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PubMed1997

[Wine and women: an overlooked passage in the Hippocratic corpus].

A passage taken from the Hippocratic Corpus states that at the beginning of pregnancy women say that they do not like the taste of wine. This passage should be added to evidence about wine drinking by women in Classical Greece. It shows that, contrary to previous opinion, women drank wine when they were in good health and corresponds with the notion that it was often prescribed by physicians in order to cure illness.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1977

[Historical notes on the terms "glaucoma" and "cataract" (author's transl)].

The Greek term "glaucoma" has nothing to do with the disease we call glaucoma today and that we use to translate incorrectly with "grüner Star" throughout the German-speaking countries. The Greek adjective "glaucos" does not mean green but gleaming, sparkling. It signified the discolouring of the pupil in glaucoma. It was later replaced by the pathogenetic term hypochysis, Latin suffusio, denoting the supposed "trübe Feuchte" (opaque humour) that was taught to gather and congeal in front of the crystalline lens. Later on "glaukosis" was reserved for incurable cases, disease of the crystalline lens itself, which was looked at as the "organon visus" up to Felix Plater. The word "cataract"--waterfall--does not exist in Greek medicine. It appears in Salernitan medical science around the year 1000 as a synonym for hypochysis, the disease we call cataract today and which has been identified as opacity of the lens since Brisseau (1705). The nature of "incurable" glaucoma, later considered as a disease of the vitreous body, was clearly recognized as a consequence of intraocular increase of pressure only by v. Graefe.

Cataract↗
PubMed1981

[The first word?].

With regard to the very interesting book by Doris F. Jonas and A. David Jonas "Das erste Wort", some remarks are made on the problem of origin and evolution of language. Human language consists of some strata. The deepest one is the pongid stratum represented by a rest of emotionally used clicks in standard languages but well developed and enlarged in the archaic Bushman language. Each baby produces the labial click which is an instinctive phoneme resulting from the sucking movement and other clicks follow (see text). The second stratum in all languages is given by the system of the global words as mama, papa, dada which have no meaning at first so that mama gets in some languages the meaning "mother" but "father" in some others. A third old stratum is represented by a set of about 300 words (so-called elementary parallels) which are the same in nearly all languages, for example kap "to seize, to grasp, to grip". Furthermore, some notes ae made of the hypothesis given by Jonas and Jonas that in prehistoric tomes the female sex in creating of human language predominated.

Child Language↗
PubMed1995

Structure and style in the Hippocratic treatise Prorrheticon 2.

Bearing in mind both the capacity of man and his limits, the author of Prorrheticon 2 states his opposition to irrational prognoses and brings forward the sêmeia as the only basis for a correct prognostic. He does so by enhancing his statements by means of structure (ring-composition, psychological structure of recurrence) and style: in this field he uses several devices aimed to attract the reader's attention, putting together colloquial and high-level expressions. In this paper a similar stylistic technique is intended in order to illustrate the points of the Greek author.

Greece, Ancient↗
PubMed1995

Notes on the syntax of Celsus.

This paper discusses five remarkable syntactic features of the language of Celsus' De medicina: praedicativa, the anaphoric pronoun is, instructive expressions, word order, and complex noun phrases. It is shown that these features should not be explained as 'vulgarisms', but as functional linguistic characteristics that are appropriate to the subject matter of the text and the requirements of scientific and technical exposition.

Greece, Ancient↗