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At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Participation of phospholipase A2 in induction of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) production by human fibroblast, IMR-90 cells, stimulated by proteose peptone.

Proteose peptone (p.peptone) had an ability to induce tissue plasminogen activator(t-PA) production by human embryonic lung fibroblast, IMR-90 cells. The induction was dependent on extracellular Ca2+ concentration. The stimulation of p.peptone caused uptake of 45Ca2+ by the cells. The presences of both p.peptone and Ca2+ in medium were necessary for the continuous induction of t-PA production. Hydrocortisone and dexamethasone inhibited t-PA production induced by p.peptone. In addition, the inhibitors of phospholipase A2, quinacrine and 4-bromophenacylbromide, respectively inhibited t-PA production as well as glucocorticoids. Conversely, melittin, an activator of phospholipase A2, induced t-PA production in a dose-dependent manner. Exogenous phospholipase A2 strongly induced t-PA production and also arachidonic acid moderately did in a dose-dependent manner. P.peptone stimulated the release of radioactive arachidonic acid from 3H-arachidonic acid-labeled IMR-90 cells under the presence of Ca2+. These results suggest that the induction of t-PA production by p.peptone is closely related to the activity of phospholipase A2, that is, the release of arachidonic acid from phospholipids in cell membrane.

Arachidonic Acid↗
PubMed1992

Possible roles of arachidonic acid and its metabolites in induction of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) production in human fibroblast, IMR-90 cells by proteose peptone.

Proteose peptone (p.peptone) had an ability to induce tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) production by human embryonic lung fibroblast, IMR-90 cells. We previously demonstrated that the induction was closely related to the activation of phospholipase A2 in the cells stimulated by p.peptone. In this report, we describe the involvement of arachidonate metabolism in the induction. The induction was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (ETYA), an inhibitor of both cycloxygenase and lypoxygenase, and also by nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), which in low concentrations selectively inhibits lipoxygenase. However, indomethacin, a specific inhibitor of cycloxygenase, had no effect on the induction. 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE), which is an arachidonate metabolite derived from lipoxygenase pathway, had an inductive effect, but prostaglandin E1 (PGE1), which is a metabolite from cycloxygenase pathway, had no effect on t-PA production by the cells. These results suggest that arachidonate metabolism is involved in the induction of t-PA production in IMR-90 cells by p.peptone, and that arachidonate metabolite(s) from lipoxygenase pathway is responsible for the induction.

Alprostadil↗
PubMed1991

Role of Ca2+ in t-PA production by human embryonic lung diploid fibroblast, IMR-90 cells, stimulated by proteose peptone.

Proteose peptone (p.peptone) remarkably induced tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) activity in the conditioned medium of confluently cultured human embryonic lung diploid fibroblast, IMR-90 cells, in a dose-dependent manner. t-PA activity correlated well with the amount of t-PA antigen found in the conditioned medium of IMR-90 cells stimulated by p.peptone. t-PA production by IMR-90 cells stimulated by p.peptone was dependent on extracellular Ca2+ concentration and maximum t-PA production required approximately 3.6 mM extracellular Ca2+. Conversely, elimination of Ca2+ from the culture medium by EGTA, Ca2+ chelate agent, strongly inhibited t-PA production induced by p.peptone. t-PA production induced by p.peptone was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by Verapamil, which inhibits Ca2+ uptake through the slow channels and also by W-7, an inhibitor of calmodulin. These results suggested that influx of extracellular Ca2+ into IMR-90 cells was caused by p.peptone and induced t-PA production by the cells.

Binding, Competitive↗
PubMed2004

Peptones from autohydrolysed fish viscera for nisin and pediocin production.

