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At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

DNA sequence from a fossil pollen of Abies spp. from Pleistocene peat.

DNA was amplified from individual fossil pollen grains of Abies spp. (Pinaceae), which have been detected from Pleistocene peaty deposits (at least 150,000 years old). To identify the species of the fossil pollen by DNA analysis, the region indicating the species-specific sequence was searched among extant Abies species and the spacer region between rrn5 and trnR in chloroplast DNA was sequenced for four grains of the fossil pollen. Three pollen samples produced the same sequence as extant Abies species. The sequence for the remaining sample differed from that of extant Abies by one substitution. This study showed not only a successful DNA analysis from a single grain of fossil pollen but also a new method to identify the species of fossil pollen for the pollen analysis field.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1994

Immunological detection and quantitation of 10-deacetylbaccatin III in Taxus sp. plant and tissue cultures.

A high-sensitive ELISA method was developed for the detection and semi-quantitative determination of 10-deacetylbaccatin III and its structurally related compounds in crude extract of Taxus sp. plants and tissue cultures. The antibodies were raised in rabbits using 7- or 10-succinyl-10-deacetylbaccatin III-BSA conjugate as immunogen. The working range of the assay was from 0.003 to 1.000 ng (0.09 to 31.33 nM) of 10-deacetylbaccatin III per assay. The cross-reacting material in crude plant extract was examined by chromatographic (silica gel CC, HPLC) and immunoassay methods. Study on the evaluation of cross-reacting material in crude Taxus plant extracts showed that at least 80% of the immunosignal correspond to 10-deacetylbaccatin III in the extract. The ELISA method was applied to investigate the 10-deacetylbaccatin III equivalent content in crude extracts of 19 plants species including Taxaceae, Taxodiaceae and Pinaceae species. The 10-deacetylbaccatin III-like structure was only detected in Taxus and Torreya sp. The results indicate that this immunoassay is a useful tool for the rapid screening of species, varieties or individual plants out of a wide population. The distribution of 10-deacetylbaccatin III equivalent content in 9-month old Taxus plantlets cultivated in vitro as well as in callus culture was investigated.

Antibody Specificity↗
PubMed1991

Some progress on the chemistry of natural bioactive terpenoids from Chinese medicinal plants.

(1) Pseudolaric acids--Novel diterpenes, Pseudolaric acid A, B, C and D were isolated from Pseudolarix kaempferi Gorden (pinaceae). Their structures were assigned by spectroscopic data and chemical correlations. In the continuous studies, the absolute configurations, the conformations in the solutions, the fragmentation mechanisms of MS and assignments of all NMR spectral signals were also reported. They showed the antifungal and cytotoxic activities. (2)--Daphnane diterpenes--In the further studies on the plants of Thymelaeaceae, besides 10 known diterpenes, 16 new daphnane diterpenes were isolated from Daphne genkwa, D. tangutica, D. giraldii, Wikstroemie chamaedaphne. They showed the antifertilities activities. (3) Tripterygium diterpenes--14 new diterpenes were isolated from Triperygium wilfordii, T. regeli and T. hypoglaucum. Some of them showed the antitumour activities. The CD spectra showed that A/B ring of all compounds have trans configuration as same as tripdiolide and triptolide determined by X-ray diffraction. (4) Pregnane glycosides from Marsdenia koi--Two new pregnane glycosides marsdenikoiside A and marddenikoiside B which can terminate the early pregnancy were isolated from Marsdeia koi. Their structures were elucidated by hydrolysis and spectroscopic methods.

Contraceptive Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A 10-year aerobiological study (1994-2003) in the Mediterranean island of Crete, Greece: trees, aerobiologic data, and botanical and clinical correlations.

Pollen grains from the plant cover of a given area participate largely in the composition of aeroflora (pollen and molds) of this area. Association of allergic respiratory disorders with concentration of allergenic particles in the atmosphere is well documented, and aerobiologic studies are of great relevance. A 10-year volumetric aerobiologic study was conducted in the city of Heraklion, located in the center of the north-shore of the island of Crete, Greece. Main allergenic families and genera encountered were, in descending order of frequency Oleaceae, Quercus, Platanaceae, Cupressaceae, Pinaceae, Populus, Moraceae, and Corylaceae. Concentrations noted for most of these aeroallergens were much lower than those reported from other European regions. In parallel, an atopic population of 576 individuals, exhibiting allergic symptoms mainly of the respiratory tract were subjected to a battery of skin-prick tests. A fair degree of agreement between total pollen counts and positive skin-prick test frequencies for the families of Oleaceae, Platanaceae, and Cupressaceae was noted. On the contrary a poor degree of concordance was noted for the rest of the families and genera.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Two highly divergent 5S rDNA unit size classes occur in composite tandem array in European larch (Larix decidua Mill.) and Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi (Lamb.) Carr.).

