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PubMed1978

[Activity of the psychologist within the inpatient psychotherapy of behavior disordered children and adolescents].

The author, after discussing the problem of cooperation between the physician and psychologist within the framework of psychotherapeutic activity, deals with the special functions of psychologists. Work done in this respect at the Dresden Medical Academy's department for psychotherapy of malbehaving children and juveniles of normal intelligence is described. Also outlined in this paper are the role played by the psychologist in the use of various methods of therapy and his cooperation in the continuing education and training of nurses, the psychometric control of the course of therapy, and the rehabilitation of children and juveniles.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Preparation for dialysis treatment using the psychologist.

For a long time I have asserted that psychologists should be used in different and wider avenues than they are currently, which limit the tasks and potentialities of psychologists. Psychology is a ductile tool, that besides psychotherapy, sociological and statistical analysis can give answers and solutions in several areas. The Community Psychology approach is one of the innovative models available according to which the psychologist is untied from psychotherapeutic concepts.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1996

Publication productivity of clinical and counseling psychologists.

Compared the research productivity of clinical versus counseling psychologists and found surprisingly few differences. A serendipitous finding was low productivity across the board and a question was raised about the success of the scientist-practitioner model in both clinical and counseling psychology doctoral programs in instilling a research/publication ethic among professional (as opposed to experimental, social, etc.) psychologists.

Authorship↗
PubMed1998

Research contributions of counseling psychologists to neuropsychology.

Research productivity of counseling psychologists with credentials in clinical neuropsychology were examined. Eighteen were ABPP/ABCN Diplomates. Division 40 Fellows, or both. They published an average of 3.06 (SD= 4.82; range = 0 to 20) neuropsychologically relevant, first-authored articles over the past 5 years. When counseling psychologists were compared to a random sample of ABPP/ABCN diplomates with doctoral degrees in other areas of psychology, no reliable differences emerged between the groups in age, research productivity, or number of years between graduation and receipt of the ABPP/ABCN diploma. Research contributions of neuropsychologists with degrees in counseling psychology are comparable to those of ABPP/ABCN diplomates who were trained in other areas of psychology (e.g., clinical, developmental, and physiological).

Authorship↗
PubMed2000

Utilization of empirically supported psychotherapy treatments for individuals with eating disorders: A survey of psychologists.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the primary methods used by psychotherapists in treating individuals with eating disorders and to determine the extent to which certain empirically supported psychotherapies (i.e., cognitive behavioral therapy [CBT] and interpersonal psychotherapy [IPT]) are used in clinical settings. METHOD: Surveys developed for this study were sent to 500 psychologists randomly selected from a list of all licensed doctoral-level psychologists in an upper midwestern state. RESULTS: Despite the findings that CBT techniques were reported to be frequently used, most respondents identified something other than CBT or IPT as their primary theoretical approach. In addition, the majority of respondents indicated not having received training in the use of manual-based, empirically supported treatment approaches for working with individuals with eating disorders, although most reported a desire to obtain such training. CONCLUSIONS: Although commonly referred to as the "treatments of choice" in research literature, manual-based, empirically supported approaches to working with individuals with eating disorders has not received adequate dissemination.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

The role of the psychologist in crisis/hostage negotiations.

Over the past three decades, there has been a noted increase in hostage and barricade incidents involving perpetrators with a variety of emotional, economic, and political motives. A hostage incident may be defined as an incident in which (a) perpetrator(s) hold(s) one or more persons against their will in a location known to police. A barricade incident, on the other hand, is an incident without hostages in which a perpetrator is barricaded, also in a location known to police and refusing to surrender. Approximately 25 years ago, a theory of crisis/hostage negotiations was developed which has been continuously refined in field applications. This article will define the goal of crisis/hostage negotiation, review the history of hostage taking from biblical times to the present, review the utilization of psychologists and other mental health consultants by police crisis/hostage negotiation teams, and discuss the four roles and related functions of psychologists on crisis/hostage negotiation teams.

Consultants↗
PubMed1976

Attitudes of psychologists toward drug abusers.

This survey of 827 psychologists' and trainees' attitudes toward drug abusers includes definitions of drug abuse, causes, recommended treat, treatment environments, and personal commitment to treating abusers. The use of prison and courts is contrasted with hospitals, and a subgroup's attitudes are contrasted with previously surveyed attitudes toward alcoholics. Recommended financial benefits and knowledge of laboratory tests to detect drug abuse also are assessed. Differences among three groups of psychologists and their respective response biases are discussed. Various elements of the profession have potential contributions to make to this serious social problem.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1976

Ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and pattern of WISC scores as variables that affect psychologists' estimates of "effective intelligence".

Psychologists estimated "true IQs" or "effective intelligence" from WISC profiles that varied for ethnicity (black, Mexican-American, or white), social class (lower or middle), profile (three scatter patterns), and direction of Verbal-Performance Scale discrepancy. Psychologists gave higher IQ estimates to black and Mexican-American children's profiles than to the same profiles of white children. Social class was not a significant factor. Profiles with much scatter received higher IQs than profiles with limited scatter. The pattern of subtest scores also affected estimates, while the direction of the Verbal-Performance discrepancy was not significant. Finally, the WISC was judged to be more valid for white than for black and Mexican-American children. Explanations of the findings were discussed.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1980

Psychologists' practices related to medication.

Surveyed psychologists (N = 137) in private practice as health service providers with regard to their attitudes and practices related to both the medical evaluation of their clients and also their monitoring of client medication. Results are discussed with an attempt to relate the findings to the clinical training and professional responsibility of health service psychologists.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Self-change of psychological distress: laypersons' vs. psychologists' coping strategies.

