Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “PERIODONTICS”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Collagen implants do not preserve periodontal ligament homeostasis in periodontal wounds.

An improved understanding of the differentiation of periodontal ligament cells could facilitate the development of new treatment approaches for overcoming the loss of specialized cell types caused by periodontitis. To study healing of wounded periodontal tissues and the differentiation of mineralizing connective tissue cells in periodontal ligament, we have examined the influence of wound size and collagen implantation on the regeneration of periodontium and on immunohistochemical staining for osteopontin and bone sialoprotein. Four groups of Wistar rats were wounded by drilling through the alveolar bone and by extirpation of the periodontal ligament. Wounds were 0.6 or 1.8 mm in diameter and defects were either implanted with collagen gels or were treated without implants. Rats were killed at 1 wk or 2 months after wounding and tissue sections were stained with monoclonal antibodies against rat osteopontin and bone sialoprotein. Collagen implants strongly increased staining for osteopontin and bone sialoprotein in defects at 1 wk. By 2 months alveolar bone healed completely regardless of the wound size but in large defects, periodontal ligament width was significantly reduced with or without implants. In large wounds at 2 months, collagen implants inhibited bone regeneration and there was stronger staining for osteopontin and bone sialoprotein in the bone replacing the implant, indicating that collagen prolonged bone remodelling. We conclude that implantation of exogenous collagen affects alveolar bone healing but does not preserve the width of the regenerated periodontal ligament. Therefore collagen does not appear to contribute to homeostasis in the periodontium following wounding.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1995

The effect of initial periodontal therapy on salivary platelet-activating factor levels in chronic adult periodontitis.

Platelet-activating factor (PAF), a potent phospholipid inflammatory mediator, is increased in the mixed saliva of subjects with periodontal disease and correlates with the extent of oral inflammation. The present study was designed to provide a longitudinal evaluation of the effect of initial periodontal therapy (home care instruction, prophylaxis, and scaling/root planing) on salivary PAF levels in chronic adult periodontitis patients (n = 15). Mixed saliva was collected prior to, during, and after initial therapy and was utilized to assess PAF levels after lipid extraction and fractionation as well as to histologically assess the number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). PAF activity was determined in bioassay relative to authentic PAF (1-O-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine; 16:0-alkyl-PAF). Initial salivary PAF levels (12.1 +/- 2.8 pmole equivalents of 16:0-alkyl-PAF/ml saliva; mean +/- SE) decreased following supragingival plaque control (9.6 +/- 2.4) and were further reduced following scaling and root planing (5.7 +/- 1.4). In parallel, salivary PMN levels were significantly reduced and clinical estimates of periodontal disease were significantly improved; i.e., there was a decrease in the percentage of sites with both bleeding on probing (from 46.1 +/- 4.6% of sites at pretreatment to 25.9 +/- 2.6% after scaling and root planing) and probing depths > or = 4 mm (from 16.7 +/- 1.9% of sites to 10.3 +/- 1.2%). Thus, initial periodontal therapy reduced salivary PAF levels in concert with improvements in clinical estimates of marginal and submarginal periodontal inflammation suggesting that PAF may participate in inflammatory events during periodontal tissue injury and disease.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

The effect of occlusal discrepancies on periodontitis. II. Relationship of occlusal treatment to the progression of periodontal disease.

