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At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Characterization of productive and non-productive AcMNPV infection in selected insect cell lines.

We have investigated the process of productive and non-productive AcMNPV infection in a variety of cultured insect cells including lines derived from Spodoptera frugiperda (IPLB-SF21), Mamestra brassicae (SES-MaBr-3), Choristoneura fumiferana (IPRL-CF-1), Bombyx mori (BmN-4), Lymantria dispar (IPLB-Ld652Y), Helicoverpa zea (Hz1b3), and Drosophila melanogaster (Dm). In each cell line, we have examined viral utilization of an early, a late, and a very late promoter, the replication of viral DNA and the production of budded virus (BV) and polyhedral inclusion bodies (PIBs). Analysis of promoter use on the single cell level was performed using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) technology. Cell cultures were infected with recombinant viruses containing CAT reporter genes under the transcriptional control of viral early, late or very late promoters. Cells were immunostained to detect the CAT gene product and the relative CAT content of infected cells on a per cell basis was determined by FACS analysis. Productive infection of IPLB-SF21 cells involved essentially 100% of the cells while analysis of less productive lines (IPRL-CF-1 and SES-MaBr-3) suggests that the virus initiates and completes the replication process only in a subpopulation of cells. Analysis of non-productive infections (in BmN-4, IPLB-Ld652Y, Hz1b3, Drosophila Schneider) revealed different patterns of viral DNA replication and promoter use in each cell line suggesting a variety of obstacles to productive infection.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Production of butyrylcholinesterase by Caco-2 cells: lack of relationship with triglyceride production.

Elevated levels of butyrylcholinesterase activity occur under a number of hypertriglyceridemic conditions, including diabetes and obesity. This study examines whether butyrylcholinesterase activity has a direct effect on triglyceride production, using Caco-2 cells, a human intestinal adenocarcinoma cell line. Caco-2 cells were incubated with 500 microM oleate to stimulate triglyceride production, and butyrylcholinesterase activity was measured in the cellular homogenate. Butyrylcholinesterase activity was approximately 3 x 10(-3) micromol/min per milligram protein. Although triglyceride production increased by almost five-fold after 18 h of stimulation with oleate, butyrylcholinesterase activity was not increased. Furthermore, inhibition of butyrylcholinesterase activity using 1 mM tetraisopropylpyrophosphoramide did not significantly affect triglyceride production or secretion. Human insulin (100 microU/ml) increased the production of butyrylcholinesterase without increasing triglyceride production. This demonstrates that stimulation of fatty acid production and butyrylcholinesterase activity occur by independent mechanisms and suggests that their correlation in hyperlipidemic conditions is not due to a direct relationship in production in situ.

Butyrylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1984

Fibroblast procollagen production rates in vitro based on [3H]hydroxyproline production and procollagen hydroxyproline specific activity.

In vitro procollagen production rates can be determined by culturing cells in the presence of [3H]proline and measuring the subsequent formation of [3H]hydroxyproline. Values of actual procollagen production can be calculated if the total radioactivity and the specific activity of the newly synthesized procollagen is known. A simple microanalytical method for measuring procollagen specific activity in order to determine procollagen production by lung fibroblasts in vitro is reported. Confluent fibroblasts (IMR-90) were cultured in fresh medium containing [3H]proline, and [3H]hydroxyproline production and prolyl hydroxylation were measured. Hydroxyproline specific activity of nondialyzable procollagen in culture medium as well as extracellular and intracellular free proline specific activity were determined by an ultramicromethod in which the radiolabeled amino acids were reacted with [14C]dansyl chloride of known specific activity [Airhart et al. (1979) Anal. Biochem. 96, 45-55]. Procollagen production rates were readily determined by this method using 5 to 20 microCi [3H]proline and approximately 10(6) cells. It was found that 3H-procollagen production rate into culture medium was constant after a lag of 1.6 h, while procollagen production rate (0.23 pmol/microgram DNA . h) was constant from time zero to 9 h. The specific activities of extracellular and intracellular free proline were not constant during the labeling period, nor were they equal to procollagen specific activity. These data indicate that free proline pool specific activities are not a valid measure of procollagen specific activity. The experimental approach described obviates the need to define or characterize the proline precursor pool from which procollagen is synthesized, and may be readily applied to determine fibroblast procollagen production rates in vitro.

