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At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Effects of 3,6-dimethylpyrazine-2-thiol on reproductive and accessory reproductive organs in male rats.

The weights of prostate and seminal vesicle were decreased by treatment with 3,6-dimethylpyrazine-2-thiol(3,6-DMP-SH) but the weights of testes and the plasma testosterone levels were not changed. The recovery of the weight of prostate and seminal vesicles of testosterone-treated orchidectomized rats were inhibited by treatment with 3,6-DMP-SH. Direct injection of 3,6-DMP-SH into accessory reproductive organs also induced the decrease in the weight of relevant organs. Administration of oxendrone or chlormazinone along with 3,6-DMP-SH decreased the weights of accessory reproductive organs more than administration of only one substance. In vitro uptake of testosterone into prostate and seminal vesicle were blocked by the presence of 3,6-DMP-SH. These results suggest that 3,6-DMP-SH directly inhibited testosterone uptake into the accessory reproductive organs.

Androgen Antagonists↗
PubMed1994

[Reproductive and developmental toxicity studies of tazobactam/piperacillin or tazobactam(1)--Fertility and general reproduction study in rats with intraperitoneal administration].

Tazobactam (TAZ) is a newly developed beta-lactamase inhibitor and piperacillin (PIPC) is an antibiotics which is used in clinical field widely. The combination of TAZ and PIPC (TAZ/PIPC), which is combined with TAZ and PIPC at rate of 1:4, has been developed because of PIPC is unstable to various beta-lactamases. Fertility and general reproductive performance were studied in rats given daily intraperitoneal doses of TAZ/PIPC (200, 800 or 1600 mg/kg/day) or TAZ (40, 160 or 640 mg/kg/day). TAZ/PIPC or TAZ were given during premating period (70 days in males and 15 days in females), the pairing period (in males and females) and the gestation and lactation periods (in females). Total daily doses were administered in two equally divided doses. The study includes evaluation of the F1 generation and the F2 generation through weaning. In the TAZ/PIPC, maternal toxicity (decreased food consumption) was observed at 200 mg/kg and above dosage groups. At maternotoxic doses of 800 and 1600 mg/kg groups, increased resorptions, decreased live litter size, and increased fetal variations (reversible changes in ribs) were observed. Reversible delays in ossification of caudal vertebrae were also observed at 1600 mg/kg group. In the TAZ, maternal toxicities were observed at 160 mg/kg group (decreased food consumption) and 640 mg/kg group (decreased body weight gain and food consumption). Furthermore, necropsy (raised and/or colored areas present in the cecum) revealed slight increases at 40 mg/kg and above dosage groups. Slight decreases in implantations and resultant slight decreases in live litter size, reversible delays in renal development, and increased stillbirths were observed at 640 mg/kg group. Postnatal growth and development, behavior and reproductive performance of the F1 generation were not affected by the administration of TAZ/PIPC or TAZ. There were no effects on any of the fetal or pup parameters evaluated in the F2 generation. In conclusion, mating behavior and fertility were not affected by TAZ/PIPC or TAZ in this study. TAZ/PIPC or TAZ caused adverse change in reproductive performance of the F0 generation only at doses that caused maternal toxicity. The F1 and F2 generation were not affected.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Effect of supplemental yeast culture in sow gestation and lactation diets on apparent nutrient digestibilities and reproductive performance through one reproductive cycle.

