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At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Large-cell calcifying Sertoli cell tumour of the testis: associated organ anomalies.

A case is reported of unilateral, focal large-cell calcifying Sertoli cell tumour (LCCSCT) of the testis associated with complex endocrine disorders and cardiac myxomas. It is believed that there are two distinct groups of patients with this tumour: those who have complex dysplastic syndromes and bilateral and multifocal tumours; and those without any syndromes but who have unilateral and focal tumours. The presented case differs in that, although the patient has a unilateral focal tumour, unique organ anomalies, such as renal agenesis and inferior vena cava duplication, are also present. These anomalies with LCCSCT have not been reported before.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1999

A case of large cell calcifying Sertoli cell tumor in a child with a history of nasal myxoid tumor in infancy.

A case of an 8-year-old Japanese boy with a testicular large cell calcifying Sertoli cell tumor (LCCSCT) is presented. This report appears to be the first Japanese case of LCCSCT. The patient presented with left testicular swelling and gynecomastia. His family history was not contributory; however, his past history was remarkable for a benign myxoid tumor in the nasal cavity, which was removed at the age of 2 months. After removal of the testicular tumor, the gynecomastia disappeared gradually and no recurrence or metastasis developed during a 15 month follow-up period. Although the tumor was initially interpreted as a Leydig cell tumor, a review of the slides after the patient's past history of nasal myxoid tumor was revealed led us to the diagnosis of LCCSCT. An accurate diagnosis of LCCSCT is crucial because this tumor is occasionally associated with Carney complex, which can comprise various pathological conditions, including cardiac myxoma, that may be life-threatening. Myxoma of Carney complex has been described to occur in the heart, skin, oral cavity and breast in a wide age range, but there have been no reports referring to nasal myxoid tumor associated with Carney complex.

Calcinosis↗
PubMed2001

Testicular-sparing surgery for the prepubertal testicular tumor. Experience of two cases with large cell calcifying Sertoli cell tumors.

PURPOSE: We review prepubertal germ cell tumors of testis in our institute and the Japanese registry and present 2 cases with a large cell calcifying Sertoli cell tumor (LCCSCT) and discuss the possibility of testis-sparing surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Incidence, age, pathology and clinical stages of prepubertal germ cell tumors are surveyed for 30 years at our department and 10 years of the malignant tumor registry of the Japanese Society of Pediatric Surgery. Two representative prepubertal boys with LCCSCT are presented. One of them was treated by partial orchiectomy. RESULTS: The majority of testicular germ cell tumors in the prepubertal age were composed of embryonal cell carcinoma/yolk sac tumors or teratoma, occurred in preschool age, were limited to clinical stage I and did not metastasize irrespective of histology. Benign behavior which included recovery from hormonal derangement, no tumor recurrence and negative antisperm antigen was observed in 2 cases with LCCSCT who underwent either radical orchiectomy or partial orchiectomy. CONCLUSION: Partial orchiectomy should be considered as a standard option in prepubertal schoolboys with a testicular mass if surgically feasible. This surgical treatment is safe and preserves fertility and is psychologically advantageous. It is not recommended for yolk sac tumors that may recur, however they are rare in prepubertal boys and can be differentiated preoperatively by prudent evaluation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Alterations of DNA methylation patterns in germ cells and Sertoli cells from developing mouse testis.

In situ alterations of DNA methylation were studied between 14 d postcoitum and 4 d postpartum in Sertoli cells and germ cells from mouse testis, using anti-5-methylcytosine antibodies. Compared to cultured fibroblasts, Sertoli cells display strongly methylated juxtacentromeric heterochromatin, but hypomethylated chromatids. Germ cells always possess hypomethylated heterochromatin, whereas their euchromatin passes from a demethylated to a strongly methylated status between days 16 and 17 postcoitum. This hypermethylation occurs in the absence of DNA replication, germ cells being blocked in the G(0)-G(1) phase from day 15 postcoitum to birth. The DNA hypermethylation of germ cells is maintained until birth and could be visualized on both chromatids of metaphase chromosomes at the first postpartum cell division. Subsequently, the DNA hypermethylation is lost semiconservatively, being replaced by a methylation pattern recalling the typical fibroblast pattern. These alterations of DNA methylation follow a strict chronology, are chromosome structure and cell-type dependent, and may underlie profound changes of genome function.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Inhibition of the luteinizing hormone-dependent induction of cholesterol side chain cleavage enzyme in immature rat Leydig cells by Sertoli cell products.