Fetus↗
PubMed1985

Taenia taeniaeformis: inhibition of rat testosterone production by excretory-secretory product of the cultured metacestode.

In 3- to 5-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats infected with the hepatic metacestode, Taenia taeniaeformis, the serum testosterone level was significantly lower than in comparable uninfected controls. By transmission electron microscopy, testicular Leydig cells of infected rats had less smooth endoplasmic reticulum than control Leydig cells. Cultured metacestodes isolated from the hepatic cysts secreted or excreted substances into the incubation medium. The effect of the excretory-secretory product on testosterone concentration in the sera and testes of 15-day-old rats was examined. Subcutaneous injection of 50-200 micrograms of excretory-secretory product/0.1 ml saline/rat for 2 days significantly reduced human chorionic gonadotropin-stimulated serum and testicular testosterone concentrations. Furthermore, the effect of the excretory-secretory product on isolated rat Leydig cell testosterone production was examined. Rat Leydig cells produced testosterone in vitro and, in the presence of 50 IU human chorionic gonadotropin/ml incubation medium, they responded with approximately 100% increase in testosterone production. Addition of 2-10 micrograms excretory-secretory product protein/ml of culture medium significantly reduced the testosterone production by rat Leydig cells in vitro. These results indicate that excretory-secretory product of cultured T. taeniaeformis metacestodes has a direct inhibitory effect on Leydig cell testosterone production under stimulation with human chorionic gonadotropin.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Cephalosporin C production by a highly productive Cephalosporium acremonium strain in an airlift tower loop reactor with static mixers.

The production of cephalosporin C (CPC) and its precursors penicillin N (PEN N), deacetoxycephalosporin C (DAOC) and deacetylcephalosporin C (DAC), with a highly productive strain of Cephalosporin acremonium, was investigated in an 80-1 airlift tower loop reactor with four static mixer modules (Type SMV, Sulzer) (ATLRM) on a complex medium containing 50 g l-1 peanut flour (PF). The most important key parameters such as glucose concentration and cell mass concentration were monitored during a fed-batch cultivation process. The concentrations of products CPC, PEN N, DAOC an DAC were determined on line by HPLC. The influences of four motionless mixers on the dissolved oxygen concentration (DOC), oxygen transfer rate, the cell growth and the CPC production, as well as the reactor performance, were evaluated. The results were compared with the performance of an airlift tower loop reactor (ATLR) without static mixers as well as with a stirred tank reactor (STR). A comparison of cultivations in the ATLRM and ATLR with 50 g l-1 PF indicates that the obtained maximal CPC concentration and the (CPC + DAC + DAOC) concentration were 7% and 22% higher in the ATLRM (4.96 and 7.46 g l-1) than in the ATLR (4.63 and 6.13 g l-1) respectively. The maximal CPC volumetric productivity in the ATLRM (55.1 mg l-1 h-1) was also considerably higher than that in the ATLR (48.5 mg l-1 h-1). The specific power input was reduced from 2.36 to 1.5 kW m-3, the specific productivity pertaining to the power input was improved from 1.96 to 3.31 g W-1. On the other hand, cultivation in the ATLRM had a lower maximum CPC concentration and volumetric productivity than those in STR (7.2 g l-1 and 71.2 mg l-1 h-1) with the same medium due to the lower shear stress levels and the lower specific power input (1.5 vs. 3.0 kW m-3); but the specific power imput-based yield coefficient was in the ATLRM (3.31 g W-1) higher than in the STR (2.40 g W-1). By increasing the amount of PF, it was possible to enhance the CPC concentration and volumetric productivity in the STR. However, the performance of the ATLRM was limited to using a medium containing maximal 50 g l-1 PF because of the high viscosity of the medium, the limited energy input and thus the limited oxygen supply.