This study investigated the change processes that laypersons (N = 270) and psychologists (N = 158) reported using to overcome psychological distress. Eighty-nine percent of the community sample and 82% of the professional sample experienced at least one episode of distress. Interpersonal relationships and willpower strategies were employed commonly in both samples; medication was used infrequently. Gender, education, and previous treatment were related to coping processes among laypersons. A comparative analysis indicated that, relative to laypersons, psychologists exhibited a larger and more varied repertoire of coping strategies.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1978

Fundamental role characteristics of the community psychologist.

The purpose of this paper is to examine four fundamental characteristics of the community psychologist's role. Understanding the nature of these characteristics is important to the development of community psychology. They are marginality, complexity, informality, and evolvement. Marginality is a consequence of the separateness of the change agent from the host system. This separateness promotes access and mobility, which facilitates the process of change. Complexity is inherent in encountering problems, learning requisite skills, and making ideological and ethical judgments. Informality is a characteristic necessitated by limited knowledge and the threatening effects of introducing change. Evolvement describes the constant emergence of community psychology, its progression from the crude to the sophisticated, and the importance of its historical roots to its future. Implications of these characteristics for the training of community psychologists are also discussed.

Community Mental Health Services↗
PubMed2002

Preparing psychologists to prescribe.

In this report, an investigation of the training received by professionals currently authorized to prescribe medications is considered as a step toward understanding what might be involved in preparing psychologists appropriately if prescription privileges for psychology were to be obtained. Information about admission and curriculum requirements was collected from medical schools, dental schools, physician assistant programs, nurse practitioner programs, and schools of optometry. Results suggest a high level of pharmacologically relevant coursework is required for admission to, and the completion of, programs that currently prepare their professionals to prescribe. It is argued that preparing psychologists to prescribe would likely entail similar training requirements in addition to, or instead of, those already in place, leaving clinical psychology dramatically and permanently altered.

Curriculum↗
PubMed2005

The influence of client characteristics on psychologists' ethical beliefs: an empirical investigation.

Do psychologists' ethical beliefs depend upon client characteristics? In the current study, licensed psychologists were surveyed regarding their ethical beliefs using an adaptation of a frequently used list of therapist behaviors rated for ethicality (Pope, Tabachnick, & Keith-Spiegel, 1987). In the current survey, the age, sex, and diagnostic severity of the hypothetical client were specified and varied between participants. Results indicated a significant interaction between client age and client sex, such that older male clients elicited lower overall ethicality ratings than did younger male clients, but older female clients elicited higher overall ethicality ratings than did younger female clients. This finding was especially robust when a subset of therapist behaviors involving assertive or discomforting therapist actions was considered.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

What's an integrationist? A study of self-identified integrative and (occasionally) eclectic psychologists.

We examined the views and practices of self-identified eclectic and integrative psychologists, particularly in the context of historical changes since 1977 and 1988. Results from 187 eclectic clinical psychologists indicated that 50% previously adhered to another theoretical orientation, the majority preferred the term integrative to eclectic, and 85% conceptualized eclecticism/integration as the endorsement of a broader orientation. The most common paths toward integration were theoretical integration, common factors, and assimilative integration, as opposed to technical eclecticism. The most frequent theoretical contributor to integrative practice was cognitive therapy.

Health Personnel↗
PubMed2003

Legislative warriors: American psychiatrists, psychologists, and competing claims over psychotherapy in the 1950s.

American psychiatrists and psychologists have long been close colleagues and fierce rivals. There is no better illustration of this polarized relationship than the chronic tug-of-war over psychotherapy. Both groups laid claim to psychotherapy-whatever it was and however it was practiced. Psychiatrists attempted to monopolize psychotherapy despite its ambiguous status as an essential component of the healing arts. After the war, psychologists pressed for a share on the basis of their qualifications and competence, but struggled to overcome the limitations imposed by medical envy. This story lays bare the crucial function of tools and techniques for defining the identity and the boundaries of a science-based profession.

History, 20th Century↗
PubMed1998

Productivity of Educational Psychologists in Educational Psychology Journals, 1991-1996

The scholarly productivity of educational psychologists, indexed in terms of the number of papers published in professional journals in the field was the focus of this investigation. Five journals considered to be among the "core journals" in the field and, thus, those in which educational psychologists are likely to publish their scholarship were examined for the years 1991-1996. Both institutions (i.e., universities) and individuals were identified. The top-rated institution, in terms of educational psychology productivity, was the University of Maryland and the most prolific individual contributor to the journals was Herbert Marsh. The findings partially replicate several previous productivity studies in psychology and educational psychology. The most productive scholars in the field include both seasoned, established leaders in the discipline, as well as younger individuals who are making their mark. Copyright 1998 Academic Press.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1988

Training psychologists for work with the chronically mentally ill.

While clinical psychologists have made a strong contribution to research and service delivery to the chronically mentally ill, the profession still experiences a shortage of human resources for work in this area. The roles and functions of clinical psychologists are specified and the prevalent model of training is described in light of the needs for services to CMI.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1991

Training Ph.D. psychologists for rural service: a report from Nebraska.

The Clinical Psychology Training Program at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln developed a rural mental health specialty to train psychologists to work in rural settings. Preliminary data indicate that the project was relatively successful in placing graduates in rural practice. But the needs for practitioners in rural communities clearly are greater than training programs can meet. Relying on doctoral psychologists for clinical work in rural communities may not be the best strategy in workforce planning.

Community Mental Health Services↗