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PubMedDate not supplied

Japan's share of published research in ophthalmology.

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to determine Japan's share of published research in ophthalmology during the last decade. METHODS: Ophthalmology journals with higher impact factors were accessed through the Medline database to elicit the number of articles published in 1991-2000 that originated in various countries, including Japan. The proportion of articles with a higher grade of evidence (randomized controlled trials/clinical trials, cohort studies, and case-control studies) was determined for Japan and compared with the average values of the total articles published in these journals. In addition, the percentage of published research from the 20 top-ranking countries was calculated, showing the trend over time. RESULTS: Of the total articles (21,327), Japan's share in the selected ophthalmology journals was 6.5% (1,387 articles), ranking third in the world, following the USA (51.5%) and the UK (11.3%). The recent increase in the share was statistically significant for Japan (P =.01). However, the proportionate value of clinical research evidence was lower for Japan-originated articles than the average value for the total clinical research articles in these journals. CONCLUSIONS: Appropriate measures should be taken in the ophthalmology field in Japan to increase the number of clinical research papers with a higher grade of evidence.

Bibliometrics↗
PubMed1990

Effects of publishing multiple-choice questions on their subsequent item analysis.

A prospective study was carried out to determine what effects publication within a multiple-choice question (MCQ) book of 63 selected items from a bank had on their performance in subsequent examinations. A closely corresponding group of 63 unpublished questions set both before and after publication of the book was used as control. The specific outcomes studied were those on facility index, r biserial discriminating index and differences in performance between abler (upper 25%) and weaker (lower 25%) candidates. The mean facility index of the published questions increased significantly (P less than 0.01) after publication, while no significant change was observed in the mean facility index of control questions (P greater than 0.05) or in the mean discriminating index of published (P greater than 0.05) and control (P greater than 0.05) questions. Contrary to expectations the mean facility index of published questions increased, after publication, to a greater extent (P less than 0.01) for abler candidates than for weaker candidates. The study supports the hypothesis that publication of questions from a bank makes them easier to answer. The practice of adjusting the cut-off mark for passing according to the proportion of published questions in a given examination, however, is not justified. The findings highlight the need to advise less able candidates to make greater use of the MCQ book in preparing for an examination.

Australia↗
PubMed2007

Best Practice Guidelines on Publication Ethics: a publisher's perspective.

These Best Practice Guidelines on Publication Ethics describe Blackwell Publishing's position on the major ethical principles of academic publishing and review factors that may foster ethical behavior or create problems. The aims are to encourage discussion, to initiate changes where they are needed, and to provide practical guidance, in the form of Best Practice statements, to inform these changes. Blackwell Publishing recommends that editors adapt and adopt the suggestions outlined to best fit the needs of their own particular publishing environment.

Authorship↗
PubMed2006

A bibliometric analysis by geographic area of published research in several biomedical fields, 1995-2003.

We summarized the findings of several studies of ours to compare the quantity and quality of published research from around the world for the years 1995 to 2003. We evaluated the number of articles published and their mean journal impact factor. We also studied the research productivity of various areas adjusted for gross domestic product (GDP) and population. We found that Western Europe leads the world in published research on infectious diseases-microbiology (82,342 articles [38.8%]) and in cardiopulmonary medicine (67,783 articles [39.5%]), whereas the United States ranks first in the fields of preventive medicine, public health and epidemiology both in quantity (23,918 articles [49.1%]) and quality of published papers. However, after adjustments for GDP, Canada ranked first, with the United States and Oceania following closely behind. All of the developing regions had only small research contributions in all of the biomedical fields examined.

Bibliometrics↗
PubMed1980

Personality characteristics of the published and nonpublished occupational therapist.

In this study an attempt was made to establish whether or not there is a publishing type among occupational therapists. A group of therapists, published and nonpublished, were given the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator and then asked five additional questions. The results show that published therapists tended to be Extrovert-Intuitive-Thinking-Judging personality types. They also tended to be older, to have graduate training, and to specialize. Nonpublished therapists tended to be Introvert-Sensing-Feeling-Judging personality types. In applying these findings, students and therapists can develop an introspective view of their potential to publish.