Acremonium↗
PubMed1993

Display of biologically active proteins on the surface of filamentous phages: a cDNA cloning system for selection of functional gene products linked to the genetic information responsible for their production.

A cloning and expression system allowing display of functional cDNAs or other gene products on the surface of filamentous phage has been developed, exploiting the high-affinity interaction of the Jun and Fos leucine zippers. Gene jun was expressed from a lacZ promoter as a fusion protein with the viral coat protein, pIII, thereby being structurally incorporated into phage particles during infection with a helper phage. Using a second lacZ promoter of the phagemid, gene fos was co-expressed as an N-terminal fusion peptide to cDNA library gene products, so that the resulting Fos-fusion proteins could become associated with the Jun-decorated phage particles. To avoid interphage exchange of fos-cDNA fusion products, cysteines were engineered at the N- and C-termini of each of the leucine zippers, providing a covalent link of the cDNA gene product to the genetic instructions required for its production. Dissociation between phage and cDNA gene products was readily achieved using reducing agents. Phages displaying gene products covalently anchored on their surface via the modified leucine zippers can be selectively enriched 10(4)-10(6)-fold over nonspecific phages using antibodies. Thus, this cloning system allows rapid isolation of rare mRNA products from complex cDNA libraries by enrichment with appropriate ligands. This approach should allow the expression and cloning of dimeric proteins by cDNA shuffling.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2006

Testosterone directly induces progesterone production and interacts with physiological concentrations of LH to increase granulosa cell progesterone production in laying hens (Gallus domesticus).

Blocking testosterone action with immunization or with a specific antagonist blocks the preovulatory surge of progesterone and ovulation in laying hens. Thus, testosterone may stimulate progesterone production in a paracrine fashion within the ovary. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated the effects of testosterone and its interaction with LH on the production of progesterone by granulosa cells in culture. Hen granulosa cells obtained from preovulatory follicles were cultured in 96 well plates. The effects of testosterone (0-100ng/ml) and/or LH (0-100ng/ml) were evaluated. LH-stimulated progesterone production in a dose response manner up to 10ng/ml (p<0.01). Testosterone, up to 10ng/ml, increased progesterone production in a dose response manner in the absence of LH and at all doses of LH up to 1ng/ml (p<0.001). However, at supraphysiological concentrations of LH (10 and 100ng/ml) there was no further increase in progesterone production caused by testosterone (p>0.05). Finally, the addition of 2-hydroxyflutamide (0-1000mug/ml) to hen granulosa cells cultured with 10ng/ml of testosterone reduced progesterone production in a dose response manner (p<0.001). In conclusion, testosterone stimulates progesterone production in preovulatory follicle granulosa cells and interacts with physiological concentrations of LH to increase progesterone production. In addition, testosterone stimulation on granulosa cells is specific since the testosterone antagonist decreased testosterone stimulatory action.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Preparation and use of media for protease-producing bacterial strains based on by-products from Cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) and wastewaters from marine-products processing factories.

Cuttlefish powder (CFP) from Sepia officinalis by-products was prepared and tested as a fermentation substrate for microbial growth and protease production by several species of bacteria: Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus BG1, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. All microorganisms studied grew well and produced protease activity when cultivated in medium containing only CFP indicating that the strains can obtain their carbon and nitrogen source requirements directly from whole by-product proteins. Moreover, it was found that the addition to the cuttlefish medium of diluted fishery wastewaters (FWW), generated by marine-products processing factories, enhanced the production of protease. Maximum activity was obtained when cells were grown in cuttlefish media containing 5-times or 10-times diluted FWW. Five-times diluted FWW enhanced protease production by B. cereus BG1 and B. subtilis by 467% and 75% more than control media, respectively. The enhancement could have been due to the high organic content or high salts in FWW. As a result, cuttlefish by-products powder enriched with diluted FWW was found to be a suitable growth media for protease-producing strains. This new process, which converts underutilized wastes (liquid and solid) into more marketable and acceptable forms, coupled with protease production, can be an alternative way to the biological treatment of solid and liquid wastes generated by the cuttlefish processing industry.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Efficient production of Clostridium botulinum exotoxin C3 in bacteria: a screening method to optimize production yields.

