Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “PARESIS”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Predictors of nonrecovery in acute traumatic sixth nerve palsy and paresis.

PURPOSE: To evaluate whether nonrecovery from acute traumatic sixth nerve palsy could be predicted from demographic factors or palsy characteristics. DESIGN: Prospective, observational case series SETTING: Multicenter (academic and private practices). OUTCOME MEASURE: Nonrecovery, defined as the presence of diplopia in primary position or more than 10 prism diopters of distance esotropia in primary position at 6 months after onset. METHODS: Using data from a previously described cohort of 84 eligible patients with acute traumatic sixth nerve palsy, we performed multivariate analyses of demographic factors and palsy characteristics. RESULTS: Nonrecovery at 6 months after onset was associated with a complete palsy (adjusted risk ratio, 9.11; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.77-14.84) and with a bilateral palsy or paresis (adjusted risk ratio, 2.53; 95% CI, 0.98-4.29). The choice of conservative management (observation, prism, or patch) versus acute injection of Botulinum toxin (within 3 months of injury) did not influence final recovery. CONCLUSIONS: In acute traumatic sixth nerve palsy or paresis, failure to recover by 6 months after onset was associated independently with inability to abduct past midline at presentation and bilaterality. Although the overall recovery rate is high in acute traumatic sixth nerve palsy or paresis, a complete or bilateral case has a poor prognosis and is more likely to need strabismus surgery.

Abducens Nerve Diseases↗
PubMed1998

The natural history of acute traumatic sixth nerve palsy or paresis.

BACKGROUND: Spontaneous resolution of traumatic sixth nerve palsy or paresis has been reported to range between 12% and 54%. However, previous studies have been based in tertiary referral centers, have been retrospective in nature, have included a heterogeneous group of patients, and have included patients with long-standing palsies. To provide a more accurate estimate of the true recovery rate, we performed a prospective natural history study. METHODS: All members of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus and the North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society were invited to enroll patients with acute traumatic sixth nerve palsy or paresis between March 1996-February 1997. Recovery at 6 months after injury was defined as absence of diplopia in primary position and less than or equal to 10 PD distance esotropia in primary position. Patients who had been treated with botulinum toxin (n = 8) within 6 months after injury and patients with <6 months of follow-up (n = 3) were excluded. RESULTS: Thirty-three eligible patients were enrolled by 27 investigators. Twenty-five (76%) of the palsies were unilateral and 8 (24%) were bilateral. The overall spontaneous recovery rate was higher than previously reported (73%, 95% CI 54%-87%). Spontaneous recovery was more frequent in unilateral cases (84%, 95% CI 64%-95%) than in bilateral cases (38%, CI 9%-76%; P = .02). CONCLUSIONS: In this prospective multicenter study of acute traumatic sixth nerve palsy or paresis, the overall spontaneous recovery rate, particularly in unilateral cases, was much higher than previously reported. Our results have important sample size implications for the planning of any randomized treatment trial and may help guide early treatment decisions.

Abducens Nerve Diseases↗
PubMed1977

[Post-traumatic and post-operative paresis of the leg plexus (author's transl)].

Post-traumatic and post-operative leg-plexus paresis is often misdiagnosed as sciatic or femoral paresis and thus falsely thought to be rare. In 20 post-traumatic cases the cause was predominantly or exclusively due to sacral plexus damage, with paralysis of the muscles innervated by the sciatic nerve and of the gluteal muscles. The most frequent cause was severe pelvic trauma with ring fracture of the pelvis, separation of the symphysis and iliosacral gap or fracture of the hip joint. Postoperative leg-plexus paresis was noted in eight cases after total hip-joint replacement (predominantly damage to the lumbar plexus) and twice after operatively treated fracture of the acetabulum. Both pressure and tearing lesions can be the basic cause.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[On the prevention of paresis of the femoral nerve following abdominal gynaecological operations (author's transl)].

