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PubMed1995

[The residents of mental health services in 1994. Population characteristics and its opinions about graduation].

Departing from two surveys that took place during a Mental Health Meeting of the Health Residents from Buenos Aires, the main features and their opinions upon their education and work are analyzed. The results are discriminated by profession. Two problems are highlighted: one of them refers to the general insatisfaction of this group with their theoretical learning; the other, shows the exit of prepared human resources from public hospitals. The data suggest that, despite sharing most of their activities, psychologists and psychiatrists have significant different opinions about the clinic education they think are getting. Further research is suggested in order to have a deeper comprehension of what is going on in these training programs.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

New characteristics of population in China at the cross-century period.

"In the 21 years since China launched its family planning program nationwide, the Chinese population characteristics have gone through profound changes. Timely understanding of the new characteristics and their influences on population reproduction is of significant theoretical and practical importance for population changes in China as we enter into the 21st century. This article offers a comprehensive analysis of this process of change." Particular attention is given to demographic aging and its consequences.

Asia↗
PubMed1980

Urine drug testing survey and characteristics of populations of seven Los Angeles County methadone maintenance clinics.

One thousand urine samples from each of the seven Los Angeles County methadone maintenance clinics were examined for presence of drugs of abuse. The clinic populations were also concurrently studied with regard to various social factors. Significant variations which have been found among the clinics in both population characteristics and drugs detected in urine samples are discussed in the paper.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Evolution of advantageous alleles affecting population ecological characteristics in partially inbreeding populations.

The fate of advantageous alleles affecting intrinsic growth rate, carrying capacity or intra-specific competitive ability was examined in a partially inbreeding population. Generally, inbreeding had an effect on the evolution of advantageous alleles affecting population ecological characteristics. For example, in a specific underdominant case the number of stable internal equilibria decreased from two to one with only a slight degree of inbreeding. Equilibrium frequencies of stable internal equilibria and stability of fixation equilibria were also affected by the degree of inbreeding. For strictly advantageous alleles, inbreeding had the same qualitative effect on the fixation probability and mean fixation time as predicted in simpler selection models.

Alleles↗
PubMed1994

Primary care physician turnover in HMOs.

OBJECTIVE: We assess whether physician turnover stems from incorrect physician expectations about the practice environment or from actual constraints or rewards in that environment. DATA SOURCES: Our primary data source contains information about individual HMOs' primary care physicians incentive mechanisms and general HMO characteristics. Our secondary data source is the area resource file (ARF), which contains countywide information about the HMOs' market areas, including physician characteristics, population characteristics, and other market characteristics. DATA COLLECTION: Our primary data source is from a nationwide survey of all HMOs in operation in 1987-1988, as reported to Interstudy. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We find that turnover is higher on the part of physicians whose HMO enrollment comprises a greater percentage of their total practice. Our results further indicate that physicians whose compensation is dependent on the behavior of a group of other physicians are more likely to leave the plan than those who bear the risk (and control it) more directly. On the other hand, turnover is increased by basing bonuses on individual productivity and by not sharing surpluses among a group. Market characteristics also are significant in explaining physician turnover in HMOs. CONCLUSIONS: It appears that physicians accurately forecast how they will react to individual financial risk, although they dislike restrictions imposed by HMOs.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1982

Surgical rate variations: do they reflect the health or socioeconomic characteristics of the population?

Major unexplained variations in surgical rates have been documented across geographic areas over at least the last four decades. This paper attempts to assess the contribution that population characteristics make to these variations. Variations in surgical rates among the elderly across 56 small rural areas are compared with variations in characteristics of the elderly population of these areas including self-reported health status, levels of disability, mental status, socioeconomic status, ethnic characteristics, etc. The data do not support a needs model for explaining variations in surgical rates. High rate areas were not characterized by an elderly population that was disabled and in ill health. High rate areas did contain a more educated elderly populations, as well as more elderly whose national origins were Canadian, British or American.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

Characteristics of the childbearing population in Europe.

OBJECTIVE: To report the distribution and availability of the indicators describing the population of childbearing women in Europe and to assess the impact of the difference in the distribution of two of these indicators (age and multiple births) on some outcome indicators. METHODS: The six PERISTAT indicators of population characteristics were computed using data from a survey of data providers in Europe. For maternal age and multiple births, the impact on health outcome was simulated for the extremes of the distribution using indirect standardised rates. RESULTS: Data availability is good for basic demographic indicators (age, parity, multiple births), but less complete for indicators of social characteristics (education, smoking, country of birth). Further, common definitions are not used for the latter. Simulations of the impact of maternal age on health outcome found that variation in the maternal age distribution may cause trisomy 21 rates to differ by nearly 20% and maternal mortality ratios by nearly 50%. CONCLUSION: Indicators of basic population characteristics are not collected routinely in every country. The crude distribution of these indicators is essential for international comparisons. Interpretation of comparative data would be improved by collection of health outcomes and service use by maternal characteristics.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Population-genetic characteristic of the rural population of southern Tajikistan].