The modulation of the luteinizing hormone (LH) induction of cholesterol side chain cleavage (CSCC) enzyme in immature rat Leydig cells was studied using rat Sertoli cell-conditioned medium (SCCM), which stimulates short-term endogenous steroid production. Luteinizing hormone increased the CSCC enzyme activity 10-fold in cells cultured for 7 days in the absence of hormones. This enzyme induction was abolished almost completely in the presence of SCCM. The inhibition was dose dependent (half-maximal effect at 5 mg protein/l) and paralleled by a decrease in the amount of cytochrome P-450scc (P-450scc) enzyme. There were no indications for loss of cell viability. The inhibitory action of SCCM could be localized at the level of adenylate cyclase activation and at steps beyond cyclic adenosine monophosphate production. The inhibition was not specific for Sertoli cell products because conditioned media from different cell lines and media from isolated rat hepatocytes displayed similar effects. Trypsin treatment of SCCM destroyed the activity whereas the bioactivity could resist heating for 5 min at 100 degrees C. Generally occurring (growth) factors, such as epidermal growth factor or tumor necrosis factor alpha, may have contributed to the observed inhibitory effects of SCCM. These inhibitory effects of Sertoli cell products in vitro are in contrast to stimulatory effects of Sertoli cells on Leydig cell steroidogenesis in vivo after FSH administration.

Adenylyl Cyclases↗
PubMed2005

Stage and season effects on cell cycle and apoptotic activities of germ cells and Sertoli cells during spermatogenesis in the spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias).

To understand the processes involved in the spatial and temporal maturation of testicular cells in Squalus acanthias, we used standard morphometry, proliferating-cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labelling (TUNEL) immunohistochemistry. Except for immature spermatocysts (germinal zone, GZ; early-stage pre-meiotic, E-PrM), the number of cysts in all subsequent stages and the total number of cysts in the spermatogenic progression varied seasonally. The spermatogenic cycle spans about 2 years and is interrupted by germcell clone deletion via apoptosis at the mitosis-meiosis transition in April/May, manifesting as a zone of degeneration (ZD). Rate of displacement of the ZD across the testis diameter indicates that late-stage premeiotic (L-PrM) generations 12-13 require 9-10 months to reach the mature-spermatid stage. Also, the number of cysts completing spermatogenesis is approximately 4-5-fold less than the number that entered spermatogenesis proper 2 years earlier. Pronounced gonocytogenesis in the germinal ridge was coincident with ZD formation in April/May, but it was absent in the fall when mature spermatogonial and meiotic activities had resumed. Whereas strong Sertoli cell PCNA immunoreactivity dominated the GZ cyst cell-cycle activities throughout the year, except during the spring/summer months, the spermatogonial- and Sertoli-cell PCNA indices in E-PrM cysts were inversely related. PCNA immunoreactivity in spermatocytes was seasonal and dependent on the stage of meiosis. TUNEL labelling was limited to spermatogonia and increased stage-dependently in the PrM region (L-PrM = mid-stage PrM >>E-PrM >>GZ), correlating with ZD formation, in a season-dependent manner. Results imply that effects of normal regulatory factors in Squalus are stage- and process-specific.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Expression of clusterin/sulfated glycoprotein-2 under conditions of heat stress in rat Sertoli cells and a mouse Sertoli cell line.

Clusterin is the major protein produced by rat Sertoli cells and is deposited onto sperm membranes; however, its function is unknown. In order to gain insight into the regulation of clusterin in Sertoli cells, the objective of the present study was to develop a model where the expression of clusterin could be affected in Sertoli cells in vitro. Rat Sertoli cells and mouse Sertoli cells (MSC1) were cultured under heat stress conditions (41 degrees C) for up to 48 hours. The mRNA for clusterin in Sertoli cells was compared to that in human epitheliod cancer cells (A431) to determine if clusterin expression was regulated in a lestis-specific manner. The mRNA for heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) was also examined as it is a known stress-regulated gene. Expression of HSP70 mRNA was increased in all three cell types by 4 hours after the start of heat stress. Clusterin mRNA was increased over that of controls by 4 hours in heat-stressed A431 cells but did not significantly increase in MSC1 or Sertoli cells until 12 hours (P < 0.05). The induction of clusterin mRNA in MSC1 cells continued for at least 48 hours and required the sustained exposure of cells to the 41 degrees C temperature. The increase in the amount of clusterin mRNA was not due to an increase in transcript half-life, as determined by the addition of actinomycin D to the media of control vs. heat-stressed MSC1 cells. From the development of this in vitro model, we have seen that the timing of induction of clusterin by heat stress is Sertoli cell specific and is different than that of HSP70. This response in surviving cells during heat stress may be protective in that clusterin would bind to toxic compounds or solubilize cellular debris released by degenerating cells.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Selected enzyme histochemistry of Sertoli cells. 2. Adult rat Sertoli cells in co-culture with peritubular fibroblasts.

