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141 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Effects of DX-9386, a traditional Chinese preparation, on passive and active avoidance performances in mice.

The acute effects of DX-9386, a traditional Chinese medicinal preparation (ginseng, polygala, acorus and hoelen), were studied on learning and memory performances in passive and active avoidance tests in normal, as well as in learning-impaired, mice. A single oral administration of the prescription had no effect on memory registration, consolidation or retrieval or on motor activity in normal mice. DX-9386 reduced the ethanol-induced impairment of memory registration in the step-down test and also tended to ameliorate the scopolamine-induced memory registration deficit in the same test. The preparation reduced the number of spontaneous responses in the active avoidance test. The preparation also prolonged the disappearance of righting reflex induced by pentobarbital. These results suggest that DX-9386 ameliorates the impairment effect of ethanol on learning and memory processes and also exhibits a sedative effect.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1994

Ameliorative effects of chronic treatment using DX-9386, a traditional Chinese prescription, on learning performance and lipid peroxide content in senescence accelerated mouse.

DX-9386 is a traditional Chinese prescription consisting of ginseng, polygala, acorus and hoelen. The effect of chronic oral treatment with this preparation on learning behaviors and lipid peroxide concentration was studied in senescence accelerated mouse (SAM). SAM P8, a senescence prone of SAM, and SAM R1, a senescence resistant substrain of SAM, were started on a diet containing 1% of DX-9386 from the age of 2 months. All the experiments were performed at the age of 10 months. The prescription ameliorated the memory disorders of SAM P8, as evaluated in a step down test as well as a spatial memory test. The preparation, however, did not affect the learning behaviors in SAM R1. DX-9386 reduced the elevated levels of lipid peroxide in the serum and liver of SAM P8, while it did not alter that in SAM R1. These results suggested that DX-9386 slowed the aging process of SAM P8 in terms of learning behaviors and lipid peroxidation.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1994

Beneficial effects of DX-9386, a traditional Chinese prescription, on memory disorder produced by lesioning the amygdala in mice.

The amygdala is one of the key areas of the brain involved in learning and memory. Bilateral lesions of the amygdala in 9-week-old mice induced impairment of memory acquisition and retention. DX-9386, a traditional Chinese medicinal prescription consisting of ginseng, polygala, acorus and hoelen, was orally administered to the lesioned mice after the operation until all the experiments were completed. From 15d after surgery, learning behavior in the step-down test was observed daily for 10 d. DX-9386 treatment ameliorated the memory acquisition deficit. The number of step-down events in the first testing trial was significantly decreased by administration of 250 mg/kg of the prescription to the lesioned group of mice. Choline acetyltransferase activity in the cerebral cortex of the lesioned mice was significantly decreased, while repeated administration of the prescription did not affect this biochemical parameter. These results indicate that the memory acquisition enhancing effect of DX-9386 may not be achieved by direct activation of cholinergic transmission in the brain but by some other mechanism(s).

Amygdala↗
PubMed1994

Anti-aging effect of DX-9386 in senescence accelerated mouse.

The effects of DX-9386, a traditional Chinese prescription (ginseng, acorus, polygala and hoelen) were studied on life span, the degree of senescence, motor activity and the antibody production response in senescence accelerated mouse (SAM). DX-9386-containing food was given to SAM for 13 consecutive months from 2 months of age. DX-9386 significantly prolonged the life span of SAM, prevented body weight decrease with aging and tended to improve the senile syndrome. The motor activity of SAMP8 was higher than that of SAMR1, and DX-9386 tended to increase the activity in SAMP8. The in vivo antibody production was markedly decreased in SAMP8 and DX-9386 showed no ameliorating effect on that. These results suggest that DX-9386 has anti-aging impact.

Aging↗
PubMed1995

Effect of senegin-II on blood glucose in normal and NIDDM mice.

The hypoglycemic effect of senegin-II, the main component of Polygala senega (Polygalaceae), was examined in normal and KK-Ay mice, one of the model animals of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Senegin-II (2.5 mg/kg) reduced the level of blood glucose in normal mice from 220 +/- 8 to 131 +/- 5 mg/dl 4 hours after intraperitoneal administration (P < 0.001), and also significantly lowered the blood glucose of KK-Ay mice from 434 +/- 9 to 142 +/- 6 mg/dl under similar conditions (P < 0.001).

Animals↗
PubMed2004

PAP 9704, a Korean herbal medicine attenuates methamphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion via adenosine A2A receptor stimulation in mice.

