Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Osteophyte”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Skin excision and osteophyte removal is not required in the surgical treatment of digital myxoid cysts.

BACKGROUND: Digital myxoid cysts (DMCs) are ganglia of the adjacent distal interphalangeal joint (DIPJ) caused by leakage of fluid from the joint into the surrounding tissues. The connection between the DIPJ and the cyst can be identified by the injection of methylene blue into the DIPJ. However, the injection of methylene blue into the DIPJ is difficult and time-consuming. Based on this understanding of the cause of DMCs, we have used a surgical technique to treat DMCs without the need for skin excision. Herein, we have adapted the technique and demonstrated that precise leakage point identification is not required for treatment success, thus reducing the potential postoperative morbidity, reducing the operative time, and simplifying the surgical technique. DESIGN: This was a prospective, open, nonrandomized trial of therapy. A skin flap was designed to include the cyst and tissues from the cyst to the DIPJ. No skin excision was required, and no osteophyte removal was attempted. SETTING: University dermatology department. PATIENTS: Thirty-two consecutive symptomatic subjects with 26 finger DMCs and 6 toe DMCs. No patient had been previously treated. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Clinical assessment postoperatively and recurrence rate after a minimum follow-up of 8 months. RESULTS: Of the 26 finger DMCs, 24 (92.3%) remained healed at 8 months; and of the 6 toe DMCs, 2 (33.3%) remained healed at 8 months. CONCLUSIONS: Digital myxoid cysts are caused by leakage of joint fluid from the DIPJ to the cyst. The leakage point is sealed in the healing process that occurs after a flap is raised and re-sited. The flap must be designed to include the undersurface of the cyst and the tissues between the DIPJ and the cyst. No skin excision or osteophyte removal is required. The procedure is not recommended for DMCs of the toes.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Protective effects of corticosteroids on cartilage lesions and osteophyte formation in the Pond-Nuki dog model of osteoarthritis.

The in vivo effects of corticosteroids on osteoarthritic (OA) lesions were examined in 12 dogs in which the anterior cruciate ligament had been sectioned. Six were treated with oral prednisone and 6 were treated with intraarticular (IA) injections of triamcinolone hexacetonide (TH), at surgery and 4 weeks later. Twelve other operated dogs received no treatment. All dogs were killed 8 weeks postsurgery. Four of 15 normal control dogs received IA TH injections. Operated untreated dogs developed significant cartilage lesions on the femoral condyles and tibial plateaus with prominent osteophytes. Operated dogs treated orally or with IA injections had a significant reduction in osteophyte size. Cartilage erosions on femoral condyles were observed in 25% of the untreated dogs, 8% of the dogs receiving oral prednisone, and none of the dogs receiving IA TH. In both groups of treated dogs, the size of the tibial plateau lesions was significantly reduced compared with the operated untreated dogs. Histologically, corticosteroids significantly reduced the severity of OA structural changes of the cartilage on both medial and lateral femoral condyles and tibial plateaus in operated animals, with the exception of the lateral plateaus of those treated orally. In electron microscopy studies, we found no evidence of increased cell degeneration or death associated with steroids. IA corticosteroids had no deleterious effects on normal articular cartilage. These results indicate that glucocorticoids administered orally or intraarticularly are effective against the development of OA lesions in this model.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1992

Impairment of osteophyte formation in hyperglycemic patients with type II diabetes mellitus and knee osteoarthritis.

OBJECTIVE: Since insulin is a potent growth factor for connective tissue, the present study was designed to investigate whether radiographic features of knee osteoarthritis (OA) in patients with poorly controlled, insulin-resistant type II diabetes mellitus differ from those in nondiabetic controls with knee OA. METHODS: Radiographs from 25 female patients with diabetes and knee OA were compared with those from 48 female controls who were similar with respect to age, weight, and duration of OA symptoms. RESULTS: Although the 2 groups were similar with respect to the frequency and severity of joint space narrowing, subchondral sclerosis, and geodes, osteophytes were less common in the patients with diabetes (P = 0.044), and spurring, when present, tended to be "marked" less often in the diabetic patients than in the controls. CONCLUSION: The data suggest that diminished availability of insulin at the cellular level or diabetic microvascular disease attenuates the chondro- and osteogenesis required for osteophyte formation in the joints of patients with OA.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Intra-abdominal symptoms arising from spinal osteophytes.