Various peptones obtained from hydrolysed visceral homogenates of four fishery residues showed their suitability for promoting the growth of lactic acid bacteria, micro-organisms with particularly complex requirements regarding peptidic nutrients. The assay of several treatments with two bacterial species, producers of the two main bacteriocins (nisin and pediocin) demostrated that optimum conditions only imply a brief autohydrolysis at natural pH and room temperature, with subsequent steam-flow stabilisation. Later kinetic analysis of the cultures of both bacteria in the best media provided parameters which, for production of both biomass and bacteriocins (the latter behaved in the majority of cases as a mixed metabolite), indicate comparable or superior results to those found in costly commercial media, specifically recommended for culture of lactic acid bacteria.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Biotherapies of chronic diseases in the inter-war period: from Witte's peptone to Penicillium extract.

In the inter-war period physicians elaborated numerous 'biotherapies' grounded in the complex interactions between physiology, bacteriology and immunology. The elaboration of these non-specific biological treatments was stimulated by the theory of generalized anaphylaxis that linked the violent reaction to a foreign protein to a broad array of chronic diseases, from asthma and urticaria to rheumatism or chronic colitis. Such diseases were perceived as the result of an 'abnormal reactivity' to a sensitisation of tissues and organs by bacteria and by foreign proteins, a view that provided an effective bridge between new concepts derived from bacteriology and immunology and the long-standing pathological tradition. Accordingly, physicians attempted to treat these conditions through specific desensitisation and non-specific biological therapies: peptone treatment, protein therapy, haemotherapy, 'antivirus' or 'opotherapy'. Therapies that attempted to neutralise the harmful effects of chronic infections through 'desensitisation' were not seen as marginal medical practices, but were promoted by leading advocates of the 'Pasteurian sciences', such as Richet, Widal, Vallery-Radot, Wright and Fleming. They also led to development of new products by the pharmaceutical industry.

Anaphylaxis↗
PubMed2000

Simultaneous separation and quantitation of the major bovine whey proteins including proteose peptone and caseinomacropeptide by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography on polystyrene-divinylbenzene.

A precise, sensitive and reliable RP-HPLC method was developed to enable not only unequivocal determination of alpha-lactalbumin and beta-lactoglobulin in bovine whey samples, but also simultaneous measurement of proteose peptone, caseinomacropeptide, bovine serum albumin and immunoglobulin G. The optimised method on the Resource RPC column allowed separation of the proteins in 30 min and could be applied to the analysis of soluble proteins in a variety of commercial and laboratory whey products. Furthermore, some qualitative information on protein heterogeneity and quality could be derived from the RP-HPLC analyses with additional data available from on-line electrospray mass spectrometry. Within- and between-day repeatability over a wide range of concentrations was excellent (RSD< or =5%) for all proteins except immunoglobulin G and bovine serum albumin where RSD was 7-10%. Analysis of grouped data from whey protein concentrate and whey protein isolate samples gave a limit of detection of < or =0.3% powder mass and a limit of quantitation of < or =1.0% powder mass for all proteins except immunoglobulin G. Limits of detection and quantitation were 0.6% and 2.0%, respectively, for this protein. Quantitative data obtained by the RP-HPLC method compared very favourably with data obtained by alternative methods of whey protein analysis.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed2003

Effectiveness of peptone-yeast extract (P-Y) medium in the cultivation and isolation of Entamoeba histolytica/Entamoeba dispar in Turkish patients.

Amebiasis is a common protozoan infection worldwide, causing serious health problems in both children and adults. Today, almost 10% of the world population is infected with Entamoeba histolytica/Entamoeba dispar. The aims of this study were both the comparison of the reproduction rates and densities of E. histolytica/E. dispar in Robinson, Dobell-Laidlaw and P-Y culture media and isolation of E. histolytica/E. dispar from stool samples in Peptone-Yeast (P-Y) medium. Trophozoites and cysts of E. histolytica/E. dispar, maintained in Robinson medium, and stool samples of patients with amebiasis were inoculated into P-Y, Robinson and Dobell-Laidlaw culture media. Reproduction rates reached their peak levels 48 h after the inoculation in all culture media. Reproduction rates in P-Y and Robinson media were found similar; however, they were higher than the reproduction rate in Dobell-Laidlaw medium (p < 0.01); there was no statistically significant difference between the reproduction rates of P-Y and Robinson media (p > 0.05). Twelve isolates from 12 patients were cultivated in P-Y medium and checked for reproduction everyday for 7 days. Twelve of the 12 (100%) isolates were cultivated in P-Y medium, indicating that the P-Y was an effective medium for the isolation of E. histolytica/E. dispar in stool samples. According to these results, P-Y medium could be preferred in immunologic, serologic and molecular studies and, thus the definitive diagnosis of amebiasis due to its low cost and simple formula.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Salmonella isolation with Rappaport's medium after pre-enrichment in buffered peptone water using a series of inoculum ratios.