The effect of PAP 9704, a traditional prescription in Korea consisting of Polygala tenuifolia, Acorus gramineus, and Poria cocos at a ratio of 1:1:1 (dry weight), on methamphetamine (MA)-induced hyperlocomotion was examined in mice. The increased locomotor activity induced by MA (1 mg/kg/d, i.p. x 7) was significantly attenuated by co-administration with PAP 9704 (100 or 200 mg/kg/d, p.o. x 7) in a dose dependent manner. Consistently, it was found that the hyperlocomotor activity occurred in parallel with the expression of striatal fos-related antigen immunoreactivity. The adenosine A(2A) receptor antagonist, 1,3,7-trimethyl-8-(3-chlorostyryl)xanthine (0.5 or 1.0 mg/kg, i.p.), significantly reversed the pharmacological action of PAP 9704 in a dose related manner, but the adenosine A(1) receptor antagonist 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dimethylxanthine (0.5 or 1.0 mg/kg, i.p.) and the A(2B) receptor antagonist alloxazine (1.5 or 3.0 mg/kg, i.p.) did not significantly affect this pharmacological action. Our results suggest that PAP 9704 prevents MA-induced hyperlocomotion, at least in part, via the stimulation of the adenosine A(2A) receptor.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Bioactive saponins and glycosides. I. Senegae radix. (1): E-senegasaponins a and b and Z-senegasaponins a and b, their inhibitory effect on alcohol absorption and hypoglycemic activity.

E-Senegasaponins a, b, and c were isolated from Senegae Radix, the root of Polygala senega L. var. latifolia TORREY et GRAY, together with their Z-isomers of the 4"-methoxycinnamoyl moiety, Z-senegasaponins a, b, and c. The structures of E-senegasaponins a and b and Z-senegasaponins a and b have been elucidated on the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence, and the geometrical isomeric structure of the 4"-methoxycinnamoyl group in each saponin was found to show tautomer-like behavior in methanol solution or under irradiation with fluorescent lamps. E and Z-Senegasaponins a and b were found to exhibit potent inhibitory effects on alcohol absorption and hypoglycemic activity in the oral D-glucose tolerance tests in rats, and some structure-activity relationships of the acylated bisdesmoside-type saponins were clarified.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Bioactive saponins and glycosides. II. Senegae Radix. (2): Chemical structures, hypoglycemic activity, and ethanol absorption-inhibitory effect of E-senegasaponin c, Z-senegasaponin c, and Z-senegins II, III, and IV.

Following the characterization of E-senegasaponins a and b and Z-senegasaponins a and b, new bioactive saponins named E-senegasaponin c and Z-senegasaponin c were isolated from Senegae Radix, the root of Polygala senega L. var. latifolia TORREY et GRAY., together with Z-senegins II, III, and IV. The chemical structures of E and Z-senegasaponins c and Z-senegins II, III, and IV were elucidated on the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence, and the geometrical isomeric structures of the 4"-methoxycinnamoyl and 3",4"-dimethoxycinnamoyl groups in these saponins were found to show tautomer-like behavior under irradiation with fluorescent lamps. E and Z-Senegasaponins c and E and Z-senegins II, III, and IV were found to exhibit hypoglycemic activity in the oral D-glucose tolerance test. (E) and (Z)-Senegins II also showed an inhibitory effect on alcohol absorption in rats.

Absorption↗
PubMed1992

[A preliminary survey on Zhuang nationality medicinal crops at traditional herbs market of Jingxi County in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region].

This paper reports an investigation and study on the Zhuang nationality medicinal crops available on the traditional herbs market in Jingxi county of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. There are 380 species belonging to 129 families and 322 genus, among which notably Embelia parviflora, Malus doumeri, Panax notoginseng, Polygala fallax, etc. This study may serve as a reference for exploitation and utilization of the Zhuang nationality medicinal herbs resources.

China↗
PubMed2005

[Niche characteristics of dominant populations of Sophora davidii community in loess gully region].

Based on field investigation data and employing Levin and niche proportional similarity formulae, this paper calculated the niche breadth, niche proportional similarity, and niche overlap of 13 dominant species of Sophora davidii community in loess gully region. The results showed that the niche breadth of the dominant populations of Sophora davidii community decreased in order of Sophora davidii (0.964), Artemisia giraldii (0.775), Arteniisia gmelinii (0.664), Thenmeda triandra var. japonica (0.508), Polygala tenuifolia (0.485), Setaria viridis (0.399), Cynodon dactylon (0.393), Bothriochloa ischaemum (0.327), Lespedeza davurica (0.321), Stipa bungeana (0.472), Periploca sepium (0.292), Clemnatis fruticosa (0.251), and Cleistogenes squarrosa (0.234). The niche proportional similarity between Sophora davidii and other species was 0.21-0.76, while the niche overlap was not high, which meant that there was no severe competition between them. It could be concluded that Sophora davidii was the dominant population in the community, with most resources utilization and most adaptability to the ecosystem.

China↗
PubMed2006

Modulation of cytokine expression by traditional medicines: a review of herbal immunomodulators.