Clostridium botulinum exoenzyme C3 is responsible for the inactivation of members of the Rho GTPase family that are implicated in actin-cytoskeleton reorganization. This property has been extensively used in the field to investigate the functionality of the Rho GTPases. However, systematic analysis of Rho GTPase functions requires large amounts of such inhibitors and consequently an optimization of the production yield of these proteins. Bacterial production of soluble proteins often requires a refolding step that noticeably affects the production yields and necessitates additional experiments to verify functional activity. This is particularly true for TAT-C3, the production yields of which are generally low. In this report, we describe a rapid and efficient method for the production of soluble C3 exoenzyme developed by screening a collection of bacterial strains. The recombinant C3 protein was fused to the TAT protein-transduction domain from HIV, to allow protein delivery into cells, and to a hexahistidine tag, that permitted purification by Nickel affinity chromatography. We have demonstrated the production of large amounts of soluble and functional protein using the bacterial strain AD494 (DE3)pLysS. This rapid and efficient method for the production of soluble C3 exoenzyme could also be useful for the production of other proteins with solubility problems.

ADP Ribose Transferases↗
PubMed1998

Heat-killed Lactobacillus plantarum L-137 suppresses naturally fed antigen-specific IgE production by stimulation of IL-12 production in mice.

BACKGROUND: Food allergy is caused by production of IgE against dietary antigen induced by T(H2) response. IL-12 inhibits T(H2) responses and strongly suppresses IgE production. We have recently established a murine model for IgE production with a predominant T(H2) response induced by feeding antigen. OBJECTIVE: We here show a suppressive effect of heat-killed Lactobacillus plantarum L-137, a potent inducer of IL-12, on IgE production against naturally fed antigen in a murine model. METHODS: The ability of L. plantarum L-137 to induce IL-12 production was examined in vitro and in vivo. DBA/2 mice were fed a casein diet and injected intraperitoneally with L. plantarum L-137 from the beginning of feeding or 2 weeks later. Recombinant mouse IL-12 was also injected 2 weeks after the start of feeding. Casein-specific IgE and IgG1 in plasma were determined by ELISA. RESULTS: L. plantarum L-137 directly induced IL-12 production by the peritoneal macrophages and also stimulated spleen cells to produce both IL-12 and interferon-gamma in vitro. In vivo treatment of L. plantarum L-137 also increased the plasma level of IL-12 in mice. Plasma anti-casein IgG1 and IgE levels were gradually elevated in DBA/2 mice fed a casein diet. Administration of L. plantarum L-137 from the beginning of feeding suppressed the elevation of anti-casein IgE levels, whereas the levels of anti-casein IgG1 were rather augmented by L. plantarum L-137. IL-12 production of the peritoneal macrophages was enhanced, but IL-4 production of concanavalin A (Con A)-stimulated spleen cells was suppressed in the L. plantarum L-137-treated mice compared with control mice fed a casein diet. When L. plantarum L-137 was given from 2 weeks after the start of feeding, anti-casein IgE levels were also significantly suppressed, which was similar to the result found in mice treated with IL-12. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that L. plantarum L-137, a potent IL-12 inducer, is useful for prevention and treatment of food allergy.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Grain dust induces IL-8 production from bronchial epithelial cells: the effect of dexamethasone on IL-8 production.