The ability of malachite green/magnesium chloride broth (Rappaport's medium) to isolate salmonellas from 25 ml quantities of sewage-polluted natural water was investigated. Samples were first pre-enriched in buffered peptone water and varying volumes of inoculum from the pre-enrichment culture were inoculated into Rappaport's broth. Inoculum ratios in the range 1:2000 to 1:10 were examined. The inoculum ratio denotes the ratio of the volume of inoculum to the volume of fluid medium into which it is introduced. Optimum results were obtained with the 1:2000 ratio, although the salmonella isolation rate was only slightly less with the 1:500 and 1:100 ratios. The 1:2000 inoculum ratio was obtained with a graduated loop holding approximately 0.005 ml of fluid. Use of a loop for inoculation has advantages in speed of performance and safety of manipulation.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed2000

Comparison of two commercial preparations of buffered peptone water for the recovery and growth of Salmonella bacteria from foods.

This study compared the performance of two commercial preparations of buffered peptone water. Performance was assessed in terms of ability to resuscitate and recover low numbers of stressed cells, buffering capacity, growth of Salmonella bacteria in pure culture and growth of Salmonella in food pre-enrichments. Although both the preparations of BPW had similar chemical compositions, differences in their recovery performance were found. Brand A recovered significantly higher numbers of heat-injured Salmonella (mean = 0.57 log10 cfu ml(-1) difference) in pure culture compared with brand B when dealing with very low inoculum levels. Although brand B had higher buffering capacity, the pH at the end of the pre-enrichment was found to be similar in both media, even in foods such as milk powder which showed the greatest decline in pH. Both brands were comparable in their ability to grow unstressed Salmonella from different food types. In unstressed cell studies, similar cell numbers were recovered at the end of a 24 h incubation period from both media, although brand B yielded a higher biomass. In the food study with unstressed cells, performance was related more to the food type and the likely association between this and the level and type of competitor organisms present, rather than to the brand of medium used.

Culture Media↗
PubMed1987

Fate of salmonellas and competing flora in meat sample enrichments in buffered peptone water and in Muller-Kauffmann's tetrathionate medium.

Studies have been carried out in which growth patterns of a Salmonella sp. and competing micro-organisms, especially other Enterobacteriaceae, were followed during pre-enrichment in buffered peptone water (BPw) and subsequent selective enrichment in tetrathionate broth (TBB). Pre-enrichment cultures were inoculated with minced meat and three reference samples containing nalidixic acid-resistant salmonellas. Irrespective of their initial numbers in BPw, Enterobacteriaceae increased to 10(8)/ml or more. During incubation in TBB at 43 degrees C, numbers of lactose-positive Enterobacteriaceae decreased in most enrichments which resulted in a positive salmonella isolation, but remained constant in the majority of those that did not. Levels of lactose-negative Enterobacteriaceae did not decrease in most salmonella-positive tests, but did so in half of the salmonella-negative ones. In the salmonella-positive tests the numbers of salmonellas had increased to 10(3)-10(7)/ml in BPw and after transfer to TBB slowly reached 10(4)/ml or more. In all cases the numbers of salmonellas exceeded those of the competing flora on brilliant green agar (BGA). In the salmonella-negative tests the numbers of salmonellas had increased less in BPw and decreased in most of the TBB enrichments. In none of these negative tests did the numbers of salmonellas exceed those of the competing flora on BGA. Escherichia coli dominated in most of the salmonella-negative tests. The results suggest more influence of lactose-positive than lactose-negative Enterobacteriaceae on the detection of salmonellas. The effect of competing microorganisms seems to depend not only upon their initial numbers, but also upon the types that can interact with salmonellas during selective enrichment.

