Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Reproductive History”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Breast cancer risk in Ashkenazi BRCA1/2 mutation carriers: effects of reproductive history.

BACKGROUND: Younger age at first birth and greater parity generally reduce the risk of developing breast cancer, but whether this reduced risk holds in women with a mutation in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene is unknown. METHODS: In a Washington DC community-based study conducted in 1996, we tested 5318 Ashkenazi Jews for three BRCA1/2 founder mutations and identified 120 mutation carriers. Applying an extension of the "kin-cohort" analysis, we compared the effects of reproduction on breast cancer risk in carriers and noncarriers. We also used a case-case analysis among 288 participants who had been diagnosed with breast cancer. RESULTS: In noncarriers, the estimated relative risk (RR) of breast cancer rose 5% with each 5-year increment in age at first birth (RR = 1.05; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.97-1.15). By contrast, the estimated risk in mutation carriers fell with each 5-year increment in age (RR = 0.65; 95% CI = 0.37-1.16). Among the 288 participants who were breast cancer survivors themselves, the comparison of carriers with noncarriers also showed no protection associated with early birth in the presence of a mutation in BRCA1 or BRCA2. CONCLUSIONS: It is not yet clear whether the recognized breast cancer risk factors operate in the same way in women who carry a mutation in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Reproductive history and body mass index in black and white women.

The relationships of timing, spacing, number of births, and demographic variables to body mass index were examined in 844 white and 289 black women. Subjects were interviewed in 1978-1979 as mothers or female guardians of a stratified random sample of all Minneapolis children in grades 1-3. Results indicate that among black and white women, number of births, age at last birth, and years between first and last births were positively associated with body mass index. However, when age, education, and income were included in the regression equation for black women, none of the reproductive variables predicted body mass index. When number of births, age at last birth, and years between first and last birth were included in the same regression for white women, only number of births was independently associated with body mass index.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Mammary gland development, reproductive history, and breast cancer risk.

The observation that normal pathways of differentiation and development are invariably altered during the process of carcinogenesis implies an intrinsic relationship between these processes. This relationship is particularly evident in the breast, as exemplified by the existence of endocrine risk factors for breast cancer that are related to the timing of normal developmental events. Understanding the mechanisms by which normal developmental events alter breast cancer risk is a central focus of our laboratory. Herein, we describe three approaches being taken in our laboratory toward defining the molecular basis of this relationship. These include: determining the roles played by the tumor suppressor genes, BRCA1 and BRCA2, in the normal differentiation and development of the breast; studying the function of three novel protein kinases identified in our laboratory in mammary epithelial development; and defining the molecular and cellular changes that occur in the breast as a result of reproductive events known to influence breast cancer risk.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Reproductive histories of low weight girls and women.

As shown in 79,000 girls and women participating in four different surveys, low body weight (less than or equal to 47.2 kg) does not prevent the attainment of menarche, conception, or even repeated conceptions. Indeed, low body weight is especially common in early maturing girls and in Puerto Ricans and Mexican-Americans. From these data, the concept of a "critical weight" for menarche is difficult to substantiate, although low body weight does have nutritional implications and is the second most important factor in regulating fetal growth.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Exogenous hormones, reproductive history, and breast cancer.

We studied 284 patients (20-74 years of age) with carcinoma of the breast and 367 controls; all were admitted to one hospital between 1969 and 1972. The disease was associated with nulliparity, first pregnancy over 20 years of age, premenopausal status, and a lower frequency of artificial menopause. After adjustment for these factors, no significant difference was found between the breast cancer patients and controls in their prior use of either estrogens or oral contraceptives, but the confidence limits on the relative risk, especially for oral contraceptives, were large.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Age, reproductive history, seasonality, and maternal body composition during pregnancy for nomadic Turkana of Kenya.

To evaluate the potential differences in maternal nutritional investment in pregnancy, data collected from nomadic Ngisonyoka Turkana women during a July 1993-July 1994 field season were utilized. The roles maternal age, parity, duration of the previous nonpregnant interval, overlap between pregnancy and lactation on trimester changes in weight and summed skinfolds during pregnancy were examined. Because seasonality is an important aspect of the Turkana environment, the effects of seasonality were also assessed. First trimester weight gain is positively associated with overlap in pregnancy and lactation. Second trimester maternal weight gain is negatively influenced by higher parity and by overlap between lactation and early pregnancy. Third trimester weight gain is influenced only by seasonally induced morbidity. First trimester changes in maternal skinfolds are negatively influenced by older maternal age and parity, and positively influenced by a longer nonpregnant interval, and overlap between pregnancy and lactation. Second and third trimester skinfolds are significantly associated only with overlap between lactation and pregnancy (negatively in the second, positively in the third). Seasonality does not influence maternal skinfolds. Differences in age- and parity-related patterns of maternal nutritional investment in pregnancy are not supported by the data. The possibility that Turkana cultural beliefs may influence nutritional status during pregnancy is discussed. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 11:658-672, 1999. Copyright 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1977

The risk of post-pill amenorrhea: a preliminary report from the Menstruation and Reproduction History Research Program.