Educational Status↗
PubMed1996

The quality of drug studies published in symposium proceedings.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the quality, relevance, and structure of drug studies published in symposium proceedings that are sponsored by drug companies with 1) articles from symposia with other sponsors and 2) articles in the peer-reviewed parent journals of symposium proceedings; and to study the relation between drug company sponsorship and study outcome. DESIGN: Cross-sectional studies of clinical drug studies published in symposium proceedings or their parent medical journals. MEASUREMENTS: The proportion of articles with no methods sections (which are necessary to assess quality); methodologic quality and clinical relevance scores; and the proportion of articles with outcomes favoring the drug of interest. RESULTS: Symposia sponsored by single drug companies had more articles without methods sections (10%; 108 of 1064) than did symposia that had other sponsors (3%; 58 of 2314) or symposia that had no mentioned sponsor (2%; 29 of 1663) (P < 0.001). The mean methodologic quality and relevance scores of articles were similar both by type of sponsorship and between articles published in symposia sponsored by single drug companies and articles from the parent journals. Significantly more articles with drug company support (98%; 39 of 40) than without drug company support (79%; 89 of 112) had outcomes favoring the drug of interest (P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Articles in symposia sponsored by single drug companies were similar in quality and clinical relevance to articles with other sponsors and to articles published in the parent journals. Articles with drug company support are more likely than articles without drug company support to have outcomes favoring the drug of interest.

Congresses as Topic↗
PubMed2001

[Differences in the quality of Spanish clinical trials published in international periodicals and of the ones presented in general medicine periodicals with wide readership].

BACKGROUND: The assessment of the methodological quality of controlled clinical trials (CCTs) carried out in Spain and published in international journals and the comparison with those published in widely read general journals of medicine (N Engl J Med, Lancet, JAMA, BMJ) may help establishing their limitations and improving quality in future studies. METHODS: Search in Medline of CCTs. Studies were evaluated according to a structured questionnaire (J Clin Epidemiol 1992; 45:225-265). The odds ratio and their 95% confidence intervals were used to compare spanish studies with the remaining studies. The following variables were considered as confounders and controlled for by logistic regression analysis: number of participating centers, sample size, funding source, and the inclusion of epidemiologists in the research team. The journal's impact factor was taken into account. RESULTS: Spanish CTTs had a smaller sample size, were mostly monocentric, reported les frequently the source of funding, and exhibited a lower participation of epidemiologists. The informed consent and the approval by the ethics committee were more frequently omitted. The major methodological differences with the other studies were: lack of pre-study sample size and statistical power estimation, lack of inclusion criteria, poor explanation of patients' flow in the selection process, lack of explanation for unmasked procedures, poor description of methods to assess intervention compliance, under-reporting confidence intervals, and less frequent use of the intention-to-treat principle. The quality score of spanish studies was lower (9.4 +/- 1.7 vs 10.7 +/- 1.5; p < 0.001). These limitations improved with higher journal's impact factor, the quality score was 8.5 in journals with an impact factor < 1.5, and 10.6 in those with an impact factor > 4.5. This last figure is almost identical to the average of CCTs published in general journals of medicine. CONCLUSIONS: Most spanish studies achieved a good quality score. Nevertheless, there are still issues which can be overcome easily. If this goal is achieved, the results will obtain a higher repercussion, as a better quality is observed in those published in journals with the highest impact factor.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed2000

["The Art of Nursing" by Florence Nightingale, published by Claud Morris Books Limited and printed in 1946, which is considered a draft of "Notes on Nursing"].