Culture Media↗
PubMed1982

Controlled evaluation of the effect of atmosphere of incubation on detection of bacteremia and fungemia in supplemented peptone broth.

To evaluate the role of atmosphere of incubation in the detection of clinically important bacteremia and fungemia in adults, we compared the yield of microorganisms from 10,541 paired 5-ml samples of blood incubated aerobically and anaerobically. The medium, supplemented peptone broth (SPB) with 0.03% sodium polyanetholesulfonate, and the ratio of blood to broth (1:10) were the same for all cultures. Only cultures with adequate blood samples (greater than or equal to 80% of stated volume) were compared statistically. More fungi (P less than 10(-7) ) grew in continuously vented bottles of SPB. Aerobic incubation also favored (P less than 0.01) isolation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Eubacterium; more than 80% of these bacterial organisms were detected only in vented bottles. Anaerobic incubation (plugged venting units) did not significantly favor the isolation of any genus of microorganisms, although an estimated 11% more Bacteroidaceae grew in the unvented bottle of SPB. By comparison of our data with published results for other media, we conclude that the need for both aerobic and anaerobic incubation of blood cultures is dependent upon the medium used and the microorganisms likely to be encountered. Vented incubation of blood cultured in SPB is crucial for detection of fungi and some bacteria. Routine use of an unvented bottle of SPB may not be worthwhile for patients in whom Bacteroidaceae cause bacteremia infrequently. However, when Bacteroidaceae are suspected as the cause of sepsis, use of an unvented bottle of SPB is prudent.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1982

Controlled evaluation of hypertonic sucrose medium for detection of bacteremia and fungemia in supplemented peptone broth.

Because the value of hypertonic media in detection of bacteremia and fungemia is controversial, we evaluated supplemented peptone broth (SPB) with 0.03% sodium polyanetholsulfonate with and without 10% sucrose in 5,439 paired blood cultures from adult patients. The aerobic atmosphere, 1:10 ratio of blood to broth, and methods for processing blood cultures were identical. Only cultures with adequate blood samples (greater than or equal to 4 ml) were compared statistically. More clinically important bacteria were recovered from SPB with sucrose (P less than or equal to 0.001), including Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterobacteriaceae, and Bacteroidaceae. However, only one of nine isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae grew in SPB with sucrose. Staphylococci (P less than 0.001), Enterobacteriaceae (P less than 0.01), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P less than 0.01), and yeasts (P less than 0.05) were detected 1 or more days earlier in SPB with sucrose. The effect of sucrose on blood cultures appears to be medium dependent, based on comparisons of our results with those of published reports.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1985

Controlled evaluation of supplemented peptone and Bactec blood culture broths for the detection of bacteremia and fungemia.

Comparison of conventional blood culture media with newer formulations of Bactec media for radiometric detection are lacking. Therefore, we compared the yield and speed of detection of clinically important microorganisms with supplemented peptone broth (SPB) and Bactec aerobic (6B) and anaerobic (7C or 7D) broths in 7,627 blood samples from adult patients. Acridine orange stains from SPB, radiometric readings from Bactec, and routine subcultures from all bottles were done at the same time intervals. Bactec grew more facultative gram-positive bacteria (P less than 0.02), Bacteroides spp. (P less than 0.001), gram-negative anaerobes (P less than 0.001). The two-bottle Bactec system required less time to detect Staphylococcus aureus (P less than 0.001), facultative gram-positive bacteria (P less than 0.001), Escherichia coli (P less than 0.02), facultative gram-negative bacteria (P less than .001), and fungi (P less than 0.001). Overall, Bactec yielded 11% more microorganisms and detected bacteremia sooner in 18% of samples than did SPB. This advantage was not because of radiometric monitoring, since most positive Bactec bottles were detected macroscopically. SPB offered no advantage for any group of microorganisms. We conclude that Bactec 6B and 7C or 7D broths used as a unit are superior to a single bottle of SPB with an equal volume of blood for the detection of bacteremia and fungemia, and that Bactec's superiority is not due to the method of detection.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1976

