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Results for “PEPPERMINT”

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PubMed1990

Monoterpene biosynthesis: specificity of the hydroxylations of (-)-limonene by enzyme preparations from peppermint (Mentha piperita), spearmint (Mentha spicata), and perilla (Perilla frutescens) leaves.

Microsomal preparations from the epidermal oil glands of Mentha piperita, Mentha spicata, and Perilla frutescens leaves catalyze the NADPH- and O2-dependent allylic hydroxylation of the monoterpene olefin (-)-limonene at C-3, C-6, and C-7, respectively, to produce the corresponding alcohols, (-)-trans-isopiperitenol, (-)-trans-carveol, and (-)-perillyl alcohol. These transformations are the key steps in the biosynthesis of oxygenated monoterpenes in the respective species, and the responsible enzyme systems meet most of the established criteria for cytochrome P450-dependent mixed function oxygenases. The reactions catalyzed are completely regiospecific and, while exhibiting only a modest degree of enantioselectivity, are highly specific for limonene as substrate. Of numerous monoterpene olefins tested, including several positional isomers of limonene, only the 8,9-dihydro analog served as an alternate substrate for ring (C-3 and C-6) hydroxylation, but not side chain (C-7) hydroxylation. In addition to the regiospecificity of the allylic hydroxylation, these enzymes are also readily distinguishable based on differential inhibition by substituted imidazoles.

Cyclohexenes↗
PubMed2004

Effects of peppermint teas on plasma testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone levels and testicular tissue in rats.

OBJECTIVES: To justify the effects of Mentha piperita labiatae and Mentha spicata labiatae herbal teas on plasma total testosterone, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone levels and testicular histologic features. We performed this study because of major complaints in our area from men about the adverse effects of these herbs on male reproductive function. METHODS: The experimental study included 48 male Wistar albino rats (body weight 200 to 250 g). The rats were randomized into four groups of 12 rats each. The control group was given commercial drinking water, and the experimental groups were given 20 g/L M. piperita tea, 20 g/L M. spicata tea, or 40 g/L M. spicata tea. RESULTS: The follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone levels had increased and total testosterone levels had decreased in the experimental groups compared with the control group; the differences were statistically significant. Also, the Johnsen testicular biopsy scores were significantly different statistically between the experimental groups and the control group. Although the mean seminiferous tubular diameter of the experimental groups was relatively greater than in the control group, the difference was not statistically significant. The only effects of M. piperita on testicular tissue was segmental maturation arrest in the seminiferous tubules; however, the effects of M. spicata extended from maturation arrest to diffuse germ cell aplasia in relation to the dose. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the beneficial effects of M. piperita and M. spicata in digestion, we should also be aware of the toxic effects when the herbs are not used in the recommended fashion or at the recommended dose.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Lessons from peppers and peppermint: the molecular logic of thermosensation.

Sensory neurons report a wide range of temperatures, from noxious heat to noxious cold. Natural products that elicit psychophysical sensations of hot or cold, such as capsaicin or menthol, were instrumental in the discovery of thermal detectors belonging to the transient receptor potential (TRP) family of cation channels. Studies are now beginning to reveal how these channels contribute to thermosensation and how chemical signaling pathways, such as those activated by tissue injury, alter thermal sensitivity through TRP channel modulation. Analysis of TRP channel expression among sensory neurons is also providing insight into how thermal stimuli are encoded by the peripheral nervous system.

Animals↗