There are three versions of "Notes of Nursing," that is Nightingale's most famous work. Recently a book that is considered a draft of Nightingale's "Notes on Nursing," was published by Claud Morris Books Limited in 1946. This book is not contained in the "Bio-Bibliography of Florence Nightingale" by Bishop and Goldie. The publisher says about the source that this book is an entirely new and revised edition of Miss Florence Nightingale's personal notes on nursing, first written in 1859. The publisher acknowledges with gratitude the cooperation of Miss P.E. Nutt, in making available correspondence of Florence Nightingale and of Colonel C.H. Paynter in preparing a copy of the first edition of Miss Nightingale's "Notes on Nursing". This book is composed of the preface and 14 chapters. The preface's title is "Every woman is a nurse", and there is Nightingale's autograph with the date 1859 at the end of the preface. There are some differences between "The Art of Nursing" and "Notes on Nursing". In the former, there is a title to the preface and the first chapter's title is "Don't leave it to the doctor" and the last chapter's title is "Testament for a good nurse". In the latter, there is no title to the preface and the content of the former's first chapter is put only as a prologue before the first chapter. The former's last chapter's title is changed to "Conclusion". Further, each chapter has been somewhat expanded. From the above, we can see that, at what may be considered the draft stage of "Notes on Nursing", Nightingale wanted to emphasize the following things: "Every woman is a nurse", "Don't leave it to the doctor,; and "Testament for a good nurse". However, we can see that, at the stage of publishing of "Notes of Nursing", Nightingale had second thoughts. She complied with advice she received to avoid dissension among the knowlegeable and antipathy from doctors, and she settled on plain expression to make the contents clear to all.

England↗
PubMed1999

[Author analysis of papers published in "Space Medicine & Medical Engineering" from 1988 to 1998].

Objective. To probe into the characteristics of authors, institutes and region distribution of papers published in "Space Medicine & Medical Engineering" (SMME), as well as its papers indexed and cited by CBMDisc, CB-ISITC and CSCD-CD98; to look into its core authors, core regions and core institutes. Method. Bibliometric method was used to analyse its published papers, cited papers and indexed papers. Result. 716 papers have been published in SMME, among which 622 were coauthor papers (86.9%); 94 were single author papers (13.1%); organization collaboration papers 109 (15.2%); institutes 548 (76.5%); colleges and Universities 132 (18.4%); hospitals 36 (5.1%). CBMDisc and CB-ISTIC index rate were 81% and 75% of its papers respectively, SMME's 39 papers were cited in 25 journals via CSCD-CD98, 10 of 42 core authors are cited. Conclusion. Papers published in SMME per issue have been increasing in 10 years, core region is Beijing. Core authors have been formed in SMME. Papers indexed by CBMDisc and CB-ISTIC are also increasing. But its citation status is not ideal, and high cited papers and high cited authors are few. Numbers and types of Natural Scientific Foundation supported papers are increasing.

Academies and Institutes↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Proportion of reports published after their presentation in meetings of Farmacia Hospitalaria].

OBJECTIVE: The goal of our study is to establish the publishing percentage of reports accepted in congresses of Sociedad Española de Farmacia Hospitalaria held during the years 1996-98. METHODS: Any paper in a journal indexed within Indice Médico Español. RESULTS: From a total of 638 reports, 35 corresponding to the 1998 congress (15.6%), 27 to the 1997 congress (13.4%) and 30 to the 1996 congress (15.6%) were later published. Only 3.4% of the aforementioned 638 reports were published in journals indexed in Index Medicus. CONCLUSIONS: Percentages found were noticeably lower than those of other medical groups (41%), but higher than those found for the American Society of Health Pharmacists Congress, held in 1994 (11%). Published reports only rarely show up in journals indexed in Index Medicus. Such scarce widespreading of studies takes relevant information away from both the scientific and clinical communities, and introduces publication biases for systematic reviews. The recent inclusion of our journal "Farmacia Hospitalaria" in Medline will notably increase paper spreading.

Congresses as Topic↗
PubMed2005

Cost-effectiveness of new drugs: a systematic review of published evidence for new chemical entity drugs introduced on the Swedish market 1987-2000.

