequently, these isoforms share >95% amino acid sequence identity, and differ only at their N termini, indicating that HBZ-SI is also a functional protein. Duplex RT-PCR and real-time quantitative RT-PCR analyses showed that the mRNAs of these isoforms were expressed at equivalent levels in all ATL cell samples examined. Nonetheless, we found by Western blotting that the HBZ-SI protein was preferentially expressed in some ATL cell lines examined. A key finding was obtained from the subcellular localization analyses of these isoforms. Despite their high sequence similarity, each isoform was targeted to distinguishable subnuclear structures. These data show the presence of a novel isoform of HBZ in ATL cells, and in addition, shed new light on the possibility that each isoform may play a unique role in distinct regions in the cell nucleus.

Alternative Splicing↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Psychometric properties of component and global measures of structured interview assessed type A behavior in a population sample.

Structured interview (SI) assessments of global and component Type A behavior were conducted in a general population sample of 903 respondents. Correlations among all the measures were positive and significant. A factor analysis revealed that the common component variance was explained by a single underlying factor. Interrater reliabilities were approximately 0.5 to 0.7 for the individual components and 0.8 for both the SI global Type A and a second global measure that was assigned independently by assessors who did the component scoring. Prediction of the SI-assessed global measure from the components accounted for 56% of the variance, and prediction of the second global measure from the components accounted for about 83% of the variance. Implications of the psychometric properties of the SI component and global measures of Type A behavior for future research are discussed.

Humans↗
PubMed2000

Electromyographic study of the striated urethral sphincter in type 3 stress incontinence: evidence of myogenic-dominant damages.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the electromyographic features of the striated urethral sphincter in patients with type 3 stress incontinence (SI) due to intrinsic sphincteric deficiency (ISD). METHODS: We performed electromyography (EMG) of the striated urethral sphincter muscle and urodynamic studies in a total of 51 women, 41 female patients with type 3 SI and 10 women with normal urinary control (NUC). The results were analyzed in both groups, and the correlation of EMG findings with the patient characteristics and urodynamic parameters was evaluated. RESULTS: Motor unit potentials (MUP) of SI patients showed significantly shorter duration (P = 0.0014), lower amplitude (P = 0.0008), and larger number of phases (P = 0.0022) compared with those in the NUC group. Thirty (73%) of the SI patients showed an obvious low amplitude (less than 350 microV)/short duration (less than 4.5 milliseconds)/polyphasic pattern and early recruitment of interference activity with low amplitude at voluntary contraction of the striated sphincter, both indicating existence of myogenic damages. These patients showing myogenic damages had significantly lower Valsalva leak point pressure (P = 0.002) and more leakage in the pad-weigh test (P = 0.010) compared with the SI patients without myogenic damage findings. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggested that myogenic-dominant damages of the striated urethral sphincter may contribute to the etiology of ISD in most patients with type 3 SI.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Component analysis of the type A coronary-prone behavior pattern in male and female college students.

Two studies investigated the psychological dimensions encompassed by the Rosenman Structured Interview (SI) method of assessing the Type A behavior pattern. In Study 1, female students completed the SI and Jenkins Activity Survey (JAS). Factor analysis of the verbal stylistic and answer content components of the SI yielded a 5-factor solution, with one factor--Clinical Rating--accounting for most nonerror variance in Type A ratings. The remaining factors were derived from answer content and correlated more substantially with JAS Type A ratings than with SI Type A ratings. In Study 2, male and female college students completed the SI and JAS and a battery of questionnaires that tap trait dimensions implied by the conceptual definition of Type A. For both males and females, SI ratings of Type A could almost be completely predicted by scores on the Clinical Rating factor. For both sexes, content dimensions of the SI related to other measures of Type A and to Type A-consistent traits, whereas the Clinical Rating factor was only modestly associated with such traits. Moreover, sex differences were observed in the trait constellations composing SI and JAS definitions of Type A. These results suggest that a discrepancy exists between conceptual and operational definitions of the Type A pattern.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Coronary-prone behavior pattern and cardiovascular response in persons with and without coronary heart disease.

The purpose of this investigation was to examine the psychophysiologic responses of Type A and Type B individuals, among persons with and without coronary heart disease (CHD). Subjects were 58 adult male volunteers; 24 had a history of myocardial infarction or clinically diagnosed angina pectoris (CHD) and 34 had been designated free of coronary disease following recent cardiologic examination (non-CHD). All subjects had normotensive resting blood pressures; among CHD patients, no subject was currently on beta-adrenergic blocking medication. Measures of heart rate (HR) and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP) were obtained during a baseline period and while subjects performed a series of difficult and frustrating cognitive tasks. Each subject was also administered the Structured Interview for Type A--Type B assessment (SI) and the Jenkins Activity Survey (JAS). Results indicated that, independent of the A/B typology, CHD patients experienced significantly greater DBP elevations during the experimental tasks than did non-CHD controls. Type A subjects (as determined by the SI) exhibited greater task-related increases in SBP and DBP than did Type Bs, but changes in HR did not differ between these two groups. Type A--Type B assessments based on the JAS were unrelated to subjects SBP, DBP, or HR responses, and neither SI- nor JAS-defined Type As differed reliably from Type Bs on measures of task performance. Overall, these results are consistent with the hypothesis that heightened cardiovascular reactivity under stress may mediate relationships between behavioral factors and CHD.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1987

Morphine selectively suppresses the slow response of tooth pulp-driven neurons in first somatosensory cortex (SI) of the cat.