The 5S ribosomal DNA unit structure and organization have been investigated in Larix decidua and Larix kaempferi using selective amplification of gene and spacer, sequence analysis and homologous probe hybridization. Two highly divergent unit size classes of approximately 650 and 870 bp were detected in both species. Sequence analysis in Larix decidua revealed that length variations occur in the middle spacer region and are the result of duplications (in the long spacers) and considerable sequence heterogeneity. Conversely, the transcribed region is of uniform length (120 bp), and the nucleotide sequence of one Larix decidua clone is similar to that reported for other gymnosperms. Sequence comparison of the larch spacers with two other Pinaceae species (Pinus radiata and Picea glauca) showed that the 5' and 3' regions flanking the gene (40 and 60 bp, respectively) are quite conserved, suggesting a regulatory role. Moreover, a small element of about 70 bp located in the middle spacer region was found to be common to the larch long units and the six Pinus radiata spacer clones previously sequenced (64% sequence identity). The short and long unit size classes are mainly organized in composite tandem array(s) with evidence of extensive zones of strict alternation in both species. Mechanisms underlying this unusual association of divergent units in larch 5S rDNA arrays are discussed.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed2002

[Studies on the chemical constituents of Pseudotsuga sinensis].

AIM: To study the chemical constituents of Pseudotsuga sinensis Dode (Pinaceae). METHODS: To separate the constituents of P. sinensis by using various kinds of chromatography and identify their structures on the basis of spectral analysis. RESULTS: Six compounds were isolated from P. sinensis. Their structures were established as 5,7,4'-trihydroxy-6-methylflavanone (poriol, I), 3,5,7,3',4'- pentahydroxyflavonone (quercetin, II), 5,7,3',5'-tetrahydroxy-6- methylflavanone (III), 5,7,3',5'-tetrahydroxyflavanone (IV), 3,5,7,3',5'-pentahydroxyflavanone (V) and 5-hydroxy-6-methylchromone-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (VI) based on the analysis of spectral data of IR, UV, MS, 1D and 2D-NMR. CONCLUSION: Compounds III and VI are new compounds. All of six compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Chromones↗
PubMed2003

[Investigation of pollens, fungal spors and other materials in houst dust of Isparta].

In this study allergic materials in house dusts collected from preselected stations in Isparta between April 1996 and March 1997 are investigated. Ten stations were preselected for the study. Dusts vacuumed in vacuum cleaners are collected regularly from selected houses every month. Preparations were prepared with Wodehouse method. These preparations were investigated microscopically and diagnosis and counts of pollens, fungal spors, plant tissues, and starch particles per 4 cm(2) in respect to months are performed. Obtained results are transformed to allergic material per square centimeters and are shown with tables and graphics. As a result, pollens belonging to 44 taxons are detected in Isparta house dusts. Annual total pollen per cm(2) is found as 277.5. Among these pollens most frequently seen are Pinaceae, Poaceae, Asteraceae and Cupressaceae respectively. While starch is first in order (2224/cm(2)), plant tissues are seen 133/cm(2) and fungal spors are seen 17.1/cm(2). Allergic pollens for Isparta are Poaceae, Asteraceae and Cupressaceae and as the other, fungal spors. We believe that our results will be helpful for the physicians in diagnosis and treatment of patients with allergic disorders.

Air Pollution, Indoor↗
PubMed1990

Pollen and mold allergy: aerobiologic survey in the atmosphere of Cagliari, Italy (1986-1988).

The occurrence of pollens and molds in the atmosphere of Cagliari, Italy over a 3-year period (1986-88) is reported. Pollen grains are present in the air from February to July, with a maximum in May. Urticaceae and Cupressaceae were the major contributors to the total pollen airspora, followed by Graminaceae, Oleaceae, Pinaceae, Cheno-Amaranthaceae, and Fagaceae. Fungal spores showed two periods of high sporulation, from April to June and in September-October, and two marked decreases, during winter and August. Cladosporium was by far the most abundant spore identified, followed by Basidiomycetes, Alternaria, and Fusarium.

Air Microbiology↗
PubMed1988

Long-chain polyprenols in gymnosperm plants.