Self retaining retractors may cause paresis of the femoral nerve following abdominal gynaecological operation. In principle all types of retractors may be the cause. Self retaining retractors with small and long lateral blades are especially dangerous. The paresis is caused by direct and indirect pressure of the lateral blades of the retractor on the nerve. The discrepancy between large and deep retractor blades and thin abdominal walls predisposes to paresis of the femoral nerve. Thin underweight patients are especially in danger. In addition, a transverse incision, too much tension and a long duration of the operation are predisposing factors. The prevention is possible by knowledge of the case and a careful selection of the lateral blades of the retractor in accordance with the individual anatomy encountered. Sometimes manual retractors have to be used instead of a self retaining retractor.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Magnetic resonance image-reversible findings in a patient with general paresis.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: We describe clinical, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in a patient with general paresis. MRI demonstrated cortical-subcortical atrophy and broad-coalescent high-intensity T2 lesions in right frontotemporal lobes. RESULTS: After intravenous penicillin therapy, the size of these lesions diminished dramatically. That regression correlated with improvement in neuropsychologic test and CSF analysis. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this is the first case reported in the literature of MRI-reversible lesions in a patient with general paresis. We suggest that MRI is of prognostic value in patients with general paresis. Severe atrophy, especially in the temporal lobe, could be a marker of bad clinical outcome.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1980

Scoliosis and vertical ocular muscle paresis.

Patients with a head tilt from a vertical ocular muscle paresis can often be shown to have an accompanying scoliosis. The scoliosis is usually mild and is postural or compensatory. Although this association is quite common, it is very rarely commented upon, because the relationship between the spinal and the ocular problem is little known. It is important because if such a patient presents with a scoliosis, the patient can be spared extensive investigations if the ocular muscle paresis is of long standing and the Orthopaedic surgeon will know he is, most likely, dealing with a mild scoliosis, and one that has a cause. If the ocular muscle paresis is operated upon early enough it may be possible to remove the head tilt and have a good influence upon the scoliosis. Six patients illustrating these points are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Vocal fold paresis of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease.

No cohesive overview of vocal fold abnormalities associated with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) has been presented in the literature. This study examines a patient in depth and compares the findings with those of published reports to characterize the features of vocal fold paresis in CMT. The affected patient was investigated with nerve conduction testing, laryngeal electromyography, endoscopy, and laryngeal sensory testing. Ten published cases were reviewed for similarities and differences. Vocal fold paresis has been observed in 11 CMT patients ranging in age from 8 to 80 years. Two cases have occurred in the context of CMT type 1, and 9 in CMT type 2. Seven of the 11 cases (64%) were clearly bilateral; only 2 of the 7 cases (29%) required tracheotomy, and both were in children. The electromyographic findings were typical of reinnervation. Sensory findings were present, but did not represent significant disability in the 1 patient so studied. We conclude that CMT does not spare the cranial nerves, as has been previously thought. Furthermore, vocal fold paresis is not restricted to CMT type 2 and should not be considered a hallmark of that category. The available evidence suggests that the neural deficit evolves gradually, may exhibit partial recovery, and often escapes notice for a time. Vocal fold abnormalities are most often bilateral. Because the deficit is generally well tolerated in adults, many cases have probably been overlooked, and no conclusion regarding incidence is possible. Nevertheless, the potential for airway compromise exists, especially in children. Respiratory complaints of CMT patients should be thoroughly investigated.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Bilateral vestibular paresis: diagnosis and treatment.

Patients with bilateral peripheral vestibular dysfunction present a substantial diagnostic and therapeutic challenge to the otologist. Caloric irrigations that suggest bilateral weakness may mislead the clinician when considerable peripheral function remains. Rotary chair testing at several frequencies is helpful in confirming the degree of residual function and may identify patients who have a better prognosis in rehabilitation. Forty-nine patients with bilateral vestibular paresis were evaluated. The diagnosis was based on caloric responses of less than 5 degrees/sec in both ears and reduced gain on rotary chair trials. Oscillopsia occurred in the minority of patients (35%) and was rare unless severe paresis was present. Episodic vertigo occurred in 43%. All patients had abnormal posturography results, with vestibular dysfunction and severe dysfunction patterns predominating. The treatment outcomes of 22 patients who underwent vestibular rehabilitation are discussed. Prevention of bilateral vestibular paresis remains a high priority.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Facial sensibility in patients with unilateral facial nerve paresis.