Sertoli cells and peritubular fibroblasts were collected from sexually mature Wistar rats and incubated by themselves (ASC) or in co-culture (AS/PC) for ten days with or without follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). Freshly collected cells and those of the ASC and AS/PC cultures were processed for histochemical detection of three esterases and four dehydrogenases. The relative staining intensities of azo dye and formazan reaction products were recorded for the cell cultures, co-cultures and appropriate controls. Freshly collected Sertoli cells stained heavily for lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), succinic dehydrogenase (SDH), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH), non-specific esterase (Est.) and 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 beta-OLDH). For Sertoli cells alone in culture (ASC) there was a marked decline of enzyme reaction product deposition/cell for LDH and Est. and absence of cellular staining for SDH, G-G-PDH, B-Est. and 3 beta-OLDH. The addition of FSH did not change this histochemical staining pattern for the adult cells in vitro. The presence of peritubular cells in adult Sertoli cell cultures (AS/PC) resulted in the maintenance of metabolic enzyme staining (i.e., LDH, SDH, G-6-PDH and Est.) in Sertoli cells, minimal staining for B-Est., but absence of detectable enzyme reaction product for 3 beta-OLDH. Sertoli cells co-cultured with other fibroblasts or in medium pre-conditioned with peritubular cells but not containing them stained minimally for LDH and Est. and did not generate reaction product for any of the other enzymes. The addition of FSH to the AS/PT co-culture as in the ASC cultures did not affect the enzyme histochemical staining profile of Sertoli cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aging↗
PubMed1999

A novel testicular haploid expressed gene (THEG) involved in mouse spermatid-sertoli cell interaction.

The successful production of male gametes requires extensive and precise interactions between germ cells and surrounding testicular somatic cells. We have made use of the mRNA differential display technique to isolate genes involved in germ cell-Sertoli cell interaction. We have identified five differential cDNA bands by comparing RNA from Sertoli cells, spermatids and spermatid-Sertoli cell cocultures. One of the isolated cDNA fragments detected a 1. 4-kilobase (kb) testis- and spermatid-specific transcript (designated as THEG: testicular haploid expressed gene). Northern blot analysis on RNA from spermatids and spermatid-Sertoli cell cocultures demonstrated that Sertoli cells are required for the continued expression of THEG in spermatids. We found two alternatively spliced transcripts for the THEG gene with 1437 base pairs (bp) and 1375 bp by using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The two open reading frames of 376 amino acids and 181 amino acids coded for putative nuclear proteins. The gene is approximately 10 kb pairs in size, contains 8 exons, and was mapped on mouse chromosome 10 to region B5-C1. Comparison of the two cDNA sequences with the genomic sequence indicated that the smaller transcript lacks exon 4. The differential gene expression of THEG in spermatid-Sertoli cell coculture supports the relevance of germ cell-Sertoli cell interaction for gene regulation during spermatogenesis.

Alternative Splicing↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Selected enzyme histochemistry of Sertoli cells. 1. Immature rat Sertoli cells in vitro.

Sertoli cells were collected from the testes of 21 day old, sexually immature Wistar rats. The cells were then incubated for 10 or 14 days in culture medium with or without the addition of FSH. This time period corresponds to the time period in vivo when rat Sertoli cells undergo active differentiation with concomitant histochemical and morphological changes. Cells cultured 10 and 14 days after initial plating were processed for the histochemical detection of three esterases and four dehydrogenases by observing relative staining intensities of azo dye precipitation and formazan reaction product, respectively. Appropriate controls were established. The presence of FSH mildly increased the staining activity of LDH, SDH and G-6-PDH in both 10 and 14 day cultured cells. However, SDH staining intensity/cell did not increase to surpass LDH staining intensity/cell as it does in vivo during this period of time. Addition of FSH also slightly increased staining of non-specific esterase. Type B esterase and 3 beta-ol DH activity was not evident in 10 and 14 day cultured cells, even in the presence of FSH. Our results indicate that, based on histochemical parameters, immature Sertoli cells do not mature in culture commensurate with the cell in vivo.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Study of the interaction between germ cells and Sertoli cells in vitro.