Menstrual cycle lengths prior to and after oral contraceptive use were prospectively recorded for 245 women. In this preliminary study, a difference in the distributions in the pre- and post-pill cycle lengths was observed. An increase of 5 days in the medial cycle length occurred after oral contraceptive use had been discontinued. Although there was an approximately twofold relative risk of amenorrhea of 90 days' duration or more after discontinuing pill use, the differences in the rates of amenorrhea between the pre-pill and post-pill cycles were not statistically significant.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Role of maternal smoking and maternal reproductive history in the etiology of hypospadias in the offspring.

BACKGROUND: This study was undertaken to evaluate some possible risk factors for hypospadias with special regard to parity, subfertility and maternal smoking. METHODS: With the use of the Swedish health registries, 3,262 infants with a diagnosis of hypospadias were identified among 1,413,811 infants born in 1983-96 with prospectively collected smoking exposure during pregnancy. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated after adjustment for various possible confounders. RESULTS: A negative association between hypospadias and maternal smoking was found (OR: 0.83 95% CI: 0.76-0.90), but this association was only observed among mothers of Parity 1 or 4+, and the possibility of the results being due to confounding was suspected. Primiparity (vs. Parity 2) was positively associated with hypospadias (OR: 1.29 95% CI: 1.19-1.40), and so was subfertility (defined here as at least 1 year of attempts to conceive) (OR for subfertility: 1.16 95% CI: 1.01-1.33). The OR for smoking and primiparity, respectively, were of the same magnitude irrespective of whether subfertility was present or not, and no evidence was found that subfertility in the parents of infants with hypospadias seriously confounded the analyses. CONCLUSIONS: No explanation was found for the negative association between maternal smoking and hypospadias or the positive association between primiparity and hypospadias. Possible causal mechanisms are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Chromosomal findings in 164 couples with repeated spontaneous abortions: with special consideration to prior reproductive history.

The cytogenetic evaluation of 164 couples who experienced repeated spontaneous abortions revealed 11 chromosomal abnormalities (10 translocations and 1 sex chromosome mosaic, 6.70%). An apparent positive relationship between the frequency of chromosome anomalies and the number of spontaneous abortions was observed. Couples with at least one normal liveborn child, in addition to the spontaneous abortions, had a significant increase in chromosomal abnormalities (17.85%) when compared with those with no liveborn offspring (4.41%) (P less than 0.005). Similarly, couples whose fetal wastage consisted of only first trimester spontaneous abortions had a greater increase in the frequency of chromosomal abnormalities (8.03% vs 0.00%).

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1982

Effect of sex and reproductive history on the survival of patients with colorectal cancer.

The survival rate of women with colorectal carcinoma is higher than that of men. This is true when censored survival rates are compared (P = 0.0008) as well as when relative survival rates are utilized to compensate for the increased life expectancy of females. Women never pregnant (n = 56) or women with no children (n = 66) showed survival rates similar to men, but significantly different to women with one or more children. The actual number of children, however, did not correlate with survival rates.

Colonic Neoplasms↗
PubMed1989

Endometritis in the mare: A comparison between reproductive history and uterine biopsy as techniques for predicting susceptibility of mares to uterine infection.

Thirty mares with no clinical signs of endometritis were categorized as being susceptible or resistant to uterine infection depending on whether or not they had a history of recurrent endometritis. The same mares were then independently classified as susceptible or resistant on the basis of their uterine biopsies; those with significant endometrial degeneration were considered to be susceptible to endometritis. The mares then received an intrauterine inoculation of pathogenic Streptococcus zooepidemicus . Those mares which eliminated bacteria by 10 d after inoculation were considered truly resistant to endometritis, whereas those still infected at 10 d were considered susceptible. The original classifications based on history or biopsy were compared to the inoculation results. A history of recurrent endometritis provided a more sensitive (0.90) and specific (0.95) indication of susceptibility to uterine infection than a uterine biopsy with significant endometrial degeneration (sensitivity 0.5, specificity 0.75).

Journal Article↗