Ninety-six crossbred sows and gilts were used to study the effect of yeast culture (Diamond V. Mills, Cedar Rapids, IA) on apparent nutrient digestibilities and reproductive performance from d 60 of gestation through d 21 of lactation. Sows were allotted to treatment groups based on parity and BW. Four dietary treatments were made by substituting 0, .5, 1.0, or 2.0% yeast culture for wheat middlings in the basal gestation and lactation diets. During gestation, sows were fed 2.15 kg/d of a 12.5% CP corn-soybean meal diet containing 25.0% alfalfa meal that provided 6.39 Mcal of ME/d. During lactation, sows were fed a 13.5% CP corn-soybean meal diet containing 12.5% alfalfa meal (3.16 Mcal of ME/kg) to appetite daily. Yeast culture supplementation did not affect (P > .3 to .9) the apparent digestibilities of DM, energy, CP, ether extract, ADF, and NDF in gestation (d 90 to 97) or lactation (d 14 to 21), sow weights on d 107 of gestation and d 1 and 21 of lactation, lactation feed intake, or days from weaning to first estrus compared to control sows. Also, yeast culture treatment had no effect (P > .3 to .5) on number of live pigs/litter at birth and d 21 or total litter weight on d 21. In conclusion, supplemental yeast culture in gestation and lactation diets containing alfalfa meal did not affect apparent nutrient digestibilities and reproductive performance criteria through one reproductive cycle.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Further characterization of reproductive abnormalities in mCd59b knockout mice: a potential new function of mCd59 in male reproduction.

CD59 is a GPI-linked membrane protein that inhibits formation of the membrane attack complex of complement. We reported recently that mice have two CD59 genes (termed mCd59a and mCd59b), and that the targeted deletion of mCd59b (mCd59b-/-) results in spontaneous hemolytic anemia and progressive loss of male fertility. Further studies of the reproductive abnormalities in mCd59b-/- mice reported in this study revealed the presence of abnormal multinucleated cells and increased apoptotic cells within the walls of the seminiferous tubules, and a decrease in the number, motility, and viability of sperm associated with a significant increase in abnormal sperm morphologies. Both the capacitation-associated tyrosine phosphorylation and the ionophore-induced acrosome reaction as well as luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and testosterone serum levels were similar in mCd59b-/- and mCd59b+/+. Surprisingly, the functional deficiency of the complement protein C3 did not rescue the abnormal reproductive phenotype of mCd59b-/-, although it was efficient in rescuing their hemolytic anemia. These results indicate that the male reproductive abnormalities in mCd59b-/- are complement-independent, and that mCd59 may have a novel function in spermatogenesis that is most likely unrelated to its function as an inhibitor of membrane attack complex formation.

Anemia, Hemolytic↗
PubMed2000

Sexual but not reproductive: exploring the junction and disjunction of sexual and reproductive rights.

Although the term "sexual rights" has gained widespread currency, its concrete scope and content have not yet been fully defined. The need for definition is critical not only for promoting governmental accountability but also for ensuring that sexual rights can be claimed by diverse persons around the world. Ironically, the concept of "sexual and reproductive rights" poses a challenge to this effort; practices and people not traditionally addressed by reproductive rights work must be explicitly named and protected. This article considers how international norms have contributed to a gendered regulation of sexuality and of contemporary theories of "socially constructed sexuality," and it proposes a focus on the conditions that contribute to the ability to choose and on the links between sexuality, conduct, identity, social structures, and reproduction. Given the probable politically charged responses, global coalition-building is needed.

Human Rights↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The pending problems of the Spanish legal regulation on assisted human reproduction: the decision of the Constitutional Court and the report of the National Commission on Assisted Human Reproduction].

The present article illustrates some of the problem areas of Spain's legislation on assisted reproduction, which has been in place for over a decade. In order to focus on the main issues, particular attention is paid to two important texts: the ruling by the Constitutional Court on the assisted reproduction Law and the first annual report by the National Committee on Assisted Human Reproduction.

Confidentiality↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Consequences for posterity of two generations of an irradiation pregnant from females rats Wistar in small doses during a bookmark of reproduction system of fetuses development of posterity of the second generation and it reproduction function].