This study evaluated facial sensibility in 29 patients with unilateral lower motoneuron facial nerve paresis using standard clinical tests of sensory evaluation used at other anatomic sites, most commonly the hand. Vibratory and cutaneous pressure thresholds and moving and static two-point discrimination were measured. Statistically significant differences were found between the affected and unaffected sides of the face, with vibration threshold, cutaneous pressure threshold, and static two-point discrimination being greater on the affected side. Vibration thresholds and two-point discrimination (moving and static) progressively decreased, moving down the face from the forehead to the cheek, chin, and then the lip. Sensibility thresholds are altered in patients with unilateral lower motor neuron facial nerve paresis. These findings document a relationship between sensory disturbance and lower motoneuron facial nerve paresis. The potential functional significance of this relationship has clinical significance for patients undergoing rehabilitation training.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Monocular elevation paresis caused by an ipsilateral lesion.

A 52-year-old woman presented with a paresis of elevation of the right eye, equally severe in abduction and adduction (monocular elevation paresis). CT demonstrated a small, right-sided tumor of the mesodiencephalic junction. Monocular elevation paresis has been attributed to lesions of the contralateral pretectum, although proof has been lacking. Now, with documentation of an ipsilateral brainstem etiology, we can postulate a lesion affecting the upgaze efferents from the ipsilateral rostral interstitial nucleus of the medial longitudinal fasciculus.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1992

Hemidiaphragmatic paresis during interscalene brachial plexus block: effects on pulmonary function and chest wall mechanics.

We studied the effects of unilateral hemidiaphragmatic paresis caused by interscalene brachial plexus block on routine pulmonary function in eight patients. In an additional four patients, we studied changes in chest wall motion during interscalene block anesthesia by chest wall magnetometry. Ipsilateral hemidiaphragmatic paresis, as diagnosed by ultrasonography, developed in all patients within 5 min of interscalene injection of 45 mL of 1.5% mepivacaine with added epinephrine and bicarbonate. Large decreases in all pulmonary function variables were measured in every patient. Forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume at 1 s decreased 27% +/- 4.3% and 26.4% +/- 6.8%, respectively (P = 0.0001). Peak expiratory and maximum midexpiratory flow rates were also significantly reduced. Interscalene block caused changes in pulmonary function and chest wall mechanical motion that were similar to those published in previous studies on patients with hemidiaphragmatic paresis of pathological or surgical etiology. Interscalene block probably should not be performed in patients who are dependent on intact diaphragmatic function and in those patients unable to tolerate a 25% reduction in pulmonary function.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Ectopic pituitary adenoma in the cavernous sinus causing oculomotor nerve paresis--case report.

A 24-year-old woman presented with a rare adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-positive pituitary adenoma in the cavernous sinus, manifesting as sudden onset of oculomotor nerve paresis. Neuroimaging revealed a tumor in the cavernous sinus bulging into the subdural space. There was no continuity between the tumor and the pituitary gland in the sella turcica. Gross total removal of the tumor was performed through the orbitozygomatic approach followed by stereotactic radiosurgery. The oculomotor nerve paresis was resolved. Histological examination revealed an adenoma positive for ACTH. Ectopic pituitary adenoma occurs mostly in the sphenoid sinus or the suprasellar region. This extremely rare case of ectopic macroadenoma in the cavernous sinus manifested as oculomotor nerve paresis without signs of Cushing's syndrome.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1997

[Clinical features and treatment of congenital inferior oblique paresis].

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of isolated congenital inferior oblique paresis. METHODS: 13 patients with isolated congenital inferior oblique paresis examined and operated between 1984 and 1994 in our hospital were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: After a follow-up of 6-75 months, six patients had excellent surgical results, and the rest had improvement. CONCLUSIONS: Isolated congenital inferior oblique paresis occurs infrequently. Its diagnosis is based on the following: (1) presence of vertical deviation in primary position, (2) the results of duction and version examination, (3) negative forced duction test that is different from the test in Brown's syndrome. Surgery is usually indicated in most patients. It consists of weakening superior oblique muscle and recession of inferior rectus muscle in the homolateral eye and recession of superior rectus in the contralateral eye.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Botulinum toxin treatment versus conservative management in acute traumatic sixth nerve palsy or paresis.