BACKGROUND: A causal relationship between occlusal discrepancies and periodontal disease has been postulated in the past. However, minimal data are available concerning the effect of treatment of occlusal discrepancies on periodontitis. METHODS: The records from a private practice limited to periodontics were reviewed to find patients who had complete periodontal examination records, including occlusal analysis, that were recorded at least 1 year apart. Patients who fit these criteria were divided into a group that had none of the recommended treatment (untreated n = 30), those who had only non-surgical treatment (partially treated n = 18), and a control group that had completed all recommended treatment (surgically treated n = 41). The data for each tooth of each patient, including occlusal status, were placed in a database and analyzed using the generalized estimating equations method. RESULTS: Worsening in overall clinical condition, as measured by worsening in prognosis, indicated that teeth with no initial occlusal discrepancies and teeth with treated initial occlusal discrepancies were only about 60% as likely to worsen in overall clinical condition over time compared to teeth with untreated occlusal discrepancies. Teeth with untreated occlusal discrepancies were also shown to have a significantly greater increase in probing depth per year than either teeth without initial occlusal discrepancies or teeth with treated initial occlusal discrepancies (P < 0.001). In addition, teeth with untreated occlusal discrepancies had a significant increase in probing depth per year (P < 0.001), whereas teeth without initial occlusal discrepancies and teeth with treated initial occlusal discrepancies had no significant increase in probing depth per year (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This study provides strong evidence of an association between untreated occlusal discrepancies and the progression of periodontal disease. In addition, this study shows that occlusal treatment significantly reduces the progression of periodontal disease over time and can be an important adjunct therapy in the comprehensive treatment of periodontal disease.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Commentary: clinical implications of periodontal disease assessments using probing depth and bleeding on probing to measure the status of the periodontal-biofilm interface.

Periodontal disease has traditionally been classified based upon history and clinical presentation, but considerable heterogeneity persists within each diagnostic category. Clinical signs have relatively weak sensitivity and specificity for predicting disease outcomes in treated and untreated individuals, suggesting the need for improved periodontal classifications, prognosis, and treatment strategies. Data from an epidemiologic study that included full-mouth clinical periodontal measurements from more than 6700 community-dwelling subjects were analyzed to identify heterogeneity in disease presentation. These analyses were used to create periodontal disease classifications based upon probing depths (PD) and bleeding on probing (BOP) scores. Two distinct disease classifications emerged: i.e. moderate periodontitis (MP) and severe periodontitis (SP). MP was defined as 1 or more sites with a PD of 4 mm or greater and BOP extent scores less than 50%, and SP was defined as 1 or more sites with a PD of 4 mm or greater and BOP extent scores of 50% or higher. These definitions were used to retrospectively analyze data from a pilot study designed to determine the clinical effects of scaling and root planing (SRP) treatment. Examiners evaluated 58 subjects for potential differences in treatment response comparing MP with SP subjects at baseline and 6 weeks after SRP treatment. Plaque scores were associated with greater extent of pocketing (extent PD > or =4 mm) in the MP group, but not in the SP group. Significant clinical improvement in PD and BOP was detected at 6 weeks in the SP group but not in the MP group when using the presented classification to retrospectively compare patient response to SRP treatment using a separate clinical data set. Periodontal disease is a heterogeneous condition, and classifications based upon BOP and PD may be useful considerations in predicting patient clinical response to therapy.

Biofilms↗
PubMed1994

Prostaglandin E2 level in gingival crevicular fluid and its relation to the periodontal pocket depth in patients with periodontitis.

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of 46 normal controls and 90 patients suffering from periodontitis with different periodontal pocket depths were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). The results demonstrated that PGE2 levels in the GCF of the periodontal pockets are higher in patients with periodontitis. The PGE2 level rises as the periodontal pocket deepens, especially in cases where the periodontal pocket depth exceeds 6 mm. This study shows that the PGE2 level is significantly related to the severity of bone destruction in periodontitis.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Effect of periodontal therapy on crevicular fluid interleukin-1beta and interleukin-10 levels in chronic periodontitis.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to analyse the levels of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1beta and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of patients with chronic periodontitis prior to, and following, periodontal therapy for a period of 32 weeks. MATERIAL AND METHODS: GCF samples were obtained from 24 non-diseased and 72 diseased sites of 12 periodontal patients prior to as well as at 6, 16 and 32 weeks post-periodontal therapy. All sites received conventional periodontal treatment and IL-1beta and IL-10 levels (concentration and total amount) were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Additionally, probing pocket depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), gingival (GI) and plaque (PII) indices were evaluated pre-and post-therapy. RESULTS: IL-1beta was detected in 382 out of 384 samples, while IL-10 was detected in 337 out of 384 samples. The total amount of IL-1beta was significantly higher at diseased compared to non-diseased sites (p<0.01). Following therapy, IL-1beta total amounts were reduced, while IL-1beta concentration gradually increased. IL-10 total amounts (per 30 s sample) were similar in diseased and non-diseased sites, and following therapy they remained almost unchanged. By contrast, IL-10 concentration was significantly higher in non-diseased sites (p<0.01) and displayed a significant increase post-therapy. Moreover, IL-1beta concentration and total amount were significantly greater in smokers following therapy, while IL-10 total amount was significantly higher in non-smokers both prior to and following therapy. Total IL-1beta amounts were positively correlated with GI and Pll. A weak negative correlation between IL-1beta and IL-10 levels was noted (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The data suggest that the total amount rather than the concentration of IL-1beta in GCF seemed to be closely associated with periodontal disease severity. Moreover, smoking status influenced IL-1beta and IL-10 levels. An inverse relationship between IL-1beta and IL-10 was evident.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Maintenance of periodontal attachment levels in prosthetically treated patients with gingivitis or moderate chronic periodontitis 5-17 years post therapy.

