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At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Genetic evidence for different migration routes of freshwater fish into Norway revealed by analysis of current perch (Perca fluviatilis) populations in Scandinavia.

To elucidate the colonization of freshwater fish into Norway following the last deglaciation of Europe 10,000 years ago, we have performed a survey using mitochondrial DNA variation (20 populations) and multilocus DNA fingerprinting (14 populations) of the widely distributed perch (Perca fluviatilis) from the Scandinavian peninsula and the Baltic Sea. Sequence analysis of a 378 bp segment of the perch mitochondrial control region (D-loop) revealed 12 different haplotypes. A nested clade analysis was performed with the aim of separating population structure and population history. This analysis revealed strong geographical structuring of the Scandinavian perch populations. In addition, the level of genetic diversity was shown to differ considerably among the various populations as measured by the bandsharing values (S-values) obtained from multilocus DNA fingerprinting, with intrapopulation S-values ranging from 0.19 in Sweden to 0.84 in the central part of Norway. Analysis of the intrapopulation S-values, with S-value as a function of lake surface area and region, showed that these differences were significant. The mitochondrial and DNA fingerprinting data both suggest that the perch colonized Norway via two routes: one from the south following the retreating glacier, and the other through Swedish river systems from the Baltic Sea area. Perch utilizing the southern route colonized the area surrounding Oslofjord and the lakes which shortly after deglaciation were close to the sea. Fish migrating from the Baltic Sea seem to have reached no further than the east side of Oslofjord, where they presumably mixed with perch which had entered via the southern route. It seems likely that the migration events leading to the current distribution of perch also apply to other species of freshwater fish showing a similar distribution pattern.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia in Scandinavia from 1995 to 1998: Predictors of mortality.

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: There is a lack of large contemporary studies on the management of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), and the prediction of mortality remains difficult. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of perinatal factors on mortality rate in a contemporary multicenter study. METHODS: The authors conducted a retrospective multicenter cohort study. Twelve of 13 Scandinavian pediatric surgical centers participated in the study. During a 4-year period (1995 through 1998) 195 children with CDH were included. The main endpoints were hospital mortality rate and total mortality rate (before 2001). Bivariate and multivariate survival analyses were performed using Kaplan-Meier plots, Log-rank test, and Cox regression. RESULTS: Overall hospital mortality rate was 30%. Among 168 neonates with symptoms within 24 hours (early presenters) 35% died before discharge. All 61 deaths occurred in 157 neonates with symptoms within the first 2 hours of life. Among early presenters, 27% had prenatal ultrasound diagnosis, 26% were delivered by cesarean section, and 21% had associated major malformations. Bivariate analysis of early presenters showed increased risk of death in neonates with prenatal diagnosis, associated anomalies, right-sided diaphragmatic hernia (RCDH), low 1-minute and 5-minute Apgar scores, low birth weight, short gestational age, and cesarean delivery. Neonates with prenatal diagnosis were characterized by significantly lower Apgar scores, lower birth weight, and increased frequency of associated anomalies than those diagnosed after birth. Multivariate analysis found that prenatal diagnosis (P =.004), 1-minute Apgar (P =.001), and RCDH (P =.042) were independent predictors of total mortality rate. CONCLUSIONS: In a series of 195 CDH patients, all 61 deaths occurred in the 157 neonates presenting with symptoms within the first 2 hours of life. Prenatal diagnosis, 1-minute Apgar score, and RCDH were significant independent predictors of total mortality.

Cohort Studies↗
PubMed1976

[Assessment of radiologists workload in Scandinavia(author's transl)].

Experience in Sweden, Norway and Finland (University Clinic, Oulu) indicates that the points system instituted by the Scandinavian Association of Radiologists provides a satisfactory means of measuring radiologists' workload. A similar system for assessing radiographic technicians' workload is desirable.

Humans↗
PubMed2002

Differences in antibiotic prescribing patterns between general practitioners in Scandinavia: a questionnaire study.

There has been a dramatic increase in the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria worldwide. In the Scandinavian countries at least 90% of total antibiotic use relates to outpatients and therefore it has become increasingly important to know the antibiotic prescription pattern of general practitioners (GPs) in order to implement and monitor changes in antibiotic prescribing. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prescription patterns of GPs in Denmark, Norway and Sweden. In order to achieve a reasonable comparison, a questionnaire consisting of 7 case reports concerning upper and lower respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections and skin and soft tissue infections was sent to 1,000 GPs in the 3 countries. In general, the guidelines for the treatment of bacterial infections in the individual countries were followed by the responders. In all 3 countries, penicillin V was still the drug most frequently used in upper and lower respiratory tract infections. The greatest difference in prescribing patterns among the countries was seen in the treatment of urinary tract infections, recurrent pharyngeal tonsillitis, acute otitis media and acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis. There were also differences in the dosing regimens, length of treatment and use of diagnostic techniques.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2005

Characterization of a carbapenemase-producing clinical isolate of Bacteroides fragilis in Scandinavia: genetic analysis of a unique insertion sequence.

