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At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Serum lipid concentrations and mean life span are modulated by dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids in the senescence-accelerated mouse.

The senescence-accelerated mouse (SAMP8) is an animal model used in studies of aging. This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of dietary PUFA on longevity (Experiment 1) and serum lipid concentrations (Experiment 2) in SAMP8 mice. Male mice were fed either an (n-3) PUFA-rich (9 g/100 g perilla oil) or an (n-6) PUFA-rich (9 g/100 g safflower oil) diet beginning at 6 wk of age. Experiment 1: The groups did not differ in body weight gain, but those fed perilla oil had significantly lower scores of senescence relative to those fed safflower oil (P<0.05). The mean life span of mice fed perilla oil was 357+/-21 d and of those fed safflower oil, 426+/-24 d (P<0.05). Pathological studies revealed that the incidence of tumors was significantly lower in the perilla oil group than in the safflower oil group (P<0.05). Approximately half the mice fed perilla oil had died after 10 mo, and the direct causes closely connected with death could not be specified. Experiment 2: The serum total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglyceride and phospholipid concentrations were significantly lower in the perilla oil group than in the safflower oil group (P<0.01). A marked decrease of serum HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-II (ApoA-II)concentrations in advanced age were observed in the mice fed perilla oil (P<0.01). Ten-month-old mice fed perilla oil had a significantly greater ratio of apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) to ApoA-II than those fed safflower oil. Separation of HDL subfractions revealed that the smaller HDL species were much more abundant than the larger HDL species in both dietary oil groups. These findings suggest that dietary (n-3) and (n-6) PUFA differ in their effects on serum lipid metabolism which may modulate the mean life span of SAMP8 mice fed each dietary oil.

Aging↗
PubMed1993

Combined effects of dietary protein and fat on lipid metabolism in rats.

The combined effects of dietary protein (casein, whey protein, or soy protein) and fat (safflower oil, perilla seed oil, or their mixed oil; linoleic acid/alpha-linolenic acid = 5.0) on several lipid parameters were studied in rats. Serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels were lower in perilla seed oil groups irrespective of the protein sources. Liver triglyceride level, and fecal excretion of steroids were influenced mainly by protein sources, particularly isolated soy protein lowered liver triglyceride level, and increased the fecal steroid excretion. The fatty acid composition of liver phosphatidylcholine was influenced by dietary fat sources. The proportion of arachidonic acid was significantly lower in rats fed perilla seed oil than in those fed safflower oil or mixed oil, while the proportion of eicosapentaenoic acid was higher in rats fed perilla seed oil than in those fed safflower oil. Arachidonic acid/linoleic acid ratio was significantly lower in perilla seed oil groups, and tended to be higher in casein groups. Eicosapentaenoic acid/arachidonic acid ratio was influenced by both dietary protein and fat, and protein-fat interaction was observed. Eicosapentaenoic acid/arachidonic acid ratio was higher in perilla seed oil groups, and isolated soy protein in perilla seed oil groups lowered the ratio in comparison with other protein sources in perilla seed oil groups.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Lipogenic enzyme gene expression is quickly suppressed in rats by a small amount of exogenous polyunsaturated fatty acids.

An examination was conducted of the time courses of incorporation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) into lipids of plasma, liver and its nuclei, and the time courses of hepatic lipogenic enzyme gene expression after oral administration of perilla oil by a stomach tube to rats fed a fat-free diet. Linolenic acid, 18:3(n-3), and eicosapentaenoic acid, 20:5(n-3), were considered indices of exogenous fatty acids. In total lipids of liver and its nuclei, linolenic acid was detected 1 h after the intubation, continued to increase during the first 4 h, then decreased and almost disappeared by 48 h. Eicosapentaenoic acid also increased within only 1 h of intubation, reached a maximum after 8 h and then gradually decreased. In contrast with the increase of exogenous PUFA, the mRNA concentrations of hepatic lipogenic enzymes began to decrease 2 h after the perilla oil intubation, were at a minimum at 8 h, and then increased. In another experiment to examine the effects of dietary perilla oil concentration on PUFA incorporation and gene expression, rats were given diets containing 0-10% perilla oil (supplemented with hydrogenated fat to 10% fat) for 3 d. Only 1% perilla oil elevated the exogenous PUFA concentrations in liver and its nuclei in comparison with concentrations in rats fed a hydrogenated fat diet. Perilla oil at 2% of the diet was sufficient to suppress lipogenic enzyme gene expressions, which were suppressed to the minimum level by 5% perilla oil in the diet. Thus, lipogenic enzyme gene expression was quickly suppressed by a small amount of exogenous PUFA, in contrast with the increase of PUFA incorporation into liver and its nuclei. Newly incorporated exogenous PUFA appear to be involved in suppression of lipogenic enzyme gene expression.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Stimulation of the activities of hepatic fatty acid oxidation enzymes by dietary fat rich in alpha-linolenic acid in rats.