Tooth pulp-driven (TPD) neurons are found in the oral area of the first somatosensory cortex (SI) and they have been classified into fast (F-) type, slow (S-) type and fast type accompanied by afterdischarges (Fa). Effects of morphine on single unit responses of the F- and S-type neurons to pulp stimulation were examined by recording the discharges from a single neuron using a microelectrode. Intraperitoneal administration of morphine at 1.5 mg/kg markedly suppressed the response of S-type TPD neurons that fire with a long latency. This effect was completely reversed by naloxone at 0.2 mg/kg. On the other hand, the discharges of F-type neurons that fire with a short latency were not affected by application of morphine at 3 mg/kg. These findings suggest that S-type neurons in SI are concerned with pain perception.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Clinical indications and biological mechanisms of splenic irradiation in chronic leukaemias and myeloproliferative disorders.

Splenic irradiation (SI) was the first efficient treatment for chronic leukaemia, but with the emergence of effective drugs its use has been more and more restricted to advanced cases presenting with splenomegaly. But in selected patients who are not responsive or not suitable to drug treatment, SI may offer still an effective, low toxic and cost-effective palliative modality. Eight studies of SI in chronic lymphatic leukaemia (CLL) including 198 patients, six reports about SI in prolymphocytic leukaemia (PLL), including 18 patients, one study and six case reports about SI in hairy cell leukaemia (HCL) and nine studies about SI in myeloproliferative disorders has been analyzed. In CLL, symptoms of splenomegaly have been improved in 50-87% of all patients with overall doses between 4 and 10 Gy in mostly 1-Gy fractions. PLL seems to be more resistant to SI with a median response rate of 66%. Casuistic reports described also efficacy of SI in HCL patients using similar radiation schedules. Symptomatic relief is also provided by SI in myeloproliferative disorders using lower overall doses between 1 and 9 Gy with small single fractions of 0.25 Gy (median). Acute toxicity was low in lymphoid disorders, but higher in myeloproliferative disorders with severe cytopenia in 10-30% of all cases, indicating the need for a cautious fractionation schedule. Interestingly, even complete systemic remissions after SI in all types of lymphoproliferative disorders have been described. Different mechanisms underlying SI such as direct cell kill, immune modulation via changes in lymphocyte subsets or cytokine induction or "radiotherapeutic" splenectomy with high doses are discussed.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed2005

New types of unstable step-flow growth on Si(111)-(7 x 7) during molecular beam epitaxy: scaling and universality.

New types of unstable homoepitaxial growth of vicinal surfaces are studied using ex situ atomic force microscopy. The growth features are two types of step bunching with straight step edges between 700 and 775 degrees C and one type of simultaneous bunching and meandering at 800 degrees C. The results of a quantitative size scaling analysis of the straight steps are discussed from the perspective of universality classes in bunching theory.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2004

Comparison of series 5 gas chromatography column performances from a variety of manufacturers for separation of chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans using high-resolution mass spectrometry.

An extended study of seven fused silica capillary gas chromatographic (GC) columns has been conducted with regard to separation of international toxic equivalent factor (I-TEF) isomers (tetra- through octa-chlorinated at 2,3,7,8 positions) of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDDs/PCDFs) from closely co-eluted other isomers using high-resolution gas chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC-HRMS). The data are explicated in mass chromatograms of Series 5 GC columns from a variety of manufacturers (Varian CP-Sil 8 CB LowBleed/MS, Phenomenex ZB-5UMS, Agilent HP-5MS, Restek Rtx-5MS, Supelco Equity-5, J&W Scientific DB-5 and DB-5MS), according to relative retention times, and 2,3,7,8-substituted isomer concentrations for each of the columns tested. Results showed differences between 5% phenyl methyl silicone and 5% silphenylene (Si-arylene) silicone polymer type GC stationary phases in separation of 2,3,7,8-substituted PCDDs/PCDFs from closely co-eluted isomers. The separation differences for Si-arylene type columns resulted in lower toxic equivalence (TEQ) values compared to the siloxane-based columns. Because of differences in product nomenclature and manufacturing practices by various manufacturers, incorrect assumptions and comparisons may be made regarding the interchangeability of these columns for PCCD/PCDF separations. The data presented are the most comprehensive to date and provide a valuable addition to operational criteria for the standard US Environmental Protection Agency methods 1613b and 8290.

Benzofurans↗