OBJECTIVES: The present retrospective analysis was performed to evaluate the long-term results of initial periodontal and fixed prosthodontic treatment in patients with gingivitis or moderate chronic periodontitis during post-therapeutic irregular maintenance of 5-17 years. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-four patients participated in the study. Baseline data were taken from the patients' records when the periodontal and the prosthetic treatment was finished. A follow-up examination was performed in conjunction with the radiographic examination including assessment of plaque, bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth, recession and probing attachment loss. Information regarding the oral hygiene habits of the subjects as well as the amount of dental and initial therapy received between the observation time was obtained from the patients' records. RESULTS: The results from the clinical trial revealed that during the mean examination period of 11 years only 31 teeth were lost. The remaining restored and non-restored teeth did not show any significant differences in attachment loss (from 2.9 mm to 3.0 mm) in spite of a higher plaque value at the follow-up examination (from 42% to 48%). The BoP remained stable in the same time period and scored 31% to 28%. CONCLUSIONS: The periodontal attachment levels were maintained during a prolonged period despite irregular maintenance care. This indicates that in a population of obviously decreased susceptibility to chronic periodontitis, it is possible that fixed reconstructions will not - even under suboptimal supportive care - jeopardize the periodontal status.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Periodontal maintenance in a specialist periodontal clinic and in general dental practice.

OBJECTIVES: To monitor the efficacy of periodontal maintenance whether conducted in a specialist periodontology clinic or in the practice of the referring general dentist. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-five subjects with a diagnosis of moderate-severe chronic periodontitis who were referred to the specialist clinic received periodontal non-surgical therapy. Following a 6-month healing phase, subjects were randomly allocated to one of two groups: A (n=18, periodontal maintenance provided within the specialist clinic) or B (n=17, periodontal maintenance provided by the referring general dentist in accordance with written instructions provided by the specialist). All subjects were examined at months 0 (corresponding to 6 months post-completion of non-surgical therapy), 6 and 12. Full-mouth plaque index (PI), % bleeding on probing (%BOP) and probing depth (PD) measurements were recorded. PDs were also recorded at eight test sites which, prior to non-surgical therapy, exhibited PD 5-8 mm, BOP and radiographic alveolar bone loss. Standardized radiographs were exposed at test sites at months 0 and 12, and bone changes assessed using digital subtraction radiography (DSR). RESULTS: As a result of the non-surgical therapy, statistically significant improvements in all clinical parameters were recorded. In the maintenance period, mean PI increased significantly from months 0 to 12 (p<0.05), but this increase did not differ significantly between groups A and B (p>0.05). No other clinical parameters changed significantly in the maintenance phase of the study. Reductions in %BOP, mouth mean PD and mean test sites PD achieved by the non-surgical therapy were maintained and did not differ significantly whether subjects were allocated to group A or group B (p>0.05). Current smokers had significantly deeper PD than non-smokers and former smokers at all time points (p<0.05), although otherwise, smoking status did not affect the outcomes of the study. DSR analysis identified statistically non-significant, slight, alveolar bone loss in both groups between months 0 and 12. CONCLUSION: In the short term, periodontal maintenance can be provided in general dental practice with the same expected outcomes compared with maintenance that is provided in a specialist clinic, providing that general dentists are given specific instructions regarding the maintenance regimen. A strong emphasis on effective plaque control is necessary.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Periodontal disease in HIV-positive individuals: association of periodontal indices with stages of HIV disease.