The activities of hepatic fatty acid oxidation enzymes in rats fed perilla oil rich in alpha-linolenic acid (alpha-18:3) were compared with those fed saturated fats or safflower oil (the mixture of safflower oil and olive oil, 94:8, w/w) containing the same amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids with perilla oil exclusively as linoleic acid (18:2). When the rats were fed the diets containing 15% coconut, safflower, and perilla oils for 1 week, the rate of mitochondrial and peroxisomal oxidation of palmitoyl-CoA (16:0-CoA) in the liver homogenates was the highest in rats fed perilla oil. Among the rats fed the diets containing 15% palm, safflower, and perilla oils for 2 weeks, the rates of mitochondrial and peroxisomal oxidations of 16:0-, 18:2-, and alpha-18:3-CoAs were the highest in rats fed perilla oil, and the rate of oxidation of alpha-18:3-CoA by both pathways was higher than those of other acyl-CoAs in all groups. Dietary perilla oil relative to palm and safflower oils significantly increased the activities of carnitine palmitoyltransferase, acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, acyl-CoA oxidase, and 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase. The substrate specificity of carnitine palmitoyltransferase appeared to be responsible for differential rates of the mitochondrial oxidation of acyl-CoAs. The substrate specificity of acyl-CoA oxidase did not account for the preferential peroxisomal oxidation of alpha-18:3 relative to 18:2. The preferential mitochondrial and peroxisomal beta-oxidation of alpha-18:3-CoA relative to 16:0- and 18:2-CoAs was also confirmed in rats fed laboratory chow irrespective of the substrate/albumin ratios in the assay mixture. It was suggested that both substrate specificities and alterations in the activities of the enzymes in beta-oxidation pathway play a significant role in the regulation of the serum lipid concentrations in rats fed a diet rich in alpha-18:3.

Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenases↗
PubMed1988

Effect of the dietary alpha-linolenate/linoleate balance on leukotriene production and histamine release in rats.

Rats were fed semi-purified diets supplemented either with safflower seed oil rich in linoleate (18:2n-6) or with perilla seed oil rich in alpha-linolenate (18:3n-3) through two generations. In the major phospholipids of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), the proportions of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (18:2, 20:4, 22:4 and 22:5) were higher but those of n-3 acids (20:5, 22:5 and 22:6) were lower in the safflower group than in the perilla group. When stimulated with a calcium ionophore, the PMNs from the safflower group produced 27% more leukotriene (LT)B4 than those from the perilla group. The formation of LTB5 which has biological activities less than 1/10 those of LTB4, was negligible in the safflower group but was 40 ng/10(7) PMN cells in the perilla group. The amount of the total LTB formed in the perilla group tended to be more than in the safflower group. The formation of SRS-A (slow-reacting substances of anaphylaxis) by PMNs was determined by measuring the spasmogenic activities of LTs on guinea pig ileum. SRS-A activity was 59% higher in the safflower group than in the perilla group. In contrast, histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells was not significantly different between the two groups. Thus, the increasing the alpha-linolenate/linoleate ratio of diets results in the decreased formation of LTs derived from 20:4n-6 in PMNs. This may be beneficial in lowering the severity of allergic and inflammatory responses caused by LTs, and thereby shifting the pathological symptoms to normal self-defense mechanism.

Animals↗