OBJECTIVES: The number of published economic evaluations has increased dramatically during the past decades, but the number of studies performed for different drugs varies substantially. The objective of this study was to analyze the amount of cost-effectiveness evidence for new drugs, by systematically reviewing the published evidence of cost-effectiveness. METHODS: The study included 442 new chemical entities, approved in Sweden between 1987 and 2000. The amount of cost-effectiveness evidence was rated and analyzed together with information about sales and the therapeutic benefit of the drugs. Information about cost-effectiveness was obtained from the Health Economic Evaluation Database. RESULTS: The results showed that most cost-effectiveness evidence was published approximately 1 to 5 years after the approval year and that very few articles were published before or during the approval year. More than half of the drugs did not have any evidence of their cost-effectiveness. A total of 51 of the evaluated drugs were considered having much evidence of cost-effectiveness, 84 drugs were considered having some evidence, and the remaining 307 drugs had little evidence. The analyses indicated that drugs with improved effectiveness or safety compared with other marked drugs had more evidence of cost-effectiveness and that drugs with low sale were likely to have less evidence of cost-effectiveness than drugs with high sale. CONCLUSIONS: The study indicated that the publication of cost-effectiveness information for new drugs introduced between 1987 and 2000 may be considered rather rational, that is, the economic evaluations were performed for drugs for which this information was most important.

Cost-Benefit Analysis↗
PubMed2005

[Medical publishing in Norway 1905-2005].

The nation-building process in Norway took mainly place before the Norwegian-Swedish union came to a close in 1905. This was not a dramatic change, though the end of the union did bring a lift to Norwegian national consciousness. In 1905 there were three general medical journals in Norway and approximately 1200 doctors. German was the most important language of international science, but most scientific publishing was done in Norwegian. After the Second World War, English became the dominating language of scientific communication. Twentieth-century medicine and medical publishing was an era of specialisation and internationalisation. Norwegian medicine has to a large extent been internationalised through Nordic cooperation, with the Nordic specialist journals being of particular importance. With increasing professionalism in research, international English-language journals have become the major channels of communication, though several Norwegian-language journals (on paper or on the internet) have been established and are of crucial importance to a national identity within medical specialties. In 2005 there is only one general medical journal in Norwegian, in a country with approximately 20,000 doctors. A national identity related to medical publishing is not given much attention, though national medicine is still closely tied in with national culture. Good clinical practice should be based on a firm knowledge of local society and local tradition. This is a challenge in contemporary medical publishing.

History, 20th Century↗
PubMed2005

South Africa: book publisher ordered to pay damages for disclosing women's HIV status.

The High Court of South Africa found that a book publisher had violated the constitutional rights of three HIV-positive women by publishing their names and HIV-positive status. In their claim, the women named as defendants the book's author, a prominent journalist, the book's subject, politician Patricia de Lille, and the publisher, New Africa Book Publishers.

Disclosure↗
PubMed2006

[References in articles published in Revista Española de anestesiología y reanimación: 1999-2003].

OBJECTIVE: To determine the characteristics in citations of articles published in Revista Española de Anestesiología y Reanimación (REDAR). METHOD: References cited in REDAR articles published from 1999 through 2003 were analyzed in terms of type of document, number of pages, language, country of publication, and visibility. Obsolescence was studied based on document age, Burton and Kebler's half-life index, and Price's index. Citation errors were also counted. RESULTS: A total of 14271 citations in 692 articles published in the aforementioned years were studied. Journal articles were the type of document cited most often (n=13113; 91.9%). The average length of documents cited in REDAR articles was 7.29 pages. The language of the cited articles was English in 80.7% of the cases and the majority (51.8%) were published in the United States of America. Journals with impact factors were the sources cited 76% (n=10 833) of the time. The average age of cited works was 9.81 years, the half-life was 6 years, and Price's index was 38.8%. A total of 1610 errors were detected; 609 of them interfered with access to the document. CONCLUSION: The bibliographic references in REDAR are similar to those of other Spanish medical journals and other anesthesiology journals.

Anesthesiology↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Publishing opportunities for nurses in Canada.