With the purpose of study of consequences for development and reproduction functions of posterity of the second generation from females rats Wistar of a total unitary gamma-irradiation in dozes 0.25; 0.5 and 1 Gy (capacity of a doze 0.03 sGy/s) on 10th day of pregnancy (the period of the onset of fetuses reproduction system development) is investigated more than 630 females, 1400 with the age of 19th days, and about 3200 young rats. The revealed deviations(rejections) in development of posterity of two generations parents, antenatal irradiated in not sterilizing dozes, in he period of a beginning of formation of reproduction system, them a variety at different dozes of radiating influence, shown as at posterity of the irradiated mothers, and fathers, testify about instability genoms in a line of generations requiring the account and acceptance of necessary measures for preservation normal genofund.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Interrelationships between ambient temperature, age at calving, postpartum reproductive events and reproductive performance in dairy cows: a path analysis.

Path analysis was used to determine the interrelationships between ambient temperature, age at calving, postpartum reproductive events and reproductive performance in dairy cows. The data used in the analysis were collected on 226 Holstein-Friesian cows calving in a commercial dairy herd during a 17 month period (May 1, 1981 to October 1, 1982). The data were obtained from a double blind study evaluating the effects of gonadotrophin releasing hormone and cloprostenol in postpartum cows. Rectal palpation to assess uterine involution and ovarian activity was performed on each cow on days 15, 24 and 28 postpartum. At the same time, blood samples were collected for subsequent progesterone assay. Data were recorded on the occurrence of reproductive diseases and events from the time of parturition until the diagnosis of pregnancy or until the cow left the herd in the case of culled cows. There was an increase in the incidence of retained placenta, in the percentage of cows with abnormal vaginal discharge in the early postpartum period as well as a delay in uterine involution during the winter months. In addition, cows calving during the winter had prolonged intervals to first estrus, first service and conception compared to cows calving during the summer. (Cows calving during the warmest months, on average, were seen in estrus 24 days sooner, received first service 42 days sooner and conceived 27 days sooner than cows calving during the coldest months of the year).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Age Factors↗
PubMed1994

Assisted reproductive technology in the United States and Canada: 1992 results generated from the American Fertility Society/Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology Registry.

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the procedures and outcomes of assisted reproductive technology (ART) initiated in the United States in 1992. DESIGN: Data were collected on an annual summary form and submitted to The American Fertility Society/Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology Registry. PARTICIPANTS: Two hundred forty-nine programs submitted data on procedures performed in 1992. Data were collected in October 1993 so that outcome of all pregnancies established would be known. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The outcomes measured included clinical pregnancy, ectopic pregnancy, abortion, stillbirth, delivery, and congenital abnormality. RESULTS: Programs reported initiations of 37,955 cycles of ART treatment, excluding frozen embryo and donor oocyte cycles. Of these, 29,404 cycles initiated were IVF with 16.8% deliveries per retrieval, 5,767 were cycles of GIFT with 26.3% deliveries per retrieval, 1,993 cycles of zygote intrafallopian transfer with 22.8% deliveries per retrieval, and 791 were combination cycles, combining IVF and one of the tubal transfer techniques, resulting in 27.9% deliveries per retrieval. In addition to these cycles initiated in 1992, 5,814 frozen ET procedures were reported, either as separate procedures or in combination with another ART procedure, with 13.9% deliveries per procedure, and 2,032 donor oocyte or surrogacy cycles were initiated with an overall success of 31.3% deliveries per retrieval. As a result of all procedures, a total of 7,355 deliveries were reported. CONCLUSIONS: In 1992, there were more programs offering more treatment cycles of ART. Average success rates exhibited only a small increase compared with previously reported summaries.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Livestock production in central Mali: Reproductive performance and reproductive wastage in ruminants in the agro-pastoral system.