In 2003 a Bacteroides fragilis blood culture isolate (K2-28) was recovered from a 61-y-old male with severe general atherosclerosis during treatment with meropenem. K2-28 was shown to possess a functional metallo-beta-lactamase with a reduction in imipenem MIC from 256 to 3 mg/l in the presence of EDTA using the MBL E-test strip. PCR results were for positive for the cfiA gene. Analysis of the cfiA from K2-28 revealed it was 100% identical to previously described cfiA-1 genes. Analysis of the upstream region of cfiA revealed a novel insertion sequence (IS) element, being most similar (94% identity) to IS612 recently described from Japan designating the element within the IS4 family. The element possessed a perfect terminal inverted repeat sequence at the distal ends of the IS element and provided a putative promoter for transcription of the cfiA gene. The distance between the hybrid promoter and the cfiA start codon was 158 base pairs and inserted into a different DNA sequence upstream of cfiA to that previously reported. The -10 promoter region was most similar to that of IS613 (100%) and the -35 promoter region to IS612 (100%), demonstrating the plasticity of these genetic regions.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed2005

2,8-dihydroxyadeninuria: are there no cases in Scandinavia?

Homozygosity or mixed heterozygosity for mutations in the adenine phosphoribosyltransferase gene cause enzyme deficiency directing adenine through an alternative metabolic pathway. This results in the production of 2,8-dihydroxyadenine, which is actively secreted into the urine. 2,8-dihydroxyadenine is insoluble at physiological urinary pH but as marked supersaturation is possible the manifestations differ: there may be minimal consequences, there may be infiltration of the tubulointerstitial tissue with acute or chronic damage or there may be stone formation in the urinary tract. Effective treatment can be offered and therefore the prognosis depends upon the renal function at diagnosis. Treatment consists of adequate fluid intake, a low-purine diet and administration of allopurinol. Urinary 2,8-dihydroxyadenine crystals are easily recognized under a microscope. The diagnosis of 2,8-dihydroxyadeninuria can be confirmed by estimation of adenine phosphoribosyltransferase activity in erythrocyte lysates. More than 300 cases of 2,8-dihydroxyadeninuria have been diagnosed worldwide, most of them in Japan, France and Iceland. One case has been reported in Finland but there have been no reports from the Scandinavian peninsula or from Denmark. The relevant mutations may be very rare in these countries but underdiagnosis is also possible.

Adenine↗
PubMed2001

Risk factors for male breast cancer--a case-control study from Scandinavia.

We report a population-based case-control study on risk factors for male breast cancer. Data on a broad range of previously suggested risk factors were collected in a set of Scandinavian breast cancer cases and matched controls. Incident cases (n = 282) with histologically verified carcinomas of the breast were identified from notification to the cancer registries of Denmark, Norway and Sweden over a 4-year period 1987-1991 and of these cases, 156 men could be approached and responded. Controls were identified through national central population registers and were matched individually for country, sex and year of birth. Controls with a diagnosis of breast cancer were excluded; 468 of 780 controls responded. Data on risk factors were collected by self-administered questionnaires mailed to the cases between land 2 years after diagnosis and to controls during the same period. The findings were compatible with an increased risk associated with family history of breast cancer (odds ratio (OR) = 3.3, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.0-5.6), obesity 10 years before diagnosis (OR = 2.1, 95% CI 1.0-4.5) for BMI > 30, diabetes (OR = 2.6, 95% CI 1.3-5.3) and the use of digoxin and methyldopa (OR = 2.0 and 2.1, respectively). The association with family history of breast cancer has been repeated in several studies, while the relation to anthropometric measures has been equivocal. We could not substantiate some associations seen in other studies; namely those with high education, fertility, marital status, testicular injury, liver disease and religion. The detailed questions about gynaecomastia indicated that many cases reported signs of breast cancer as a gynaecomastia. This type of misunderstanding may explain the strong association with gynaecomastia seen in other studies. Several patients died before contact. Thus, risk factors related to a more aggressive male breast cancer or related to high risk of dying (e.g. liver cirrhosis, heavy smoking) may have been missed.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed1998

Ewing's sarcoma treatment in Scandinavia 1984-1990--ten-year results of the Scandinavian Sarcoma Group Protocol SSGIV.