BACKGROUND: Periodontal disease has been previously associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, and HIV infection has been considered a modifier of periodontal disease. The aim of this study was to report the prevalence and severity of periodontal disease in a population of HIV-positive individuals and to investigate the association between clinical periodontal indices and the stage of HIV disease, as expressed by CD4 cell counts. METHODS: Thirty-nine male HIV-positive patients were recruited and a medical history was taken. To evaluate periodontal disease, probing depth (PD), attachment level loss (AL), bleeding index (BI), and modified gingival index (MGI) were recorded. Associations between the above indices and CD4 counts were examined. RESULTS: Immunocompromised patients (with CD4 cell counts < 200 cells/microl) showed significantly lower BI and fewer sites with PD and AL > 4 mm compared to patients with CD4 cell counts > 200 cells/microl. When patients with CD4 counts < 500 cells/microl were considered alone, a correlation was observed between CD4 cell counts and BI (r2 = 0.1617, P = 0.0463), MGI (r2 = 0.2123, P = 0.0204), and number of sites with AL > 4 mm (r2 = 0.1469, P = 0.056). CONCLUSIONS: Severely immunocompromised HIV-positive patients showed less severe gingival inflammation than expected. Patients with CD4 cell counts > 500 cells/microl showed no association between CD4 cell count and periodontal indices.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Enamel matrix derivative in periodontal reconstructive surgery. A new approach in periodontal regeneration.

True periodontal regeneration is the goal of any periodontal regenerative techniques. Cementum formation is a key event in the development of root and supporting periodontium. Due to its distribution, acellular cementum is the type most affected by early to moderate periodontitis. Studies over the past twenty years demonstrated that, enamel matrix proteins from the root sheath are involved in the formation of acellular, during tooth development. Thus the adjunctive use of enamel matrix derivatives in conjunction with regenerative periodontal surgery could possibly lead to true periodontal regeneration. The purpose of this article is to review the use of enamel matrix derivative in true periodontal regeneration.

Dental Cementum↗
PubMed2006

Increased local matrix metalloproteinase-8 expression in the periodontal connective tissues of smokers with periodontal disease.

Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8 has been associated with the progression of periodontitis, a common inflammatory disease of the supporting structures of the teeth, and with other degradative diseases. Tobacco smokers are at high risk of developing periodontitis that may progress more rapidly and respond poorly to treatment. Therefore, MMP-8 expression was determined by immunofluorescence staining in 60 random, computer-selected fields in the excised periodontal tissues of smokers and non-smokers, balanced for age, gender, and periodontal status. Immunofluorescence intensity, representing MMP-8 expression, in the periodontal tissues of smokers (30 fields from 6 subjects, mean 1154+/-124 units) was significantly higher than that in the periodontal tissues of non-smokers (30 fields from 6 subjects, mean 817+/-60 units; p < 0.05). Serum MMP-8 concentrations were measured by ELISA and compared in a larger group of smokers (n = 20) and age- and gender-balanced non-smokers (n = 20). Systemic MMP-8 concentrations in smokers and non-smokers were not significantly different (p > 0.05). A local tobacco-related increase in MMP-8 burden may contribute to periodontal disease progression in tobacco smokers. This finding may also have relevance to other tobacco-induced inflammatory diseases, such as vascular and pulmonary diseases.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Periodontal pathogens in subgingival plaque of HIV-positive subjects with chronic periodontitis.

Many putative periodontal pathogens associated with periodontal disease in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients also occur in non-HIV-infected individuals. This study examined the prevalence of eight periodontal pathogens in HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients with chronic periodontitis using the 16s RNA polymerase chain reaction technique. The results showed a significant prevalence of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Treponema denticola among HIV-negative patients compared to HIV-positive patients. Sixty percent of the patients in both groups were colonized by five to six species. Odds ratio analysis revealed a statistically significant positive association between three of the 28 possible combinations in the HIV-positive group. They included Prevotella nigrescens/Campylobacter rectus, P. nigrescens/P. gingivalis and P. nigrescens/T. denticola. Although the prevalence of periodontal pathogens is similar in both the groups, the combination of certain periodontal pathogens may be responsible for chronic periodontitis seen in HIV-infected adults.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Relationship of occlusion and periodontal disease: part IX-incisor inclination and periodontal status.