Comparison of isolation of Haemophilus vaginalis (Corynebacterium vaginale) from peptone-starch-dextrose agar and Columbia colistin-nalidoxic acid agar.

A total of 447 cervical or vaginal specimens were inoculated in parallel onto peptone-starch-dextrose (PSD) and Columbia colistin (10 mg/ml)-nalidixic acid (15 mug/ml) (CNA) agar and were incubated for 48 h at 35 degrees C in an atmosphere with 2 to 10% CO2. One hundred (22.4%) of the cultures were positive for Haemophilus vaginalis. Forty-eight of the isolates were recovered from both PSD and Columbia CNA agar, five from PSD only, and 47 from Columbia CNA agar only (P less than 0.001). On Columbia CNA agar, 76 of the isolates were detected after 24 h of incubation, and the remainder were detected within 4 days of incubation.

Agar↗
PubMed1974

Effect of atropine on gastrin and gastric acid response to peptone meal.

The action of intravenous atropine on meal-and pentagastrin-induced gastric acid secretion was studied in six duodenal ulcer patients.A test meal of 10% peptone solution adjusted to pH 5.0 was maintained in the stomach at at distention presure of 15 cm H(2)O, and a modification of the intragastric titration method of Fordtran and Walsh was used to measure gastric acid output by monitoring the rate at which a solution of 0.5 M sodium bicarbonate had to be added to keep the pH of the gastric content constant at the initial (pH 5.0) value. Serum gastrin concentrations were measured simultaneously by radioimmunoassy. The dose of 25 mug/kg-h atropine inhibited meal-induced acid secretion by about 70% and that evoked by pentagastrin by about 30%. The serum gastrin response to the test meal was not significantly altered by atropine. We conclude that atropine is a very strong inhibitor of meal-induced gastric acid secretion and does not significantly change serum gastrin response to feeding in duodenal ulcer patients when postprandial gastric acidity (pH 5.0) and intragastric pressure (15 cm H(2)O) are kept constant.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Effect of roxatidine acetate on daytime and night-time peptone-stimulated gastric acid secretion.

A double-blind, randomised, crossover study in 12 healthy volunteers was performed to assess the effects of roxatidine acetate 75 mg or placebo administered at 8 am and 9 pm on peptone-stimulated hydrochloric acid secretion. In comparison to placebo, roxatidine acetate produced an average reduction of daytime hydrochloric acid output of 86% and 32%, respectively, for the 4- to 6-hour and 10- to 12-hour post-drug administration phases. In addition, roxatidine acetate produced reductions in nocturnal hydrochloric acid output of 75 to 92% with an associated rise in intragastric pH of around 2 units compared to placebo. No side effects or clinically significant alterations in haematological or biochemical values were reported following roxatidine acetate administration. These results suggest that roxatidine acetate is a potent and effective inhibitor of day and night-time intragastric acid secretion.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of peptone shock on oliguric-hypertensive bladder reflex.

The effects of peptone shock on changes in the arterial blood pressure, respiration and urine excretion induced by bladder distension were investigated in 8 anaesthetized female dogs. It was found that during shock when the arterial blood pressure reaches its lowest value no effect can be induced. Later on, when the arterial blood pressure rose to intermediate values the intensity of the reflex effects were proportional to the value of arterial blood pressure. After shock when the arterial pressure was normal again the reflex effects were slightly less intenisve than the control ones obtained before shock, and they were dependent on biochemical changes affecting the nervous centres participating in the reflex.

Animals↗