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Results for “Public Health Practice”

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At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Bridging prevention and practice: public health and family violence.

Public health approaches the primary prevention of family violence by focusing on surveillance, the identification of risk factors, and the development, evaluation, and dissemination of interventions. Physicians and other health care providers are crucial in this process because they are in a unique position to identify at-risk individuals and populations and to implement both broad-based and targeted preventive and intervention initiatives. Incorporating public health principles into medical education and medical practice not only can reduce the severity of this epidemic by strengthening efforts in early detection and expert intervention but also can create effective primary prevention, an important necessary step towards eradicating every disease or condition. This article discusses the role of public health professionals in preventing family and intimate violence. It notes specific findings from public health research, including the cycle of violence and the need to incorporate issues of abuse across the life span, and other factors, into medical education. Addressing family and intimate violence in a caring and sensitive manner is difficult, and incorporating public health principles into medical education and medical practice can forge an effective partnership between medical practitioners and public health professionals. This new partnership represents both an important challenge and a unique opportunity to understand family and intimate violence and thus to develop and evaluate effective short- and long-term solutions.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2003

The role of social and behavioral science in public health practice: a study of the New York City Department of Health.

Studies over the last decade have demonstrated the effectiveness of public health interventions based on social and behavioral science theory for many health problems. Little is known about the extent to which health departments are currently utilizing these theories. This study assesses the application of social and behavioral science to programs in the New York City Department of Health (NYCDOH). Structured open-ended interviews were conducted with executive and program management staff of the health department. Respondents were asked about the application of social and behavioral sciences within their programs, and about the benefits and barriers to increasing the use of such approaches. Themes related to the aims of the study were identified, a detailed coding manual developed, narrative data were coded independently by two investigators (kappa.85), and data analyzed. Interviews were conducted with 61 eligible individuals (response rate 88%). The most common applications of social and behavioral science were individual-level behavior change to prevent HIV transmission and community-level interventions utilizing community organizing models and/or media interventions for health promotion and disease prevention. There are generally positive attitudes about the benefits of utilizing these sciences; however, there are also reservations about expanded use because of resource constraints. While NYCDOH has successfully applied social and behavioral sciences in some areas of practice, many areas use them minimally or not at all. Increasing use will require additional resources. Partnerships with academic institutions can bring additional social and behavioral science resources to health departments and benefit researchers understanding of the health department environment.

Behavioral Sciences↗
PubMed2001

The contributions of managed care plans to public health practice: evidence from the nation's largest local health departments.

OBJECTIVE: The authors examine the extent and nature of managed care plans participating in local public health activities. METHODS: In 1998, the authors surveyed the directors of all US local health departments serving jurisdictions of at least 100,000 residents to collect information about public health activities performed in their jurisdictions and about organizations participating in the activities. Multivariate logistic and linear regression models were used to examine organizational and market characteristics associated with managed care plan participation in public health activities. RESULTS: Managed care plans were reported to participate in public health activities in 164 (46%) of the jurisdictions surveyed, and to contribute to 13% of the public health activities performed in the average jurisdiction. Plans appeared most likely to participate in public health activities involving the delivery or management of personal health services and the exchange of health-related information. Managed care participation was more likely to occur in jurisdictions with higher HMO penetration, fewer competing plans, and larger proportions of plans enrolling Medicaid recipients. Participation was positively associated with the overall scope and perceived effectiveness of local public health activities. CONCLUSIONS: Although plans participate in a narrow range of activities, these contributions may complement the work of public health agencies.

Administrative Personnel↗