The nature of membrane components involved in the binding between Sertoli cells and pachytene spermatocytes in culture and the metabolic requirements for the binding to occur have been studied. Mild proteolytic digestion of germ cells by trypsin completely inhibited adhesion of germ cells to somatic monolayer. Protein synthesis and glycosylation were required to restore the adhesive properties of trypsin-treated germ cells, showing that surface molecules involved in the binding are glycoproteins. Trypsinization of germ cells after labelling causes a great reduction of several bands which become detectable again after 12 h of recovery from trypsin digestion. Among these, two bands with apparent molecular weight (MW) of 78 000 and 51 000 could be candidate components in cell adhesion.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Testicular juvenile granulosa cell and Sertoli cell tumours: a clinicopathological study of 29 cases from the Kiel Paediatric Tumour Registry.

Testicular Sertoli cell tumours (SCT) and juvenile granulosa cell tumours (JGCT) are rare in childhood. This study was designed to investigate the clinical picture, morphology and disease course in a comparatively large series of cases (total number = 29). Of 198 cases of childhood testicular tumour documented in the Kiel Paediatric Tumour Registry 18 were cases of infantile SCT (9.1%) and 11 of JGCT (5.6%). The average age at the time of diagnosis was 4.2 months for infantile SCT and 0.4 months for IGCT. SCT and JGCT often showed infiltrative growth into adjacent testicular tissue, dense cellularity and considerable proliferation activity. Immunohistochemically all cases expressed vimentin intermediate filaments in both tumour types. Next in frequency of expression were cytokeratins (SCT: 7/16; JGCT: 7/10) and smooth-muscle actin (SCT: 9/15; JGCT: 4/10). Follow-up studies (24/29) showed that in cases of tumour manifestation in infancy and after complete tumour removal (usually orchiectomy) no local recurrences and no metastases occurred. The most important conclusion for diagnosis and therapy is that despite infiltrative growth, incomplete differentiation, dense cellularity and considerable proliferation activity, after surgical excision infantile SCT and JGCT have a good prognosis. Adjuvant chemotherapy or more extensive operations with lymphadenectomy are thus not indicated.

Actins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Biological model of accelerated senescence. II. Age-related changes in the number of developing male germ cells and Sertoli cells in gonads of senescence-accelerated mice].

It was shown that in immature three- to four-week-old mice prone to accelerated senescence (SAMP1 strain), the number of spermatogonia, pachytene spermatocytes, and circular spermatids exceeded that in mice resistant to accelerated senescence (SAMR1 strain) by more than two times. Differences were found in the pattern of age-related changes in the number of meiotic and postmeiotic cells in the sexually mature SAMP1 and SAMR1 mice. In the gonads of SAMP1 and SAMR1 mice, the number of Sertoli cells was unstable.

Aging↗
PubMed1980

Large-cell calcifying Sertoli cell tumor of the testis.

Ten cases of a distinctive testicular neoplasm characterized by large cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm and calcification are reported together with two similar cases from the literature. A Sertoli cell origin of these tumors was established by their architectural and cytologic characteristics, as well as their frequent growth within seminiferous tubules. A high association was found with unusual features, including bilaterality (six cases), multifocality (six cases), complex endocrine disorders, (three cases), and familial occurrence and cardiac myxoma (two cases). Eleven of the 12 cases had benign courses, but one was associated with metastases that caused death.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Age-dependence of the rat Leydig cell and Sertoli cell function. Development of the peripheral testosterone level and its relation to mitochondrial and microsomal cytochromes P-450 and to androgen-binding protein.

The first part of this study compares peripheral testosterone levels with intratesticular levels of the cytochromes P-450 of two key enzymes of androgen biosynthesis, i.e. mitochondrial cholesterol monooxygenase (P-450(cscc)) and microsomal steroid-17 alpha-monooxygenase (P-450(C17 alpha)) during puberty and early adulthood of male Wistar rats. From 4 to 10 weeks of age, the testosterone level increases 8.7-fold, the P-450(C17 alpha) level 8.3-fold, but the P-450(cscc) level 24.5-fold as an indication of specific induction of this protein. From 13 to 50 weeks of age, the testosterone level remains constant, the P-450(cscc) level increases continuously by a factor of 1.4, but 62% of the P-450(C17 alpha) content are lost. This discrepancy is explained by a divergent regulation of the cytochromes P-450 of the two steroid monooxygenases: a persisting induction of P-450(cscc) and a concurrent down-regulation of P-450(C17 alpha) that may be a consequence of the high rate of Leydig cell steroid hydroxylation after puberty. Overlapping of both processes may (probably besides other developmental factors) result in a constant testosterone concentration in blood. The second part of the study compares testicular and epididymal levels of androgen-binding protein (ABP) with the peripheral testosterone level. The peripubertal increase in testicular ABP content is shown to be related only to the increase in testicular mass, whereas a specific accumulation of ABP occurs in the epididymis from 4 to 13 weeks of age. This pattern indicates an increasing secretory activity of the Sertoli cells that remains high during adulthood up to the 50th week.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Age Factors↗
PubMed1985

