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PubMed2004

Reducing the influence of extrapersonal associations on the Implicit Association Test: personalizing the IAT.

The authors argue that the Implicit Association Test (IAT; A.G. Greenwald, D.E. McGhee, & J.L.K. Schwartz, 1998) can be contaminated by associations that do not contribute to one's evaluation of an attitude object and thus do not become activated when one encounters the object but that are nevertheless available in memory. The authors propose a variant of the IAT that reduces the contamination of these "extrapersonal associations." Consistent with the notion that the traditional version of the IAT is affected by society's negative portrayal of minority groups, the "personalized" IAT revealed relatively less racial prejudice among Whites in Experiments 1 and 2. In Experiments 3 and 4, the personalized IAT correlated more strongly with explicit measures of attitudes and behavioral intentions than did the traditional IAT. The feasibility of disentangling personal and extrapersonal associations is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Different personality tests applied to the concept of alexithymia].

The concept of alexithymia, which is the inability to express feeling in words, was studied with projective tests applied to 75 subjects; psychosomatics, neurotics and somatoform patients and a control group. The most important characteristic of alexithymia is the cognitive disturbance identified in the Rorschach test. Also, the Archetypal test with Nine Elements is a good instrument for assessment the symbolic function in the alexithymia.

Affective Symptoms↗
PubMed1978

Using neuropsychological and personality tests to assess the likelihood of patient employment.

This study assessed the ability deficits and personality disturbances associated with three levels of employment in patients referred for neuropsychological testing. Highly significant group differences were found, with the unemployed group consistently showing greatest pathology on the tests, the full time employed group performing relatively normally, and the part time employed group earning intermediate scores. A discriminant function which used both neuropsychological and personality measures was found to discriminate unemployed from full time employed patients satisfactorily. Classification rates achieved by the function for validation and cross-validation samples support its clinical utility in identifying new patients who are at high risk for unemployment. It appears that psychological tests commonly used in neurological and psychiatric diagnosis can also help predict some aspects of patients' abilities to function in everyday life.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

The critical impact of Frantz Fanon and Henri Collomb: race, gender, and personality testing of North and West Africans.

In 2001, the U.S. Surgeon General declared publicly that culture counts in mental health care. This welcome recognition of the role of culture in mental health appears somewhat belated. In 1956, Frantz Fanon and Henri Collomb both presented culturally sensitive studies of the Thematic Apperception Test at the major French-language mental health conference. The contrast between these two studies and between the careers of Fanon and Collomb reveals some of the difficulties in creating cultural and gender sensitivity in psychiatry or psychology.

Africa, Northern↗
PubMed1995

Projective personality tests of children with inflammatory bowel disease.

15 children with inflammatory bowel disease were given projective tests after initial diagnosis. Analysis of responses suggested affective constriction, abandonment anxiety, and depression. The children were of good intelligence with good object relationships and psychosexual differentiation for their ages. Severe psychopathology and bizarre slippage were absent.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Depression and figure size on the Draw-A-Person test.

The relationship between figure size on the Draw-A-Person and depression was studied for depressed patients, non-depressed patients, and non-depressed hospital employees (30 males and 30 females in each group). All participants completed a figure drawing and a measure of depression, Beck's Inventory or the MMPI. No differences were found between any of the groups, that is, all groups drew figures of close to the same size. Figure size and depression were not related.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[The specificity of the lupus band test. Personal findings and literature data (author's transl)].

The lupus band test is usually considered as a valuable aid for the diagnosis of lupus erythematous. Involved skin shows positive results in about 900 p. 100 of cases of discoid LE and systemic LE. However, the specificity of this test has been challenged by reports of positive immunofluorescent findings in other cutaneous diseases, like rosacea, in non-cutaneous diseases, and in healthy individuals. Discrepant data from the literature prompted us to report our own experience : direct immunofluorescent examination of skin biopsies was performed in 550 patients from a dermatologic department. Concerning diseased skin, a dermal-epidermal band was observed only in 18 cases of lupus erythematosus, in 4 cases of lepromatous leprosy, in one case of vasculitis, one case of prurigo, and one case of dermatomyositis. Concerning healthy skin, a band was seen only in 8 cases of systemic lupus erythematosus. These results confirm other reports establishing the specificity of the lupus band test.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1976

The influence of interviewer self-disclosure and verbal reinforcement on personality tests.

The effects of prior interview experiences on subsequent test responding were examined by comparing the influence of three interviewer behaviors: interviewer self-disclosure, interviewer verbal reinforcement of self-referent statements, and direct instructions to be self-disclosive. Performance was contrasted with a control interview condition characterized by no interviewer self-disclosure or self-referent reinforcement and with a no-interview condition. Responses on measures of self-disclosure and anxiety indicated that female Ss tended to be more self-disclosive than males in general, but were relatively uninfluenced by experimental condition. For male Ss, verbal reinforcement increased self-disclosure relative to the interviewer seld-disclosure condition. Interviewer self-disclosure was shown to result in more favorable perceptions of the self and the interviewer, particularly for males, and greater social evaluative anxiety for females. Both these factors are discussed as possibly counteracting the modelling effects of interviewer self-disclosure. An interpretation of the results in terms of interactions between S sex, interviewer sex, and experimental condition is proposed and implications for related research discussed.

Anxiety↗
PubMed1994

Emotional indicators of deaf children on the Draw-A-Person test.

The purpose of this study was to test the validity of the Draw-A-Person: Screening Procedure for Emotional Disturbance (DAP:SPED; Naglieri, McNeish, & Bardos, 1991) when used with deaf children ages 9 through 12. Subjects were children with severe to profound prelingual hearing losses and at least low average intelligence. They were divided into two groups: emotionally disturbed and not emotionally disturbed based on a combination of factors. DAP:SPED group mean scores were not significantly different. In fact, the not emotionally disturbed group scored higher, or more pathological, than the emotionally disturbed group. More than half of the subjects from each group were misclassified using the DAP:SPED system. Results indicate that the DAP:SPED is not a valid screening instrument for use with deaf children and that there is a need for separate normative data for this group.

Affect↗