The results of genetic and demographic study of the inhabitants in south Tadjikistan are presented. It had been shown that the population studied is a typical rural population of Middle Asia and is characterized by the extended reproductive capacity, homogeneity of national composition and a high proportion of consanguineous marriages. Genetic variation in blood groups (AB0, MN, Rh-D, P1), serum proteins and red cell enzyme systems (Tf, Gc, Hp, PGM1, PGD, EsD, AcP1) was examined. A comparative analysis of gene frequencies in the population studied and some other Middle Asia populations has been carried out.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Population differences of fetal biophysical and behavioral characteristics.

Population differences in nonstress test reactivity have been reported with a threefold increase in the likelihood of nonreactive nonstress tests observed in black fetuses as compared with white fetuses. We analyzed fetal behavioral states and fetal heart rates in 14 black and 15 white fetuses at term to explain this observed difference in nonstress test reactivity. Two-hour Doppler and real-time ultrasonographic examination of each patient revealed no differences in percent time spent in the four behavioral states between the two populations. A 9.5 beats/min difference between black and white fetuses was found. The higher baseline heart rate of the black fetuses persisted in each behavioral state and may affect nonstress test reactivity because of rate-dependent decreases in short-term variability and rate-dependent limitations of maximal acceleration amplitude.

Behavior↗
PubMed1994

Population genetic characteristics of the D1S80 locus in seven human populations.

We have analyzed the allele frequency distribution at the highly polymorphic variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) locus D1S80 (pMCT118) in seven ethnic populations (namely, New Guinea Highlanders of Papua New Guinea, Dogrib Indians of Canada, Pehuenche Indians of Chile, American and Western Samoans, Kacharis of Northeast India, and German Caucasians) using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. In the pooled sample of 443 unrelated individuals 20 segregating alleles were detected. A trimodal pattern of allelic distribution is present in the majority of populations and is indicative of the evolutionary antiquity of the polymorphism at this locus. In spite of the observed high degree of polymorphism (expected heterozygosity 56%-86%), with a single exception--the marginally significant P value (0.04) of the exact test in American Samoans--the genotype distributions in all populations conform to their respective Hardy-Weinberg expectations. Summary statistics indicate that, in general, the allele frequency distribution at this locus may be approximated by the infinite allele model. The data also demonstrate that alleles that are shared by all populations have the highest average frequency within populations. Furthermore, the kinship bioassay analysis demonstrates that the extensive variation observed at the D1S80 locus is at the interindividual within population level, which dwarfs any interpopulation allele frequency variation, consistent with the population dynamics of hypervariable polymorphisms. These characteristics of the D1S80 locus make it a very useful marker for population genetic research, genetic linkage studies, forensic identification of individuals, and for determination of biological relatedness of individuals.

Alleles↗
PubMed1990

Telephone directory listings of presumptive Chinese surnames: an appropriate sampling frame for a dispersed population with characteristic surnames.

Choosing an appropriate sampling frame for an epidemiologic study depends on the characteristics of the population under investigation and the sources available for identification of potential subjects. Not all countries maintain (or permit sampling from) population registers. In studies of dispersed populations, electoral rolls may lead to sampling bias, and random-digit dialing is inefficient. A dispersed population characterized by distinctive surnames might be appropriately identified and sampled through telephone directory listings, however. The method proved feasible and efficient for a prevalence study of health-related characteristics of Chinese residents in Melbourne, Australia, yielding a sample demographically comparable to the corresponding census population.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Enrolment into Birth to Ten (BTT): population and sample characteristics.

The population under study in the South African longitudinal study of urban children and their families, 'Birth to Ten' (BTT), comprised all births during a 7-week period from April to June 1990 in Soweto-Johannesburg. Specification of the population base for the cohort was hampered by a number of flaws in the notification and record-keeping systems of the local authorities. As far as could be ascertained, 5460 singleton births occurred during this time to women who gave a permanent address within the defined region. Enrolment into BTT took place over the first 15 months of the study and covered the antenatal, delivery, 6-month and 1-year periods. By the end of this time, and despite a major health service strike during the delivery phase, 74% of all births (4029 cases) had been enrolled into the study. There were marked variations in levels of enrolment, however, by population group membership, residential area and place of delivery. In general, there was substantial under-enrolment of largely middle-class white women and their babies. Initial non-enrolment of specific segments of the population and attrition of the enrolled sample up to the end of the first year are discussed in the context of racial and social differentiation in South Africa.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Biology of the human myeloma cell population. I.Macromolecular characteristics.

Several human myeloma cell populations were studied using a combination of cytochemical (Unna-Pappenheim and naphthol yellow staining, Feulgen reaction) and autoradiographical (uridine, leucine, thymidine uptake and actinomycin binding) techniques. Progressive differentiation of the myeloma population was associated with: 1. a loss of proliferative activity, 2. decreased transcriptional capacity, 3. decreased RNA and protein synthesis, 4. increased RNA and protein concentrations, 5. greater stability of the protein synthesis template. The existence of a pre-myelomatous compartment is suggested in the light of these results and those of previous kinetic studies in vivo.

Cell Cycle↗