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PubMed1997

Medicare program; revisions to payment policies under the physician fee schedule, other Part B payment policies, and establishment of the clinical psychologist fee schedule for calendar year 1998; correction--HCFA. Correction of proposed rule.

This document corrects technical errors that appeared in the proposed rule published in the Federal Register on June 18, 1997 entitled "Medicare Program; Revisions to Payment Policies Under the Physician Fee Schedule, Other Part B Payment Policies, and Establishment of the Clinical Psychologist Fee Schedule for Calendar Year 1998."

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, U.S.↗

PubMed1998

Medicare program; revisions to payment policies and adjustments to the relative value units under the physician fee schedule, other Part B payment policies, and establishment of the clinical psychologist fee schedule for calendar year 1998; correction--HCFA. Correction of final rule with comment period.

This document corrects technical errors that appeared in the final rule with comment period published in the Federal Register on October 31, 1997 entitled "Medicare Program; Revisions to Payment Policies and Adjustments to the Relative Value Units Under the Physician Fee Schedule, Other Part B Payment Policies, and Establishment of the Clinical Psychologist Fee Schedule for Calendar Year 1998.

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, U.S.↗

PubMed1999

[An integrated quality policy for and by (cattle) veterinarians: 2. A comparison with the quality policy of family physicians].

The core of the integrated quality control policy of Dutch general practitioners is the development of treatment guidelines. These guidelines are the basis for assessing interventions and for improving quality. General practitioners took the initiative to prepare these guidelines without there being external pressure on them to do so. The quality control policy strengthens the position of this professional group by diminishing differences in therapeutic approach. The procedures followed for establishing guidelines, such as those for human medicine, are described and may be of use to veterinarians.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

Medical use of byproduct material; policy statement, revision. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Final policy statement; revision.

The Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) is revising its 1979 policy statement on the medical use of byproduct material. These revisions are one component of the Commission's overall program for revising its regulatory framework for medical use, including its regulations that govern the medical use of byproduct material. The overall goals of this program are to focus NRC regulation of medical use on those medical procedures that pose the highest risk and to structure its regulations to be risk-informed and more performance-based, consistent with NRC's "Strategic Plan for Fiscal Year 1997-Fiscal Year 2002." The policy informs NRC licensees, other Federal and State agencies, and the public of the Commission's general intentions in regulating the medical use of byproduct material.

Government Agencies↗

PubMed2002

When do developing countries adopt managed care policies and technologies? Part I: Policies, experience, and a framework of preconditions.

OBJECTIVE: For developing countries with constrained economic resources, managed care holds out the promise of being able to control healthcare costs and reduce unnecessary utilization. However, little empirical evidence has been gathered about when managed care techniques can be applied to these countries and no framework considers the macroeconomic context. We propose a straightforward method to evaluate the economic and policy environment of a developing country to assess when managed care might be introduced. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Analysis of available developing country health system and healthcare spending data, review of the available literature, and authors' experience evaluating healthcare reforms in developing countries. RESULTS: Many countries have implemented managed care techniques, which are driven by policy efforts to increase quality or to control costs. Successful implementation of managed care, however, appears to depend on five major preconditions. One precondition is an adequately developed formal wage sector in which patients have a sufficient ability to pay for healthcare services. Another is an adequate labor supply of trained professionals to support managed care administration, foster competition, and use available information technology. CONCLUSIONS: Although managed care encompasses a range of incentives and arrangements, implementation in developing countries appears to depend on attaining macroeconomic preconditions.

Developing Countries↗

PubMed2004

[Genetic screening of patients with familial hypercholesterolemia and insurability for life insurance policies and disability cover policies].

In the Netherlands, people with familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) have been actively screened since 1994 by means of DNA analysis. Recently, the Stichting Opsporing Erfelijke Hypercholesterolemie (Foundation for the Detection of Familial Hypercholesterolaemia) initiated a large scale-screening programme aimed at finding all 40,000 people. The Dutch ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport is providing the financial support. Genetic screening has social implications and raises questions on insurability. The Dutch Medical Examination Act prohibits insurers from posing questions about untreatable, serious inheritable conditions for insured sums under a certain value: for life-insurance policies < [symbol: see text] 150,000 and for disability-cover policies < [symbol: see text] 30,000 in the 1st year and < [symbol: see text] 20,000 in the 2nd year and following years. The Health Council of the Netherlands has defined FH as a serious disease, but one which responds well to treatment. Therefore insurers can request information for the purpose of an accurate risk classification. Insurance contracts can be accepted at normal rates if the target value of LDL-cholesterol < 4 mmol/l and additional risk factors such as smoking and an abnormal BMI are absent; the risk is determined by the phenotype and clinical factors and not by the genotype.

DNA Mutational Analysis↗

PubMed2001

The effect of limited options and policy interactions on water storage policy in south Florida.

Due to environmental constraints and reactive water management practices, water shortages exist across the Everglades ecosystem. A growing human population and continued wetlands damage and loss decrease the system's ability to provide water for sustained natural areas and for human uses. 'The Restudy' is an $8 billion plan to restore the Everglades while also continuing to provide water storage for urban and agricultural areas. The Restudy proposes a mix of water storage systems to provide for the predicted future growth in water demand. This mix is purported to be the most cost-efficient at providing water supplies, within the constraints of unchanged agricultural and urban land use. However, a sensitivity analysis of the Restudy's cost equation reveals that the total cost of water storage systems is influenced by real estate, land acquisition and water treatment costs. The interaction of land use and agricultural policies can affect these cost factors, and can change the relative cost-efficiency between storage systems. Real estate and land acquisition costs are affected by several 1996 Farm Bill provisions, which influence the cost of aboveground water storage systems versus Aquifer Storage and Recovery systems. The Governor's Commission for a Sustainable South Florida recommendations also influence the water storage options available to the Restudy. Due to the Restudy's initial assumptions and constraints, it may not advocate the most economically and ecologically sound remediation.

Agriculture↗

PubMed1995