Over 100 species of gymnosperm plants were checked for the presence of long chain polyprenols. Poly-cis long chain prenols, mainly as acetates, were found in green needles of about 60 species. In Cycadopsida either prenol-18 or prenol-20 were the main components of the natural polyprenol mixture. In Coniferopsida either a single polyprenol family was present like in all species of Pinaceae, or polyprenols consisted of two families differing in the size of polyprenol molecules: one family in which prenol-17 was the dominating component, and the other family of prenol-23. These complex mixtures of polyprenols were present in Araucariaceae, Cupressaceae, Taxodiaceae and also in Taxopsida. Seasonal variations were observed in the polyprenol content in green leaves.

Plants↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Variations of airborne winter pollen in southern Spain.

This work deals with the variation in the atmosphere of the airborne pollen produced by winter blooming plants and is aimed to establish correlations between the concentration of pollen grains in the atmosphere of Córdoba and meteorological parameters such as the temperature, humidity, rainfall, pressure, hours of sunlight and wind speed and direction. The work was conducted for two consecutive years (1981-82 and 1982-83). The sampling was carried out in Córdoba (Spain) with a BURKARD sporetrap. The data obtained in the aeropalinological study are correlated to the above-mentioned meterological parameters. Along the period investigated grains were found from Ulmus minor, Fraxinus sp., Populus sp., Alnus glutinosa and Cupressaceae, and less frequently, Artemisia sp., Pinaceae, Urticaceae, type Helianthus and Gramineae. Pollen grains from Cupressaceae were found at the highest absolute and relative concentrations in the atmosphere of Córdoba during the winter, where they occurred almost throughout. The correlation analysis applied showed that the parameters most markedly influencing the grain concentration of most taxa were the temperature and humidity. Alnus glutinosa was the least affected species, probably because of the scarcity of its pollen grains.

Pollen↗
PubMed1988

Contact allergy to colophony. Chemical identifications of allergens, sensitization experiments and clinical experiences.

Colophony (rosin) is a widespread material which is obtained from species of the family Pinaceae. It has a complex chemical composition, which differs depending mainly on the recovery process. The global production is about one million tons a year and the largest single consumption is in the sizing of paper and paper board. Rosin is a common cause of contact allergy and is included in the standard tray for patch testing at dermatological clinics. Unmodified gum rosin is the material mainly used in the routine series. It is desirable to test with identified allergens in order to make the testing and diagnosis more reliable and establish a strategy for prevention. The principal aims of the present study were to compare the allergenicity of rosin of different origins, to isolate and identify some of the allergens in unmodified gum rosin, and to attempt to diminish the allergenic potential of rosin preparations. Tall oil rosin and different types of gum rosin were tested in guinea pigs and in man. The test reactivity corresponded well when comparing gum rosin from different sources, while tall oil rosin showed a lower reactivity. However, testing with more than one rosin preparation in the routine series detected additional cases. A clear dose-response relationship was obtained by patch testing with gum rosin, implying that a concentration of 10% in petrolatum is well worth considering for routine testing. Unmodified Portuguese gum rosin was fractionated by chromatographic methods. Isolated fractions and components were tested for eliciting activity in guinea pigs sensitive to gum rosin. Pure compounds were also tested in patients with known allergy to gum rosin. The structures of the isolated allergens were elucidated using spectroscopic methods. Abietic acid, the classical colophony allergen, was found not to be allergenic, while oxidation products of abietic acid and dehydroabietic acid were identified as allergens. The isolated allergens showed a pattern of cross-reactivity in the animal experiments as well as among patients with known allergy to gum rosin. 15-Hydroperoxyabietic acid was identified as one of the main allergens, apparently formed by air oxidation of abietic acid. Gum rosin was hydrogenated in order to minimize the content of easily oxidized acids of the abietic type. The hydrogenated gum rosin showed a reduced allergenic activity compared to unmodified rosin both in animal experiments and patch testing in man.

Abietanes↗
PubMed1986

Cross-reactivity between the pollens of Cupressus sempervirens (common cypress) and of Cryptomeria japonica (Japanese cedar).

A clinical and immunologic study was performed comparing a group of French patients allergic to the pollens of cypress (Cupressus sempervirens, which belongs to the Cupressaceae family) and a group of Japanese patients allergic to the pollens of Sugi (Cryptomeria japonica, which belongs to the Taxodiaceae family). By skin testing, RAST, and RAST inhibition, clear cross-reactivity was detected between the two pollens. No cross-reactivity was detected between the pollens of Cupressus sempervirens and Sugi and the Pinaceae family. In addition, one can speculate that an antigen in Cupressus sempervirens is cross-reactive with SBP, the major allergen of Sugi, suggesting that there is a closer relationship between the Taxodiaceae family and the Cupressaceae family than between these two families and the other families of the gymnosperms. This finding throws new light on the taxonomy of the gymnosperms.