Demonstration of thiamine pyrophosphatase in human germ cells and Sertoli cells, a histochemical study.

The distribution of thiamine pyrophosphatase (TPPase) was studied in the human testicular biopsy tissue with the help of a modified histochemical gel method. The spermatogonia showed a large round strongly positive reaction zone in the supranuclear region. The pachytene spermatocytes exhibited a large semicircular TPPase reaction zone around the nucleus directing towards the lumen. The early round spermatids were characterized by a small, round, and weak supranuclear reaction zone. The elongated late spermatids were devoid of TPPase activity. The Sertoli cells possessed a "streamer" like formation of strong TPPase activity spreading from basal to apical portion.

Histocytochemistry↗
PubMed1987

Germ cell stimulation of Sertoli cell protein phosphorylation.

Cultures of Sertoli cells were treated with freshly isolated, intact germ cells to determine if germ cells were capable of influencing Sertoli cell function. By using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography, germ cells were found to increase several-fold the incorporation of [32P]orthophosphate into two phosphoproteins (which we term germ cell-dependent phosphoproteins 1 and 2 or GC1 and GC2) of Sertoli cells. Increased phosphorylation of GC1 and GC2 was rapid, germ cell dose dependent, and calcium dependent. The increased phosphorylation of GC1 appears to involve calmodulin-dependent protein kinase, while phosphorylation of GC2 appears to involve the activation of calcium/phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C). Medium conditioned by germ cells was capable of eliciting the same response in Sertoli cells. Germ cells had no effect on the phosphorylation of proteins in Chinese hamster ovarian cells, but did result in increased phosphorylation of a protein in TR-ST cells, which migrated similarly to GC1 of Sertoli cells. Neither Chinese hamster ovarian nor TR-ST cells had any effect on Sertoli cell protein phosphorylation. These results indicate that germ cells may be directly involved in the local regulation of Sertoli cell function within the seminiferous epithelium. The results further suggest that the mechanism of germ cell-Sertoli cell interaction involves the mobilization of intracellular calcium, activation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase, and protein kinase C. We infer from these results that germ cell-Sertoli cell interaction may operate via hydrolysis of Sertoli cell membrane phophatidylinositols.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Development of the conditionally immortalized testicular Sertoli cell line TTE3 expressing Sertoli cell specific genes from mice transgenic for temperature sensitive simian virus 40 large T antigen gene.

PURPOSE: We developed and characterized a conditionally immortalized testicular Sertoli cell line from transgenic mice bearing the temperature sensitive simian virus 40 large T antigen gene pSVtsA58. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Established cells from 8-week-old male transgenic mice were cultured at a permissive (33C) or nonpermissive (39C) temperature on a collagen type I pre-coated culture vessel. The expression of Sertoli cell specific proteins was analyzed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, immunocytochemical testing and Western blot analysis. RESULTS: The Sertoli cell line TTE3 grew at 33C but not at 39C. Large T antigen was expressed only in the nuclei at 33C, indicating that the temperature sensitive growth phenotype of the cells arose as a result of the function of temperature sensitive simian virus 40 large T antigen. The cells did not show any colony forming activity in soft agar or form tumors in subcutaneous tissue in nude mice, showing that TTE3 cells were not transformed. The cells expressed messenger RNAs encoding steel factor, inhibin-alpha, transferrin, follicle-stimulating hormone receptor and sulfated glycoprotein-2. Moreover, expression of vimentin and zonula occludens-1 was observed in the cytoplasm and on the boundaries of the cells, respectively. Interestingly expression levels of transferrin and zonula occludens-1 were significantly elevated at 39C. CONCLUSIONS: TTE3 cells with these unique characteristics should serve as a useful model to study the regulation of Sertoli cell function.

Animals↗