Obscure psychiatric disorders.
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Cognition Disorders↗
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Paraphrenia revisited.
Paranoid disorders of late life, commonly known as paraphrenia, are not uncommon. This article reviews the history of the concept, the classification, the possible risk factors implicated in causation and the natural history of the disorder. Evidence suggests that paraphrenia is distinct from schizophrenia and that an organic substrate probably exists in most cases.
Aged↗
Paranoid psychosis in the elderly. A follow-up study.
Hospital records comprising 106 first admissions of patients aged 60 years or more diagnosed paranoid disorder were studied. Affective psychosis and dementia were excluded. The female/male ratio was 2:1. Symptomatology, treatment and diagnostic classification are presented. Seventy-five per cent revealed persecutory delusions, and nearly half were hallucinated. Almost all patients received neuroleptics. The majority were diagnosed paranoid psychosis or reactive psychosis. After 5-15 years of observation a full remission was seen in 27% according to the judgement of general practitioners as well as hospital records. Delusions such as megalomania and delusions with ideas of sex and jealousy showed a significantly poor outcome. The diagnosis reactive psychosis predicts a course of illness characterized by few relapses.
Aged↗
[Clinico-geneaological study of paranoid schizophrenia].
On the basis of a comparative analysis of aggravated familial history in cases of paranoiac and neurosis-like schizophrenia (73 families in the main and control groups), the authors established accumulation of disturbances of "the paranoid spectrum" (delirious, paranoiac psychoses, paranoid anomalies of the personality) predominant in the families of the main group. This fact is interpreted in favour of a considerable role of constitutional and genetic factors in the genesis of paranoiac schizophrenia.
Body Constitution↗
Characteristics of pathological gamblers identified among patients on a psychiatric admissions service.
A total of 105 patients admitted to a psychiatric admissions service for adults were screened for pathological gambling using the South Oaks Gambling Screen, a valid, reliable instrument for identification of this disorder. Seven of the 105 patients were identified as pathological gamblers, and ten were children of problem gamblers, rates that are higher than those for the general population. Pathological gamblers identified in this study had a broad range of primary diagnoses, including schizoaffective disorder, paranoid schizophrenia, major depression, and organic personality disorder. A high rate of pathological gambling (11 percent) was found among patients with a secondary diagnosis of psychoactive substance use disorders.
Adolescent↗
[Prevalence of serious mental pathology in the city of San Luis].
OBJECTIVE: This work includes part of the results of the first epidemiological research on mental health held at San Luis City, aimed to estimate adult prevalence rate of mental pathology on San Luis' adult population. It has also been considered the prevalent kind of disorders. In both cases, it has been taken into account five domains of independent variables, due to sociodemographic characteristics: sex, age, educational level, occupational level, and residence zone. METHODS: The methodology is based on the epidemiological descriptive and transversal model. The assessment instrument, the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-II, was administrated to a representative adult sample, designed by a probabilistic sample methodology. RESULTS: The clinical measurement of Personality Pathology Scales and Sever Clinical Syndromes Scales showed a prevalence rate of 25,69% of serious mental pathology in general population, which is higher in women, 27,13%; than in men, 24,19%. In accordance to independent variables, there is a higher prevalence in elderly people, although there is no correlation with the number of symptoms; there is a lower prevalence among people with more years of education, with a relative correlation with number of symptoms-; and some professions showed higher scores than others, also with a relative correlation with number of symptoms. Considering the kind of mental disorders, there was a high prevalence of paranoid disorder and of alucinatory disorder, both in the women and men's samples. CONCLUSIONS: Finally, we found that the prevalence rates of serious mental pathology in San Luis population are similar to those obtained by previous studies in Argentina.
Adolescent↗
Paranoid psychosis (delusional disorder) and schizophrenia. A family history study.
Family studies have played a central role in the controversy over the nosologic status of paranoid psychosis or delusional disorder (DD). In this study, 12 cases of DD were blindly rediagnosed from a cohort of 146 schizophrenics. The prevalence of schizophrenia in the relatives of the DD probands was significantly less than that found in the relatives of the schizophrenics. Affective illness was equally uncommon in both groups of relatives. Inferiority feelings clustered significantly in the relatives of the DD probands. From a familial perspective, DD is not closely related to schizophrenia or affective illness but does have a familial link to inferiority feelings. Investigators should take cognizance of the entity of DD as one possible source of the heterogeneity within "schizophrenia."
Adult↗
Folie à deux revisited.
Folie à deux (shared paranoid disorder) is misleadingly defined in DSM-III. It is not an illness in itself, but a phenomenon associated with delusional psychiatric illnesses. There are two main types of folie à deux. An updated nomenclature is proposed.
Humans↗
A clinical report of thymoleptic-responsive atypical paranoid psychoses.
The paranoid disorders of five patients remitted after treatment with thymoleptic agents despite the absence of a full affective syndrome. Their clinical symptoms at admission included suspiciousness, hypervigilance, ideas of reference, hostility, belligerence, and delusions of persecution or of infidelity. Some had phasic disturbances with somatic complaints or prominent phobic anxiety symptoms, a family history of affective disorder, or prior responses to thymoleptic drugs. These observations suggest that some patients with paranoid psychosis who do not have a full DSM-III affective syndrome may respond to antidepressant pharmacotherapy alone, i.e., without neuroleptics. Systematic, prospective studies of this phenomenon would help to ascertain diagnostic criteria for such patients and the range of therapeutic responses.