Cross Reactions↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pollinosis in a Mediterranean area (Riviera Ligure, Italy): ten years of pollen counts, correlation with clinical sensitization and meteorological data.

We present in this study the results of 10 years of pollen counts in the atmosphere of San Remo, Italy. These results were compared with clinical sensitizations in 5481 pollen-allergic patients of both sexes (children and adults) living in the same area. Pollen counts showed that the pollens found in greatest quantities were the Cupressaceae (22.4%), followed by the Urticaceae (Parietaria officinalis, 17.4%), the Oleaceae (Olea europaea, 10.8%) and the Pinaceae (10.1%), the Poaceae being present in smaller quantities (5.2%). In contrast, the clinical importance of these pollens, as assessed by anamnesis, skin tests and, in some instances, nasal or bronchial provocation tests, showed a high incidence of clinical sensitization to P. officinalis (41.8%) and Poaceae (29.5%); the other pollens, i.e., O. europaea (15.4%) and Cupressaceae (5.7%), were of lesser importance. These findings differ from data obtained in similar studies in other European countries, including other parts of Italy. A statistically significant positive correlation between pollen counts and some meteorological factors, especially temperature, was observed; for instance, the higher the average temperature in July of the previous year, the greater the airborne presence of Palmaceae, P. officinalis and Cupressaceae.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The capturing of pollens in the atmosphere of La Laguna City, Tenerife, Canary Islands 1990-1995.

This paper forms part of a Doctorate Thesis, carried out in the Allergy and Immunology Department of the Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria Hospital, Tenerife, entitled "Epidemiology of Pollens on the Island of Tenerife. Allergy to Pollen". This paper deals with the capturing of pollen in the atmosphere of the city of La Laguna, Tenerife, during the period 1990-1995, and demonstrates that the Occidental Islands of the Canarian Archipelago are similar to a miniature continent with a special microclimate and a large amount of vegetation, where all classes of pollen can be found given the large variety of plants and trees including native species. High concentrations of more than 50 grains of pollen per m3 can be found in the air of the Occidental Islands, above all wild grasses, cultivated grasses, weeds, Artemisa vulgaris, Parietaria officinalis and Plantago lanceolata, and in a lowe proportion, Cupressaceae, Pinaceas, Mercurialis and Rumex. We have pollen concentrations very similar to other parts of the continent.

Air Pollution↗
PubMed1997

On the specific pattern of long chain polyprenols in green needles of Pinus mugo Turra.

In green needles of Pinus mugo the most abundant polyprenols occur as a mixture of prenologues in which the dominant alcohol is built of 16 isoprene units. The characteristic spectrum of polyprenols (prenol-15, -16 and -17) was the same irrespective of the location of plant and of distinct morphological differences observed in the various selected forms of this species. The constant pattern of the polyprenols spectrum was preserved throughout the 2-year life span of needles, although the level of polyprenols was increased 2-3-fold. The polyprenol pattern in Pinaceae family differs from species to species, thus it may serve as chemotaxonomic criterion within this systematic group.

Alcohols↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pollen calendar of the city of Salamanca (Spain). Aeropalynological analysis for 1981-1982 and 1991-1992.