UNLABELLED: Modulation of cytokine secretion may offer novel approaches in the treatment of a variety of diseases. One strategy in the modulation of cytokine expression may be through the use of herbal medicines. A class of herbal medicines, known as immunomodulators, alters the activity of immune function through the dynamic regulation of informational molecules such as cytokines. This may offer an explanation of the effects of herbs on the immune system and other tissues. For this informal review, the authors surveyed the primary literature on medicinal plants and their effects on cytokine expression, taking special care to analyze research that utilized the multi-component extracts equivalent to or similar to what are used in traditional medicine, clinical phytotherapy, or in the marketplace. METHODOLOGY: MEDLINE, EBSCO, and BIOSIS were used to identify research on botanical medicines, in whole or standardized form, that act on cytokine activity through different models, i.e., in vivo (human and animal), ex vivo, or in vitro. RESULTS: Many medicinal plant extracts had effects on at least one cytokine. The most frequently studied cytokines were IL-1, IL-6, TNF, and IFN. Acalypha wilkesiana, Acanthopanax gracilistylus, Allium sativum, Ananus comosus, Cissampelos sympodialis, Coriolus versicolor, Curcuma longa, Echinacea purpurea, Grifola frondosa, Harpagophytum procumbens, Panax ginseng, Polygala tenuifolia, Poria cocos, Silybum marianum, Smilax glabra, Tinospora cordifolia, Uncaria tomentosa, and Withania somnifera demonstrate modulation of multiple cytokines. CONCLUSION: The in vitro and in vivo research demonstrates that the reviewed botanical medicines modulate the secretion of multiple cytokines. The reported therapeutic success of these plants by traditional cultures and modern clinicians may be partially due to their effects on cytokines. Phytotherapy offers a potential therapeutic modality for the treatment of many differing conditions involving cytokines. Given the activity demonstrated by many of the reviewed herbal medicines and the increasing awareness of the broad-spectrum effects of cytokines on autoimmune conditions and chronic degenerative processes, further study of phytotherapy for cytokine-related diseases and syndromes is warranted.

Cytokines↗
PubMed1996

[Effects of ding zhi pills on the scopolamine-induced impairment of passive avoidance in rats].

The Ding Zhi Pills described in "Thousand-Golden-Prescriptions" have better memory improving effect than those described in "Prescriptions People's Welfare Pharmacy". A combination of Poria, Radix Polygalae and Rhizoma Acori Graminei could enhance the pharmacologic effect of Radix Ginseng. Cinnabaris, described in "Prescriptions People's welfare Pharmacy", as one of the compositions in Ding Zhi Pills, does not improve the impairment of learning and memory, and therefore seems to have no meaning in the Ding Zhi Pills.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Hypotensive effect of tenuifolic saponin and its mechanism.

AIM: To study the effect of tenuifolic saponin (TS) on arterial pressure. METHODS: Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was recorded from left carotid artery in rat which was anesthetized with urethane and then injected i.v. gtt with a transfusion of NaCl 0.15 mol.L-1. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) of conscious rat and renovascular hypertensive rat (RVHR) was measured by tail cuff method. RESULTS: TS 2, 4, 8 mg.kg-1 i.v., 20 and 40 mg.kg-1 i.g. reduced the MAP by 31%, 37%, 50%, 21%, and 31%, respectively. Bilateral vagotomy plus atropine (Atr) i.v., or pretreatment with diphenhydramine hydrochloride (Dip) failed to influence TS effect. Lack of effect of TS on carotid-occlusion-induced- or epinephrine (Epi)-induced-hypertensive response was found. SBP in conscious rat and RVHR was suppressed, highest by 38.0% and 26.8% at 60 and 90 min, maintaining at least 2 and 3 h, respectively, after i.g. TS 40 mg.kg-1. CONCLUSION: TS reduced the arterial pressure, not related to vagus excitation, ganglionic blockade, and peripheral alpha-adrenergic-, M-cholinergic-, and H1-receptors.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

[Inhibitory effect of reinioside C on LOX-1 expression induced by ox-LDL].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of reinioside C (RC) on the expression of lectin-like oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor (LOX)-1 mRNA and LOX-1 protein induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). METHODS: HUVECs were cultured with ox-LDL (50 mg/L) for 24 h in the absence or presence of RC (1, 3, and 10 micromol/L). The expressions of LOX-1 mRNA and LOX-1 protein were examined by RT-PCR and Western-blot. RESULTS: Incubation with ox-LDL (50 mg/L) significantly raised the expression of LOX-1 mRNA and LOX-1 protein,which was concentration-dependent. CONCLUSION: RC can inhibit the increased expression of LOX-1 mRNA and LOX-1 protein induced by ox-LDL in HUVECs.

Cells, Cultured↗