In this study population the following observations have been made: Periodontal destruction, gingival inflammation and mobility were not significantly related to axial inclination of the incisor teeth. Labial gingival recession of the mandibular incisor was related to linguoversion (less than 85 degrees to GoGn). No other associations between incisor inclination and labial or lingual recession were found. Age was not related to either maxillary or mandibular incisor inclination. The periodontal-incisor inclination relationships reported above for periodontal destruction and gingival inflammation were not altered by the factor of age. Study of the secondary influence of incisor inclination on the relationships of selected occlusal factors and periodontal pathosis showed: A. Severe overjet (more than 6mm) had been found to be associated with more periodontal destruction. With severe overjet maxillary incisors in linguoversion (less than 100 degrees to SN) were somewhat healthier than all others. Among the same cases of severe overjet mandibular incisors in labioversion had slightly more disease than all others. B. The absence of a significant correlation between anterior overbite or crowding reported previously was not influenced by incisor inclination. C. Facial alveolar bone thickness, observed clinically, was studied for its relation to periodontal destruction and gingival inflammation. Thick facial alveolar bone was found to be associated with increased pathosis. This finding was not consistent for the maxillary and mandibular incisor and the influence of other factors might be suspected: Incisor inclination had no effect on the bone thickness-periodontal disease findings.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Systemic inflammatory markers, periodontal diseases, and periodontal infections in an elderly population.

OBJECTIVES: To study the levels of systemic markers for inflammation with parameters of periodontal diseases in older people. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a cohort that is being followed prospectively on the effects of aging and body composition on morbidity. SETTING: University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, and University of Tennessee, Memphis. PARTICIPANTS: One thousand one hundred thirty-one participants (mean age+/-standard deviation 72.7+/-2.8); 66% white and 50% male. MEASUREMENTS: Periodontal examination, including probing depth and attachment loss, was performed. Periodontal disease extent was divided into 0% of sites with probing depth of 6 mm or more, 1% to 10% of sites with probing depth of 6 mm or more and more than 10% of sites with probing depth of 6 mm or more. Subgingival plaque samples were collected from four molar teeth, and the levels of periodontal pathogens were determined using the benzoyl-DL-arginine-naphthylamide (BANA) test. Plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) levels were measured in all participants. Assessments of risk factors associated with elevated levels of markers of systemic inflammation were also determined. Multiple regression analysis was employed to analyze the data. RESULTS: IL-6 levels were significantly higher in participants with more-extensive periodontal disease than in other participants. Periodontal disease extent was significantly associated with higher TNF-alpha plasma levels, controlling for established risk factors for elevated TNF-alpha levels. Participants with BANA-positive species had significantly higher CRP plasma levels when controlling for risk factors for elevated CRP levels. CONCLUSION: Periodontal disease and infection may be modifiable risk indicators for elevated levels of systemic inflammatory markers in older people.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Investigation of periodontal ligament reaction upon excessive occlusal load--osteopontin induction among periodontal ligament cells.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the reaction of the periodontal ligament to excessive occlusal loading by observing the histological changes and osteopontin induction. The possibility of ligand for receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB (RANKL) participation in osteopontin induction was also discussed. BACKGROUND: The precise mechanism of periodontal ligament breakdown by excessive occlusal loading remains unclear. We established an experimental model for excessive occlusal loading in vivo. Osteopontin is known to be produced upon mechanical loading and is considered to induce the migration of osteoclasts to the resorption site. RANKL is one of the essential factors for osteoclast maturation and induces the constitutive induction of intracellular osteopontin in vitro. METHODS: The occlusal surface of the upper left first molars of rats was raised by steel wire bonding in order to induce occlusal trauma. The destruction of the periodontal ligament was observed and the production of osteopontin and RANKL by periodontal ligament cells was detected via immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Our model produced wide-ranging destruction of the periodontal ligament. From day 3 to day 7, prominent compression of the periodontal ligament and osteoclast migration were observed at the apical interradicular septum. Osteopontin was detected in some osteoclasts, surrounding fibroblasts, and osteoblasts adjacent to the compression area. RANKL was observed from day 1 to day 7 around the osteoblasts and osteoclasts. CONCLUSIONS: Our model was useful for the detailed investigation of periodontal ligament breakdown during excessive occlusal loading. Although intracellular osteopontin was produced in osteoclasts with intermittent occlusal loading, the role of this protein in the cells was not clear. No correlation between RANKL distribution and osteopontin production in osteoclasts could be found.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Periodontal therapy in young adults with severe generalized periodontitis.