We report a study on the contents of airborne pollen in the city of Salamanca (Spain) aimed at establishing a pollen calendar for the city for the yearly periods of maximum concentrations, relating these with quantifiable atmospheric variables over two two-year periods with an interval of 10 years between them: 1981-82 and 1991-92. The pollen was captured with Burkard spore-traps, based on Hirst's volumetric method. Determinations were made daily and were used to make preparations, previously stained with basic fuscin, for study under light microscopy at x 1,000 magnification. 946 preparations were analyzed, corresponding to the same number of days distributed over 150 weeks of the periods studied. The results afforded the identification of 48 different types of pollen grain: Grasses (Poaceae), Olea europea (olive), Quercus rotundifolia (Holm-oak), other Quercus spp. (Q. pyrenaica, Q. suber, Q. faginea, etc.), Cupressaceae (Cupressus sempervivens, C. arizonica, Juniperus communis etc.), Plantago (Plantago lanceolata, Plantago media, etc.), Pinaceae (Pinus communis, Abies alba, etc.), Rumex sp. (osier), Urtica dioica (nettle), Parietaria (Parietaria officinalis, P. judaica), Chenopodio-Amaranthaceae (Chenopodium sp., Amaranthus sp., Salsola kali, etc.), Artemisia vulgaris (Artemisia), other Compositae (Taraxacum officinalis, Hellianthus sp. etc.), Castanea sativa (Chestnut), Ligustrum sp. (privet), Betula sp. (birch), Alnus sp. (common alder), Fraxinus sp (ash), Populus sp. (poplar), Salix sp. (willow), Ulmus sp. (elm), Platanus sp. (plantain, plane), Carex sp. (sweet flag), Erica sp. (common heather), Leguminosae or Fabaceae:--Papillionaceae (Medicago sp.; Cercis sp., Robina sp.)--Cesalpinoideae Acacia sp. (Acacia),--Mimosoideae: Sophora japonica, Umbelliferae (Foeniculum sp., Cirsium sp., etc.), Centaurea sp., Cistus sp. (rock rose), Typha sp (bulrush), Mirtaceae (Myrtus communis), Juglans regia (Walnut), Galium verum, Filipendula sp. (spirea/drop wort), Rosaceae (Pyrus sp., Prunus sp., etc.), Tilia sp. (Linden), Morus sp. (mulberry), Taxus baccata (yew), Papaveraceae (Papaver rhoeas etc.), Labiata (Lavandula sp.), Cannabaceae (Humulus sp. etc.), Liliaceae (Lilium sp.), Echium sp. (viper's bugloss). The most abundant taxa, detected in the highest quantities (grains/m3 air), by order of counting were as follows: holm-oak, olive, grasses, Plantago and Parietaria. With the data obtained we have established a pollen calendar for Salamanca and report the period in which each type of pollen is found along the years and the periods with the highest airborne concentrations of such pollens. The diversity and the spectrum of the pollen in the city of Salamanca correspond to the typical plant communities found on the dehesas (large ranges of grasslands) of Castile, where Salamanca is located, although the wind directions and the peculiar climatic characteristics of the area govern the peaks of maximum presence of the different taxa. As examples, in the case of olive, which is cultivated at some distance from the city, its maximum presence coincides with south-westerly winds; in the case of grasses, the peaks of maximum counts coincide with a sharp rise in mean temperature, close to or higher than 20 degrees C and between five and six weeks after rainfall equal to or greater than 5 L/m2.

Air↗
PubMed2001

Environmentally sensitive plot-scale timber harvesting: impacts on suspended sediment, bedload and bank erosion dynamics.

The impact on sediment pollution of environmentally sensitive harvesting of a 15 ha plot (20% of the catchment area) of mature coniferous plantation forest in the 0.89 km2 Afon Tanllwyth catchment, Plynlimon, was investigated for 12 months before harvesting began and a further 18 months after. The results revealed: (a) a steepening of the suspended sediment concentration vs. discharge rating curve resulting in a 39% increase in suspended sediment yield (as compared to the adjacent forested Hafren catchment) during the year in which the harvesting operations took place; (b) a statistically significant increase in main channel bank erosion rates, as compared with the nearby Afon Cyff; main channel banks are estimated to have contributed around 80% of the total catchment suspended sediment yield during the two year period (1995-1996), and (c) no significant change in bedload yields over the duration of the study, though a longer post-harvesting time series of bedload data will be required to properly assess the impact of the harvesting operation upon bedload yields. Forest management implications of these findings are discussed in detail with respect to the existing Forest and Water guidelines.

Conservation of Natural Resources↗
PubMed2002

Midgut tissue of male pine engraver, Ips pini, synthesizes monoterpenoid pheromone component ipsdienol de novo.

For over three decades the site and pathways of bark beetle aggregation pheromone production have remained elusive. Studies on pheromone production in Ips spp. bark beetles have recently shown de novo biosynthesis of pheromone components via the mevalonate pathway. The gene encoding a key regulated enzyme in this pathway, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMG-R), showed high transcript levels in the anterior midgut of male pine engravers, Ips pini (Say) (Coleoptera:Scolytidae). HMG-R expression in the midgut was sex, juvenile hormone, and feeding dependent, providing strong evidence that this is the site of acyclic monoterpenoid (ipsdienol) pheromone production in male beetles. Additionally, isolated midgut tissue from fed or juvenile hormone III (JH III)-treated males converted radiolabeled acetate to ipsdienol, as assayed by radio-HPLC. These data support the de novo production of this frass-associated aggregation pheromone component by the mevalonate pathway. The induction of a metazoan HMG-R in this process does not support the postulated role of microorganisms in ipsdienol production.

Animals↗