Results of a 7-yr field study and a 3-yr slaughterhouse study into reproductive performance and reproductive wastage of ruminants in central Mali are reported. Cattle had delayed age at first puberty (40), long calving intervals (644) and produced few young (3.02) per lifetime. Goats and sheep first conceived at about 11 mo, had shorter parturition intervals (298 and 280 d) but also produced few young (2.64 and 1.92) per lifetime. Conceptions showed a strong seasonality in cattle and mainly occurred during and shortly after the short rainy season. Seasonality was less marked in small ruminants, but most females conceived before the rains. However, maximum litter sizes were associated with late-rain and post-rain conceptions. Early embryonic wastage did not appear to be a major problem but abortions, stillbirths and heavy preweaning mortality were sources of loss of reproductive potential. Additionally at a secondary (government controlled) abattoir, 15.0 % of cows, 31.7 % of goats and 20.0 % of sheep that were slaughtered were found to be pregnant.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1979

Equivalence of maximizing reproductive value and fitness in the case of reproductive strategies.

The proposed equivalence of maximizing reproductive value and fitness is examined for two model life histories. In the first instance, it is assumed that offspring are fledged before the start of the next breeding season. In this case the proposed equivalence is verified. In the second model, parents care for their progeny for more than 1 year. In this case the optimal reproductive expenditure at a particular age is shown to depend on both current reproductive value and the diminution in survival rates of previously conceived young still dependent on parental protection.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1993

Effects of dimethylpyrazine isomers on reproductive and accessory reproductive organs in male rats.

The effects of dimethylpyrazine isomers on reproductive and accessory reproductive organs in male rats were studied. Following the administration of 2,5-dimethylpyrazine (100 mg/kg, s.c.) the weight of prostate and seminal vesicles, as well as testosterone levels in plasma were significantly decreased. One isomer of dimethylpyrazine, 2,6-dimethylpyrazine (100 mg/kg, s.c.), affected only the seminal vesicles, while 2,3-dimethylpyrazine had no influence on accessory reproductive organs. Following administration of 100 mg/kg of 2,5-dimethylpyrazine, acid phosphatase activity in the prostate and fructose content in the seminal vesicles were also significantly decreased compared with tissues from vehicle-treated animals. Weight of the testes and acid phosphatase activity therein were not affected following the administration of 2,5-dimethylpyrazine, nor were numbers of spermatozoa in the epididymis. These results showed that 2,5-dimethylpyrazine induced decrease in prostate and seminal vesicle weight by inhibiting testosterone uptake and reducing plasma testosterone levels.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1992

Effects of melatonin on reproductive and accessory reproductive organs in male rats.

Effects of daily injections of melatonin on male rat reproductive and accessory reproductive organs were studied. The weight of the prostate was decreased by treatment with a high dose of melatonin (8.0 mg/kg, s.c., injection time; 17:00) once daily for 30 d. The weights of the other accessory reproductive organs and testes were not influenced by melatonin. Lower doses (0.8, 2.4, 4.8 mg/kg), had no effect. After the successive treatment with melatonin (8.0 mg/kg), the testosterone levels in testes and in serum and the conversion rate of [3H]testosterone to [3H]dihydrotestosterone in the prostate were not influenced. The activity of acid phosphatase and the uptake of [3H]testosterone by the prostate, in contrast, were significantly decreased after the successive treatment with melatonin. These data suggest that melatonin may have a direct inhibitory action on male rat prostate, though only at a high dose.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Collaborative work to evaluate toxicity on male reproductive organs by repeated dose studies in rats 4). Fadrozole hydrochloride: an oral 2/4-week male reproductive organ toxicity study.

Doses of 0, 30 and 60 mg/kg/day of fadrozole hydrochloride (Afema: non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor, antitumor agent) were given perorally by gavage to HanIbm WIST male rats from 6 or 8 weeks of age for 2 weeks, and from 6 weeks of age for 4 weeks. In all treatment groups, reduced weights of seminal vesicle, prostate and epididymis, and degeneration/necrosis of the pachytene spermatocytes in stages VII or VIII seminiferous tubules, were dose-relatedly observed. Effects could also be assessed quantitatively by staging analysis with the result of a reduction in the numbers of stage VII pachytene spermatocytes at 30 and 60 mg/kg/day. Epididymal sperm examination revealed no treatment-related changes in any groups. The effects of 4-week treatment on male reproductive organs were similar to those of 2-week treatment at the same dose levels, except for the weights of seminal vesicle and prostate, which were more reduced by 4-week treatment than by 2-week treatment. There was no notable difference in detectability of toxicity in male reproductive organs between 2-week treatment from 6 weeks of age and 2-week treatment from 8 weeks of age. It was concluded that the changes observed in the rat male reproductive organs following 4 weeks of treatment with fadrozole hydrochloride could be detected also with 2 weeks of treatment.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Reproductive tract infection in women of reproductive age group in Sitapur/Shahjahanpur District of Uttar Pradesh.