PURPOSE: Botulinum toxin (BTX), injected into the ipsilateral medial rectus muscle, has been advocated for the management of acute traumatic sixth nerve palsy or paresis. We conducted a multicenter, nonrandomized, data collection study to evaluate recovery rates of patients treated with either conservative measures or BTX. METHODS: All members of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus and the North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society were invited to enroll patients with acute traumatic sixth nerve palsy or paresis during a 2-year period (between March 1996 and February 1998). The BTX group was defined as patients who received a BTX injection within 3 months of injury. Recovery at 6 months from injury was defined as absence of diplopia in the primary position and a distance esotropia of no more than 10 PD in the primary position. Nonrecovered patients with less than 6 months of follow-up (n = 15) were excluded. RESULTS: Eighty-four eligible patients were enrolled by 46 investigators. Sixty-two patients (74%) were treated conservatively and 22 (26%) with BTX. Sixty-two patients (74%) had unilateral palsy, and 22 (26%) had bilateral palsy. Recovery rates were similar between BTX and conservatively treated patients (overall: 73% vs 71%, P = 1.0; unilateral: 81% vs 83%, P = 1.0; bilateral: 50% vs 38%, P = 0.66, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: In this prospective multicenter study of acute traumatic sixth nerve palsy or paresis, patients treated with either BTX or conservative measures had similar high recovery rates.

Abducens Nerve Injury↗
PubMed1975

[Use of guthimine for treatment of intestinal paresis in peritonitis under experimental and clinical conditions].

A new stimulator of intestinal peristalsis-guthymine (guanylthiourea) was used experimentally and clinically for treatment of the bowel paresis in peritonitis. Preliminary, in experiments on 53 rabbits with colibacillar peritonitis an efficacy of guthymine was compared with other stimulators of the gastrointestinal tract: proserine, a hypertonic solution of sodium chloride and sorbitol. Guthymine was found to be the most effective drug. Clinically, in 23 of 33 patients with intestinal paresis a drip administration of 15-50 mg/Kg of guthymine would provide for aborting the signs of paresis. In 8 patients a moderately pronounced effect was noted. In 2 cases the use of guthimine failed to produce any positive effects.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

[Antioxidant therapy in combined treatment of postoperative intestinal paresis].

Method of treatment of postoperative intestinal paresis with antioxidant emoxipin in experiment demonstrated that stabilization of redox processes and antioxidant systems in intestinal tissues leads to compensation of energy deficiency and recovery of intestinal peristalsis. Clinical use of this method in combined treatment of patients with postoperative intestinal paresis in acute generalized peritonitis reduces time of postoperative intestinal paresis and intoxication, lethality reduced 1,7-fold.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1992

[The early diagnosis and treatment of postoperative paresis of the gastrointestinal tract].

A model of postoperative paresis of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) was reproduced in experiments on 26 dogs. The diagnostic possibility of electrogastroenterography (EGEG) in its early developmental stages is shown. For the removal of postoperative GIT paresis a method for electrostimulation is suggested consisting in irritation of the vagus nerve in the projection of the neurovascular bundle by pulsed electric current under EGEG control. The method was verified in the clinic in 68 patients with signs of diagnosed GIT paresis occurring after various operations, extensive operations on the abdominal organs among others. Electrostimulation was applied on days 2, 3, and 4 after the operation. The result was positive in all patients.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

A case of cyclic superior oblique paresis.

BACKGROUND: Cyclic strabismus, which generally has a 24 hours on-off cycle, is an unusual but interesting form of ocular motor disorder. Cyclic deviations are characterized by periods of significant deviation followed by periods of strict orthotropia. In the orthotropic periods, binocular sensoriality and motricity are normal. During the symptomatic phase, in which the deviation is usually significant and permanent, certain sensory anomalies can be found. Although most referred cases are cyclic esotropia, other cyclic oculomotor disorders have been described. In this report, we present a case with a 24 hours on-off cycle superior oblique paresis that resolved with surgery performed during the alternate day rhythm period. CASE REPORT: A 43 year old woman developed an alternate day hypertropia with bothersome diplopia. During the 24 hour "on" cycles she showed a unilateral left superior oblique paresis. The deviation had onset spontaneously 10 years ago with no previous history of strabismus, surgery or trauma. Following left inferior oblique recession and right inferior rectus recession surgery, the eyes have been straight and the cyclic pattern abolished. CONCLUSION: Cyclic vertical deviation due to a superior oblique paresis can be operated on by means of current surgical procedures in the course of the on-off cycle stage; i.e., before the cyclic pattern has been abolished and the deviation becoming permanent.

Adult↗