This study evaluated the effect of periodontal therapy on clinical and microbiological parameters in 23 subjects with severe generalized early onset periodontitis. Therapy consisted of oral hygiene instruction and root planing and scaling, followed 3 months later by open flap debridement. Subjects were monitored for both clinical measures and levels of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromas gingivalis as identified by indirect immunofluoresence. Clinical and microbiological evaluations were done at the start of the study, 3 months after the completion of root planing and scaling and 3 months after open flap debridement. Mean probing depth was reduced by both root planing and scaling and open flap debridement and the level of reduction demonstrated by both phases of therapy was similar to reductions found in studies that utilized subjects with chronic adult periodontitis. In contrast, reductions in attachment level due to the two phases of therapy, demonstrated in previous studies of subjects with adult periodontitis were not found in the young adult subjects with severe periodontal disease utilized in this study. Levels of A. actinomycetemcomitans were not significantly affected by root planing and scaling, but were reduced by open flap debridement. P. gingivalis was virtually eliminated by root planing and scaling, demonstrating that the two bacterial types respond differently to periodontal therapy. These changes in microbiological parameters were similar to those found in studies of localized juvenile periodontitis subjects, where surgery or antibiotics have been shown to be necessary to reduce levels of A. actinomycetemcomitans.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Neutrophil-mediated tissue injury in periodontal disease pathogenesis: findings from localized aggressive periodontitis.

Neutrophils play a major role in the host response against invading periodontopathogenic microorganisms. Localized aggressive periodontitis (LAgP) is associated with various functional abnormalities of neutrophils. Based on the recent findings, LAgP neutrophils are not "hypofunctional" or "deficient." They are "hyperfunctional," and their amplified activity is responsible for the tissue destruction in periodontal disease. Several signal transduction abnormalities are associated with elevated neutrophil function in LAgP. There is a strong correlation between defective chemotaxis and decreased intracellular Ca2+ levels; total calcium-dependent protein Kinase C (PKC) activity of neutrophils is significantly lower than healthy subjects; and there is a marked increase in diacylglycerol (DAG) accompanied by a pronounced decrease in DAG kinase activity. In a separate set of experiments on the involvement of the inducible cyclooxygenase isoform (COX-2) and the role of novel lipid mediators in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease, crevicular fluid samples from LAgP patients were found to contain prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and 5-LO-derived products, leukotriene B4 (LTB4), and the biosynthesis interaction product, lipoxin LXA4. Neutrophils from peripheral blood of LAgP patients, but not from healthy volunteers, also generated LXA4, suggesting that this immunomodulatory molecule may have a role in periodontal disease. Lipoxin generation and its relationship to PGE2 and LTB4 can be visualized as an important marker for the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. Thus, major advances in our understanding of the role of the neutrophil in host defense against periodontal organisms have been made through studies of LAgP. LAgP is used as an example of a severe periodontal disease that is related to abnormal neutrophil function. In this model, it appears that a hyperresponsiveness of the neutrophil, due to cell priming/predisposition, results in enhanced tissue damage.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed2002

Localized juvenile periodontitis or localized aggressive periodontitis.

In general, the new term "localized aggressive periodontitis" replaces what was previously known as "localized juvenile periodontitis." Similarly, "generalized aggressive periodontitis" replaces what used to be called "generalized juvenile periodontitis." Aggressive periodontitis is a specific type of periodontitis with clearly identifiable clinical and laboratory findings, making it sufficiently different from chronic periodontitis and warranting separate classification. Not all the characteristics must be present to assign a diagnosis or classify the disease. The diagnosis may be based on clinical, radiographic, and historical data, and laboratory testing may not be essential for assigning a diagnosis.

Adolescent↗