Adult↗
[Giant gastric and duodenal trichobezoar. Presentation of a case and review of the literature].
The case of a giant trichobezoar of 2.500 g in weight observed in a 26-year old woman with paranoid disorder which led her to trichophagia is presented. A review of the literature was carried out with the different etiopathogenic theories and proposed treatments being discussed.
Adult↗
Paranoid personality traits in a panic disorder population: a pilot study.
To better understand the relationship between panic disorder and paranoid personality, panic disorder patients (N = 28) who were referred to an anxiety disorder clinic in a community mental health center were evaluated for paranoid personality traits on a standardized personality self-report instrument. Paranoid personality disorder was found in 54% of subjects. Paranoid subjects were found to have an earlier age of onset, longer duration of illness, and more psychopathology. Possible etiologies and implications for treatment of these findings are discussed.
Adult↗
Erotomania revisited: from Kraepelin to DSM-III-R.
Erotomania, the persistent delusion of being loved from afar by another person, has defied easy categorization for years. Kraepelin and de Clérambault both discussed the syndrome in detail, but it has recently appeared officially for the first time, in DSM-III-R, as a subtype of delusional (paranoid) disorder, in a return to the original Kraepelinian formulation. The author reviews the history, theories of etiology, course, and treatment of erotomania. He concludes that the DSM-III-R classification is correct and that neuroleptics and enforced separation, although only moderately effective, are the best treatments for troublesome cases.
Adult↗
Twin concordance for DSM-III schizophrenia. Scrutinizing the validity of the definition.
DSM-III diagnoses were applied to 26 monozygotic (MZ) and 34 dizygotic (DZ) probands and their co-twins from the Maudsley Hospital (1948 to 1965) schizophrenic series of Gottesman and Shields. DSM-III criteria for schizophrenia were found to be highly reliable and valid, and to have a broad heritability of 0.85, which is comparable with the Research Diagnostic Criteria and Feighner criteria from which they were derived. When the full range of DSM-III diagnoses were considered, both affective disorder and schizophrenia were found in genetically identical individuals. The effect of DSM-III nosology on the twin series was also explored by adding other diagnoses to that of schizophrenia and observing the effect on the MZ/DZ concordance ratio. The addition of affective disorder with mood-incongruent delusions to the schizophrenia spectrum produced the largest increase in the ratio and, by implication, a "more genetic" combination than schizophrenia alone. The maximum MZ/DZ concordance ratio (7.68) was produced by schizophrenia, plus affective disorder with mood-incongruent delusions, plus schizotypal personality disorder, plus atypical psychosis. The effect of adding paranoid disorder (paranoia) and all other affective categories was a reduction in the ratio.
Adult↗
Psychotic grandiosity.
ALTHOUGH PSYCHOTIC GRANDIOSITY, like delusions of persecution, constitutes a major symptom in paranoid psychoses, it has not aroused investigative attention. Surprisingly little has been added to our understanding of psychotic grandiosity in the past 50 years, and our knowledge of it has not advanced appreciably beyond the early descriptions provided by Bleuler, Kraepelin, Freud, and others. It is indicative of this lack of interest that Psychological Abstracts does not have a heading for grandiosity, and that no articles under the heading megalomania have appeared in the past five years. The goal of this paper, therefore, is to reexamine the phenomenology of psychotic grandiosity in order to ascertain its incidence, delineate the various forms it might take, and discover some underlying causal factors. Toward this end, I shall present empirical data gathered from 100 patients at the Illinois State Psychiatric Institute diagnosed during 1968-1971 as having some form of paranoid psychosis.
Adult↗
Rorschach aggression variables: a study of reliability and validity.
This study investigated the extent to which 6 Rorschach variables of aggression (A1, A2, AG, MOR, AgC, AgPast) are related to one another, to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed. [DSM-IV]; American Psychiatric Association, 1994) Cluster B personality disorder criteria, and to self-report measures of anger, aggression, and antisocial behavior. Seventy-eight patients were found to meet DSM-IV criteria for an Axis II disorder, Cluster A personality disorder (paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal) = 9, Cluster B (antisocial personality disorder [ANPD] = 16, borderline personality disorder [BPD] = 23, histrionic personality disorder = 5, narcissistic personality disorder = 12) = 56, and Cluster C personality disorder (avoidant, dependent, obsessive-compulsive) = 13. The results of this study indicated that (a) these 6 Rorschach aggression variables can be scored reliably; (b) 2 factors, revealed by factor analysis, accounted for 77% of the total variance; (c) selected variables were found to be empirically related to DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for ANPD and BPD; and (d) selected variables were found to be empirically related to a self-report measure of anger and antisocial practices. The conceptual nature and clinical utility of these Rorschach aggression variables as well as implications for future research are discussed.
Adult↗
[Typology of paranoid psychopathy (a review)].
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Diagnosis, Differential↗
[Paranoid states in the dynamics of psychopathies].
A total of 46 psychopathic personalities from 30 to 55 years of age were studied. Of them 40 subjects were examined by follow-up checkings. Under psychotraumatizing situations these patients demonstrated acute paranoiac syndromes the content of which was characterized by monotopical delusional ideas. The formation of such acute paranoiac reactions was determined by abnormal personality structures and by individual pathogenic psychotraumatizing situations. The paper contains a description of the psycho-pathological traits of acute paranoiac states in psychopaths and their impact on the general development of psychopathy.
Adult↗