BACKGROUND: Recent publications have suggested an active participation of neutrophils to induce bronchoconstriction after inhalation of grain dust (GD). OBJECTIVE: To further understand the role of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of GD-induced asthma, this investigation was designed to determine whether human bronchial epithelial cells could produce IL-8 production and to observe the effect of dexamethasone on IL-8 production. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We cultured Beas-2B, a bronchial epithelial cell line. To observe GD-induced responses, four concentrations (1 to 200 microg/mL) of GD were incubated for 24 hours and compared with those without incubation of GD. To evaluate the effect of pro-inflammatory cytokines on IL-8 production, epithelial cells were incubated with peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) culture supernatant, which was derived from the culture of PBMC from a GD-induced asthmatic subject under the exposure to 10 microg/mL of GD, and compared with those cultured without addition of PBMC supernatant. The level of released IL-8 in the supernatant was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. To evaluate the effect of dexamethasone on IL-8 production, four concentrations (5 to 5000 ng/mL) of dexamethasone were pre-incubated for 24 hours and the same experiments were repeated. RESULTS: There was significant production of IL-8 from bronchial epithelial cells with additions of GD in a dose-dependent manner (P < .05), which was significantly augmented with additions of PBMC supernatant (P < .05) at each concentration. Compared with the untreated sample, pretreatment of dexamethasone could induced a remarkable inhibitions (15% to 55%) of IL-8 production from bronchial epithelial cells in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that IL-8 production from bronchial epithelial cells may contribute to neutrophil recruitment occurring in GD-induced airway inflammation. The downregulation of IL-8 production by dexamethasone from bronchial epithelial cells may contribute to the efficacy of this compound in reducing cellular infiltration and ultimately to its anti-inflammatory property.

Bronchi↗
PubMed1999

Systemic mycobacterial infection inhibits antigen-specific immunoglobulin E production, bronchial mucus production and eosinophilic inflammation induced by allergen.

As the burden of infectious diseases becomes reduced in many countries, a remarkable increase in the incidence of allergies has occurred. The basis for the rise in atopic disorders as a correlate of the decline in infectious diseases has not been defined. In the present study, we tested experimentally whether prior systemic infection with Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette Guérin (BCG) had any effect on ovalbumin (OVA) Al(OH)3 (alum)-induced immunoglobulin E (IgE) production, airway mucus production and eosinophilic inflammation. The data showed that allergen-specific IgE production and OVA-induced eosinophilia and goblet cell development were significantly inhibited by prior infection with BCG. Correspondingly, following immunization with OVA alum, BCG-infected mice exhibited significantly higher levels of allergen-driven interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production than the mice without infection. The ratio of IFN-gamma: interleukin (IL)-4 production was higher in OVA-sensitized mice with prior BCG infection than in those without infection. The abrogation of OVA-induced mucus production and pulmonary eosinophilia in BCG-infected mice correlated with significantly decreased IL-5 production and increased IFN-gamma and IL-12 production. These data provide direct evidence that intracellular bacterial infection (i.e. BCG) can inhibit antigen-specific IgE and airway reactivity induced by environmental allergen. Furthermore, the results suggest that changes in cytokine-producing patterns of T lymphocytes and other cells may be the mechanism by which infections influence allergies.

Allergens↗
PubMed2000

The role of arginine 47 in the cyclization and coupling reactions of cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase from Bacillus circulans strain 251 implications for product inhibition and product specificity.

Cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (CGTase) (EC 2.4.1.19) is used for the industrial production of cyclodextrins. Its application, however, is hampered by the limited cyclodextrin product specificity and the strong inhibitory effect of cyclodextrins on CGTase activity. Recent structural studies have identified Arg47 in the Bacillus circulans strain 251 CGTase as an active-site residue interacting with cyclodextrins, but not with linear oligosaccharides. Arg47 thus may specifically affect CGTase reactions with cyclic substrates or products. Here we show that mutations in Arg47 (to Leu or Gln) indeed have a negative effect on the cyclization and coupling activities; Arg47 specifically stabilizes the oligosaccharide chain in the transition state for these reactions. As a result, the mutant proteins display a shift in product specificity towards formation of larger cyclodextrins. As expected, both mutants also showed lower affinities for cyclodextrins in the coupling reaction, and a reduced competitive (product) inhibition of the disproportionation reaction by cyclodextrins. Both mutants also provide valuable information about the processes taking place during cyclodextrin production assays. Mutant Arg47-->Leu displayed an increased hydrolyzing activity, causing accumulation of increasing amounts of short oligosaccharides in the reaction mixture, which resulted in lower final amounts of cyclodextrins produced from starch. Interestingly, mutant Arg47-->Gln displayed an increased ratio of cyclization/coupling and a decreased hydrolyzing activity. Due to the decreased coupling activity, which especially affects the production of larger cyclodextrins, this CGTase variant produced the various cyclodextrins in a stable ratio in time. This feature is very promising for the industrial application of CGTase enzymes with improved product specificity.

Amino Acid Substitution↗
PubMed1987

[Consequences of nutritional and husbandry factors on the heat production of rats and broilers. 2. Effect of environmental temperature on the heat production of fully grown broilers and rats].

In an experiment with broilers (origin Tetra B) and with rats (albino, Wistar line) with 2 animals each, heat production was ascertained by measuring CO2 production and O2 consumption over 20 minutes after their feeding 18 h and 1 h before the beginning of measuring at ambient temperatures of 30, 25, 20, 15 and 10 degrees C. Every variant was followed through over 6 h/d in 12 measuring sections. The feed amount/ánimal and day was adapted to energy maintenance requirement. At the beginning of the experiments the broilers and rats were 14 and 21 weeks old resp. and weighed 2.2 kg and 220 g resp. The variation of the ambient temperature did not influence the heat production of the broilers. In contrast to this, the time of feeding in relation to the beginning of measuring had a distinct effect on heat production. Whereas a heat production of 342 +/- 34 kJ/kg LW0.75.d was ascertained in the postabsorptive state 18 h after the last feed intake, it increased by 11% to 393 +/- 32 kJ/kg LW0.75.d when measuring began 1 h after feeding. The very act of feed intake increased heat production by 75%. Rats showed a distinct increase of heat production caused by a decreasing ambient temperature. In the temperature range of 30-25 degrees C the increase was shallower than in the range of 25-10 degrees C. Per 1 degrees C below 25 degrees C heat production increased by 30 kJ/kg LW0.75.d. The increase was independent of the metabolism level, which was influenced by the feeding variants. The results are discussed in connection with Rubner's theory of heat compensation.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1977

Regulation of reaginic antibody production in mice. I. Suppression by antigen of IgE antibody production in vitro.

Regulation of IgE production by antigen in a primed murine splenic lymphocyte culture system was described. Maximum IgE antibody production was found to occur when cells were cultured in the absence of exogenously added antigen. A cells and T lymphocytes did not affect the production of anti-DNP IgE antibody. By using a hapten-carrier antigen system (DNP-EA) for priming mice in vivo, it was found that the production of anti-DNP IgE by spleen cells in vitro was inhibited by hapten when coupled to homologous (EA) or heterologous (BGG) carrier, and was not enhanced or inhibited by homologous carrier. Anti-DNP IgE antibody production by cultures depleted of macrophages or T lymphocytes was found to be as sensitive to the suppressive effects of hapten as was the IgE production by whole spleen cell cultures. Both IgM and IgG secondary anti-DNP PFC responses in vitro were enhanced by the presence of the homologous hapten-carrier or carrier alone. DNP-BGG had no effect on the anti-DNP IgM or IgG PFC responses of the cultures. These data suggest that endogenous production of antibody (IgM or IgG) was not responsible for the observed suppression of the IgE response in vitrol The experimental results presented indicate that the regulation of the IgE production by antigen in the primed mouse splenic lymphocyte cultures was a consequence of the direct interaction of hapten with IgE B cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Comparison of fluorescence characteristics of products of peroxidation of membrane phospholipids with those of products derived from reaction of malonaldehyde with glycine as a model of lipofuscin fluorescent substances.

