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At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Abdominal pain with rigidity secondary to the anti-emetic drug metoclopramide.

We report a case of abdominal pain with rigidity, mimicking an acute abdomen, caused by metoclopramide, a common anti-emetic drug. Extrapyramidal symptoms are commonly reported side-effects of this medication. They generally include involuntary movements of limbs, torticollis, oculogyric crisis, rhythmic protrusion of tongue, trismus, or dystonic reactions resembling tetanus, etc. Abdominal rigidity due to this medication, resembling an acute abdomen, has not been reported previously. This case report illustrates the importance of considering medication side-effects when evaluating a patient with abdominal pain and rigidity.

Abdomen, Acute↗
PubMed2005

Lack of association between prepulse inhibition and antisaccadic deficits in chronic schizophrenia: implications for identification of schizophrenia endophenotypes.

Individuals with schizophrenia, compared to healthy individuals, are known to exhibit deficient prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the startle response as well as reduced performance on the antisaccade task. There is evidence for genetic transmission of both PPI and antisaccadic abnormalities in schizophrenia. It has been suggested that PPI and antisaccade measures identify separate endophenotypes, on the basis of a lack of relationship between PPI and antisaccade deficits in patients with schizotypal personality disorder. However, given that patients with schizotypal personality disorder are unlikely to manifest all the abnormalities associated with schizophrenia, it is important to determine that there is no relationship present between these two abnormalities in people affected with schizophrenia. The main objective of this investigation therefore was to establish the lack of the association between PPI and antisaccade deficits in schizophrenia in two independent studies. Study 1 involved 39 patients with schizophrenia and 14 healthy controls and study 2 involved 35 patients with schizophrenia and 22 healthy controls. PPI (uninstructed paradigm) of the acoustically elicited startle (eye blink) was measured electromyographically. Antisaccadic eye movements (standard, non-overlap version) were measured using infrared oculography. Patients displayed reduced PPI and a lower percentage of correct antisaccades relative to healthy controls in both studies. As expected, no relationship occurred between PPI and the percentage of correct antisaccade responses in either group. It is concluded that PPI and antisaccade abnormalities in schizophrenia represent separate endophenotypes, reflecting the functions of different genetic aetiologies and different or only partially overlapping neural systems.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Neuroleptic effects on platelet aggregation: a study in normal volunteers and schizophrenics.

Platelet-rich plasma from healthy controls was pre-treated with neuroleptics of the phenothiazine, butyrophenone or benzamide variety before aggregation with one of the following agonist agents: ADP, adrenaline, 5-HT, collagen, platelet activating factor or ristocetin. All compounds effective as antipsychotics, except sulpiride, depressed aggregation. Unmedicated schizophrenics showed aggregation responses indistinguishable from healthy controls. However, within days of treatment with either trifluoroperazine or haloperidol responses became abnormal in acutely psychotic patients. Increased responses to 5-HT and depressed responses to platelet activating factor were detected. After 4 weeks of treatment responses tended to return to normal. Aggregation responses were normal in those patients on long-term depot neuroleptics.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

The coincidence of schizophrenia and Parkinsonism: some neurochemical implications.

The hypothesis has recently been advanced that increased activity of central dopaminergic mechanisms underlies the symptomatology of the schizophrenias. The evidence that dopaminergic transmission in the corpus striatum is impaired in Parkinson's disease suggests that observations on the relationship between Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia may illuminate the patholophysiology of the latter disease. Four cases are reported in which an illness with schizophrenic features developed in the setting of longstanding Parkinson's disease; attention is drawn to earlier reports of schizophrenic illnesses occurring as postencephalitic sequelae in the presence of a parkinsonian syndrome. These observations appear to conflict with the view that increased dopamine release in the striatum is necessary for the expression of schizophrenic psychopathology, but do not exclude the possibility that increased transmission may occur at other dopaminergic sites in the brain, for example the nucleus accumbens, tuberculum olfactorium or cerebral cortex. Similarly the dopamine receptor blockade hypothesis of the therapeutic effects of neuroleptic drugs cannot be maintained with respect to an action in the striatum in view of the differences between the actions of thioridazine and chlorpromazine in this structure, but may be tenable for actions at extra-straital sites.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Development of a new inhibitor of glucosylceramide synthase.

Analogs of the potent inhibitor of glucosylceramide (GlcCer) synthase, D-threo-1-phenyl-2-palmitoylamino-3-pyrrolidino-1-propanol (P4), based on substitutions in the palmitoyl group were made by means of a stereo-selective synthetic method in order to elucidate the role of the hydrophobic portion in both the inhibitory action toward the enzyme and the biological effects. While P4 strongly inhibited GlcCer synthase with an IC(50) of 0.5 microM in vitro, it also inhibited cell growth by 50% at the concentration of 7 microM. The shorter N-acyl chain analogs including decanoyl, octanoyl, and hexanoyl groups showed similar IC(50) values for GlcCer synthase (around 2 microM) but the hexanoyl analog exhibited only a slight inhibitory effect on cell growth, showing the dissociation between GlcCer depletion and cell growth. Several compounds which exhibit similar hydrophobicity to the hexanoyl analog of P4 were subsequently designed. We found that D-threo-1-phenyl-2-benzyloxycarbonylamino-3-pyrrolidino-1-pr opanol (PBPP) was a most potent inhibitor, showing an IC50 of 0.3 microM. In cultured cells, PBPP was able to deplete glycosphingolipids without affecting cell growth or the ceramide level.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Carbamazepine compared to haloperidol in acute mania.

In a double-blind, between-patient clinical trial carbamazepine (CBZ) (n = 8) was compared to haloperidol (HP) (n = 9) in patients presenting with mania (DSM III). Seven patients on HP and 2 on CBZ failed to complete 4 weeks treatment. In 4 of the HP group this was because of extrapyramidal side-effects (EPS). Two patients on CBZ and 2 on HP were withdrawn because of lack of efficacy. Statistically significant clinical improvement was seen in both groups within the first 2 weeks of treatment with HP acting more quickly. In addition to EPS which occurred in HP patients, drowsiness was experienced in 4 on CBZ and 3 on HP, and gastrointestinal symptoms in 3 on CBZ. No serious haematological changes, nor abnormalities in clinical chemistry occurred in either group. We conclude that CBZ appears to be a potentially useful drug in the treatment of acute mania.

Acute Disease↗