Manuscripts are frequently sent to the wrong publisher as nurses sometimes fail to acquaint themselves with professional journals. As a result, their work is rejected outright, not because of its quality, but because the material is not suitable for that particular publisher. This article, the first of its kind in Canada, addresses the issue by bridging the information gap between writer and publisher. The text will be of interest to all who seek publishing outlets for their work, be they administrators, educators, practitioners, or researchers in the field of nursing.

Humans↗
PubMed1974

Current status of biomedical book reviewing: Part IV. Major American and British biomedical book publishers.

This is the fourth part of a comprehensive, quantitative study of biomedical book reviews. The data base of the total project was built from statistics of 3,347 reviews of 2,067 biomedical books taken from all 1970 issues of fifty-four reviewing journals. This part of the study identifies the major American and British biomedical book publishers in terms of their quantitative production of book titles reviewed, and determines the relationships among these publishers. It is found that Williams & Wilkins, Charles C Thomas, Academic Press, and Springer Verlag are the most productive biomedical book publishers in terms of books reviewed in 1970. These four publishers accounted for 32% of the 1,674 books available in the United States and reviewed in the reviewing media in 1970. Williams & Wilkins is especially significant by virtue of reprint activity. The present study also explores the price trend of biomedical books. It is found that the mean price for 1,077 books studied was $16.20 per volume, with a standard deviation of $9.42.

Biology↗
PubMed1994

[Original articles published in Medicina Clínica during 30 years (1962-1992): number of authors, interval between acceptance and publication and bibliographic references].

BACKGROUND: To study different aspects of original articles published in Medicina Clínica (Barcelona) over a 30-year period (1962-1992), with special emphasis on references. METHODS: We selected 12 articles per year at 5-year intervals (1962, 1967, 1972, 1977, 1982, 1987, 1992) using a systematic sampling procedure. The following variables were assessed: number of authors, interval between acceptance of the manuscript and publication in the journal, total number of references, language, document type, and name of the journal. RESULTS: The mean (+/- standard deviation) number of authors showed a statistically significant increase (ANOVA; F = 13.666; p = 0.0001) from 1.83 +/- 0.71 in 1962 to 6.41 +/- 1.97 in 1992. The interval between acceptance and publication decreased from 315.72 +/- 20.48 days in 1982 to 206.16 +/- 89.23 in 1992 (ANOVA, F = 6.074; p = 0.0058). A total of 1816 references were found (24.2 references per article). English was the language of publication most commonly found (76.76%) followed by Spanish (12.6%). There was a statistically significant increase in the use of references corresponding to English articles over the study period (chi 2 = 314.431; p = 0.0001). A significant change was also observed in the type of document use (chi 2 = 143.996; p = 0.0001); references from journals increased from 73.51% in 1962 to 91.40% in 1992. In addition, 50.46% of the articles were published in only 7.84% of the journals. Eight journals devoted to internal medicine (1.79% of all journals) included 23.46% of the references. CONCLUSIONS: The number of authors has shown a significant increase during the study period. The time elapsed between acceptance and publication has decreased significantly. Spanish authors acquired information mostly from the English literature. Articles published in journals are also mostly used as references. A large percentage of references consisted of articles published in core general journals. These journals accumulate a remarkable percentage of the information.

Authorship↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Cysticercosis. Scientific productivity measured with with a review of the literature published from 1965 to 1995].

There have been 2521 articles published on cysticercosis between 1965 and 1995. An analysis of these articles is presented in this paper and includes the subjects, grouped in 61 descriptors and the frequency of each one, the number of articles published each year, which has increased, the journals used, in total 663, 7% of which include 42% of the articles, the parameters used to measure the quality and importance of the main journals used for cysticercosis, for example, 56% have impact factor, the authors and co-authors which add 4848, of these, 59 have published between 9 and 79 articles each one, the analysis of their frequency of publication indicates that once they start publishing on cysticercosis they follow on in this area. Of the most productive authors 58% are Latinoamerican, 22 of which are Mexican.

Authorship↗