The fluorescence characteristics of product (I), formed during the lipid peroxidation of rat liver phosphatidylcholine liposomes containing glycine, and fluorescent product (II), derived from the reaction of malonaldehyde with glycine, were examined to elucidate the mechanism of fluorescent chromophore formation. Fluorescent product (I) had a fluorescence emission maximum at 430 nm when excited at 360 nm; its fluorescence intensity decreases in alkaline medium, but is restored by readjustment of pH to neutrality. In contrast, fluorescent product (II) exhibited an emission maximum at 458 nm, and the fluorescence was quenched at acidic pH. The fluorescent substances formed during the lipid peroxidation of hemoglobin-free human erythrocyte ghost membranes had similar fluorescence characteristics to product (I). Gel filtration experiments showed that molecular size of fluorescent product (I) was larger than that of fluorescent product (II). The thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances released from peroxidizing liposomal phospholipids had a larger molecular size than malonaldehyde, and produced little or no fluorescence with glycine. It is concluded that the precursor of the fluorescent product formed during the lipid peroxidation of membrane phospholipids differs from malonaldehyde. The mechanism of the formation of blue emitting fluorescent material, believed to be a component of lipofuscin, seems to involve peroxidized phospholipids of the membrane.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Clinical studies on cell-mediated immunity in patients with urinary bladder carcinoma: blastogenic response, interleukin-2 production and interferon-gamma production of lymphocytes.

Patients with advanced malignant neoplasms have a variety of abnormal lymphocyte functions. We examined the PHA blastogenic response, interleukin-2 (IL-2) production and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production of lymphocytes in 39 bladder cancer patients and 20 control subjects. Correlation between these parameters was also studied. IL-2 production was measured by 3H-thymidine-labelled CTLL-2 assay, and IFN-gamma production was measured by immunoradiometric assay using 2 mouse monoclonal antibodies. As a result, in high stage bladder cancer patients, the PHA blastogenic response, IL-2 production and IFN-gamma production were impaired. However, these parameters were not significantly different between low stage bladder cancer patients and control subjects. There was a significant correlation between the PHA blastogenic response and IL-2 production but no significant correlation between the PHA blastogenic response and IFN-gamma production.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Inhibition of aflatoxin B production of Aspergillus flavus, isolated from soybean seeds by certain natural plant products.

AIMS: The inhibitory effect of cowdung fumes, Captan, leaf powder of Withania somnifera, Hyptis suaveolens, Eucalyptus citriodora, peel powder of Citrus sinensis, Citrus medica and Punica granatum, neem cake and pongamia cake and spore suspension of Trichoderma harzianum and Aspergillus niger on aflatoxin B(1) production by toxigenic strain of Aspergillus flavus isolated from soybean seeds was investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS: Soybean seed was treated with different natural products and fungicide captan and was inoculated with toxigenic strain of A. flavus and incubated for different periods. The results showed that all the treatments were effective in controlling aflatoxin B(1) production. Captan, neem cake, spore suspension of T. harzianum, A. niger and combination of both reduced the level of aflatoxin B(1) to a great extent. Leaf powder of W. somnifera, H. suaveolens, peel powder of C. sinensis, C. medica and pongamia cake also controlled the aflatoxin B(1) production. CONCLUSIONS: All the natural product treatments applied were significantly effective in inhibiting aflatoxin B(1) production on soybean seeds by A. flavus. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: These natural plant products may successfully replace chemical fungicides and provide an alternative method to protect soybean and other agricultural commodities from aflatoxin B(1) production by A. flavus.

Aflatoxin B1↗