A report on the long-term follow up of the first cooperative Scandinavian Sarcoma Group study in Ewing's sarcoma of bone is presented. Fifty-two previously untreated patients entered the study between 1984 and 1990. Half of the tumors were located in the extremities and one quarter in the pelvis. The combined modality treatment consisted of 5 cycles of chemotherapy--including vincristine, methotrexate, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, bleomycin and dactinomycin. The first two cycles were followed by local resection or amputation in 35 patients and by radiotherapy alone in 17 patients. When surgery was not performed, was incomplete or yielded poor margins radiotherapy was given at a dose of 40-60 Gy. Local tumor relapses developed in 10 patients and in all but one patient were accompanied by metastatic disease. Five patients had metastasis at diagnosis and distant metastases developed after primary treatment in 27 patients after a median of 14 months. The median follow-up time for the 20 surviving patients is 10 years. At 5 years the tumor-related survival was 46% and the metastasis-free survival 43%. Late tumor relapses occurred in 4 patients, which reduced the 10-year tumor related survival to 41% and the metastasis-free survival to 38%. Histopathological tumour response correlated with survival with 5-year metastasis-free survival rates of 73% for the good responders and 35% for the poor responders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Scandinavia and the Bone and Joint Decade 2000-2010. A timely initiative.

Diseases and injuries affecting the locomotor system take a large toll among old and young, and due to changing life style and demographics, the impact will increase in years to come. The Decade of bone and joint 2000-2010 is an umbrella initiative to professionals from different specialities, patient organisations, health industry and not least, governments, to mobilise an offensive against the problems. We need to increase awareness among the public, assess the magnitude of problems, identify effective preventive measures and stimulate research. The decade will be launched in the spring of 2000. We should all help to fill it with meaningful activities.

Bone Diseases↗
PubMed2006

Antimicrobial resistance in Scandinavia after ban of antimicrobial growth promoters.

The banned use of antimicrobial growth promoters resulted in a considerably decreased use of antimicrobials in food animal production in Sweden (65%), Denmark (47%), Norway (40%) and Finland (27%). The current prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in animal bacterial populations is also considerably lower than in some other countries in the EU. In the swine production, no or limited effect was found in the finisher production (>25 to 30 kg). Temporary negative effects occurred during the post weaning period (7-30 kg). In Denmark, the cost of production from birth to slaughter per pig produced increased by approximately 1.0 euro with a high variability between pig producers. In the broiler production the termination had no significant negative effect on animal health and welfare or on production economy.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed1992

PCDD and PCDF in human milk from Scandinavia, with special emphasis on Norway.

Levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDF) were measured in human milk in a collaborative Scandinavian study with 10 samples from each of 7 locations in Norway and Sweden (total 70 samples) and 10 samples from Denmark. Four locations represented areas with different PCDD and PCDF sources and three background areas. Norwegian results are presented and related to the Danish and Swedish values. No geographical differences were found in total dioxins expressed as Nordic TCDD equivalents. Mean equivalent values (pg/g fat basis) were 15-18 in Norway and Denmark and 20-24 in Sweden, lower than those reported from parts of Western Europe but higher than in the undeveloped countries. When looking at the individual compounds, the highest values of PCDD congeners were observed in industrialized areas of Sweden, while the highest PCDF values were found in a Norwegian area known for dioxin contamination from a magnesium-producing factory.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Phenotypic heterogeneity in motor neuron disease patients with CuZn-superoxide dismutase mutations in Scandinavia.

Four-hundred and fifty-one blood samples from Scandinavian patients with motor neuron disease were analysed for mutations in the CuZn-superoxide dismutase gene. Forty-one (9.6%) of the 427 patients with the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) form of the disease were found to have a disease-associated mutation, and 14 of these patients were apparently sporadic cases. A mutation was found in 12 of the 51 families with recognized familial ALS. The five different mutations found (Ala4Val, Val14Gly, Asp76Tyr, Asp90Ala, Gly127insTGGG) have different genetic characteristics and are associated with very variable phenotypes spanning from rapidly progressing disease with only lower motor neuron signs to very slowly progressing disease with both the upper and lower motor neuron systems affected. The patients showed different sites of onset, though the progressive bulbar palsy form of the disease appears to be rare among patients with a CuZn-superoxide dismutase mutation. The progression of motor signs and symptoms followed the same basic pattern in patients with different mutations. Extra-motor system symptoms were frequent among patients with a CuZn-superoxide dismutase mutation. The results suggest that patients with mutations in the CuZn-superoxide dismutase gene constitute one disease entity. The Val14Gly and Asp76Tyr mutations have not been reported before, and the latter is the first mutation to be found in exon 3 of the CuZn-superoxide dismutase gene.

Adult↗