CARE India with its UP Office has initiated demand generation and acceptability of services for reproductive health and birth spacing services at community level in two districts in the state of Uttar Pradesh. A total of 3,49,000 women of reproductive age will benefit from participation in program activities over the next five years. Out of total surveyed population of 3662, 798 women of reproductive age group were identified of whom 272 were found to be symptomatically positive in relation of STDs/RTIs giving the overall prevalence rate of 34%. Clinical as well as the microbiological examination was carried out on 193 of these 272 women in field conditions. Those found clinically and/or microbiologically positive were provided treatment and preventive advice. Total of 150 (77.7%) women were diagnosed on the basis of symptoms (syndromic approach) and 151 (78.2%) were diagnosed on the basis of clinical examinations. However, 137 (70.9%) were confirmed microbiologically positive. A large extent was found in the age group of 15 to 24 years. Confirmed cases were comparatively less among nulliparous women (63.6%) than multipara (73.2%) cases. 64.1% women were having watery discharge while 29.1% were having complaint of curd discharge. The discharge was offensive in only 1.9% cases while 4.9% reported mixed discharge. 54.4% women complaining of vaginal discharge were suffering from PID. The discharge were either bacterial alone (26.1%) or bacterial mixed with candidiasis (16.5%) or trichomoniasis (8.7%). Compared to syndromic approach, an improvement in the sensitivity (81.8%) and predictive accuracy (74.1%) was noted when cases were detected with the help of clinical examination.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Comparison among strains of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus for their ability to cause reproductive failure.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the virulence of selected strains of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) relative to reproductive performance of pregnant gilts. DESIGN: 16 pregnant gilts (principals) were exposed oronasally to 4 strains (vaccine strain RespPRRS, field strains VR-2385, VR-2431, and NADC-8, 4 gilts/strain) of PRRSV on or about day 90 of gestation, 4 pregnant gilts (controls) were kept under similar conditions, except for exposure to PRRSV. Samples and specimens obtained from gilts, pigs (before ingestion of colostrum), and fetuses were tested for PRRSV and homologous antibody. ANIMALS: 20 pregnant gilts. PROCEDURE: The virulence of each strain of PRRSV was evaluated mainly on the clinical status of the corresponding litters at farrowing. RESULTS: Most gilts remained clinically normal throughout the study and farrowed normally at or near the expected farrowing time. All virus strains crossed the placenta of principal gilts to infect fetuses in utero. The number of late-term dead fetuses (which appeared to be the best measure of relative virulence) ranged from 0 for litters of control gilts and gilts exposed to strain RespPRRS, to 38 for gilts exposed to strain NADC-8. All principal gilts became viremic and developed antibody against PRRSV. All strains persisted in alveolar macrophages of at least some principal gilts for at least 7 weeks after exposure. CONCLUSION: Strains of PRRSV vary in virulence. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The effects of PRRSV on reproductive performance are strain dependent and this should be considered in making a tentative diagnosis on the basis of clinical observations.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Assisted reproductive technology has been detrimental to academic reproductive endocrinology and infertility: depth of the problem and possible solutions.

Dr. Soules' editorial points out some, but not all, of the detrimental effects of assisted reproductive technology on the subspecialty of academic reproductive endocrinology and infertility. This response adds to the list of problems (i.e., discussing the loss of pure endocrinology) but points out an example of a creative solution (i.e., merging academic units with private practices).

Decision Making, Organizational↗