A case of abdominal pain caused by irritation of a segment of jejunum and another due to irritation of the ureter are reported. In both cases the cause of the irritation was established to be osteophytic growth from the 4th lumbar vertebra. After its excision the symptoms disappeared in both cases. To the best of our knowledge, osteophytes have not been reported before to be the cause of intestinal and ureteric pain, and its is therefore urged that in cases of intractable pain these must be considered as a possible cause.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1995

Updated management strategy for patients with cervical osteophytic dysphagia.

Anterior cervical osteophytes impinging upon the pharynx or esophagus constitute a rare cause of dysphagia. In severe cases, surgical removal of these osteophytes can provide symptomatic relief. We describe a patient of this type who failed to improve postoperatively, only to be found subsequently to have a carcinoma of the base of the tongue. To assist other clinicians in evaluating similar patients, and also to emphasize the great utility of modern radiologic techniques in these cases, we propose a diagnostic algorithm that incorporates magnetic resonance or computerized tomographic imaging.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

A comparative study of the treatment of cervical spondylotic myeloradiculopathy. Experience with 50 cases treated by means of extensive laminectomy, foraminotomy, and excision of osteophytes during the past 10 years.

This paper reviews management by means of the posterior approach of 50 patients with cervical myeloradiculopathy caused by spondylosis and stenosis of the spinal canal seen in the past 10 years. Careful selection of patients is an absolute necessity since a primary cause of failure occurred in individuals who subsequently proved to have motor neurone disease. Older individuals with long-standing neurological deficits, especially long tract signs indicative of fixed lesions, were benefited primarily by a lack of further progression of their disorder and occasional improvement in hand function and gait. Diagnostic evaluation should include electromyography, nerve conduction studies, and sensory evoked cortical potentials. With the introduction of the fourth generation CAT scanning equipment, additional diagnostic information is available regarding the internal configuration of the spinal canal, its contents, and the amount of available space at various levels. Supplementary myelography remains of basic importance. Laminectomy includes two levels above and below the areas of significant canal encroachment. Foraminal decompression with removal of only the innermost third of the foramen permits mobilization of the nerve roots, removal of osteophytes and untethering of the dural sac. A great deal of importance is attached to the preservation of the cervical lordotic curve since, with an adequate decompression and an intact dura, the cord moves dorsally into an expanded canal, rising above the ventrally situated osteophytes. In those patients with reversal of the cervical curve and swan neck deformities, posterior decompression has not been of value. Recent more radical procedures in such cases, such as vertebrectomy, remain to be evaluated. Any procedure which will permit further kyphotic deformity, such as laminectomy, is contraindicated. Eighty-five percent of the patients operated upon by the recommended surgical approach improved.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Osteophyte of the femoral head after transtrochanteric rotational osteotomy.

The relationship between change in the shape of the femoral head and the clinical results after transtrochanteric rotational osteotomy for osteonecrosis of the femoral head was investigated. Fifty-six hips in 50 patients, followed for at least 2 years, showed no progressive collapse and no osteoarthrotic change during that time. The growth of a superolateral osteophyte of the femoral head was observed postoperatively at a higher rate with progression of the preoperative stage. Excessive restoration of the rotated necrotic lesion of the femoral head was observed at a higher rate in hips with the growth of the superolateral osteophyte. The total Japanese Orthopaedic Association score at final follow-up in hips with these shape changes of the femoral head was significantly inferior to the score in hips without these changes. There was a tendency for hips with a low ratio of intact articular surface of the femoral head in the weight-bearing area to the acetabulum just after surgery to manifest these shape changes. Although such changes of the femoral head were considered to represent remodeling to stabilize the hip joint, excessive remodeling could worsen the clinical results.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Osteoblasts and osteoclasts in adult human osteophyte tissue express the mRNAs for insulin-like growth factors I and II and the type 1 IGF receptor.

Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are among the most abundant growth factors present in bone. In vitro, bone-derived cells both produce and respond to IGFs I and II, suggesting that these growth factors play an autocrine role in the regulation of bone turnover. In vivo, however, particularly in adult bone, their sites of expression have not been well documented. We have used, therefore, the technique of in situ hybridization to study the expression of the mRNAs for IGFs I and II and the type 1 IGF receptor in adult human osteophyte tissue. Throughout the developing osteophyte there was a strong association between osteogenesis and the expression of all three mRNA transcripts. The highest levels of expression were observed in active osteoblasts. Hybridization signals were weak or absent in flat cells lining quiescent surfaces and in cells of the bone marrow, including those that expressed alkaline phosphatase activity. Osteocytes and cells of the periosteum were negative. At sites of endochondral bone formation newly differentiated and hypertrophic chondrocytes expressed the mRNAs for IGFs and IGF receptor whereas cells of the perichondrium were negative. A striking finding of this investigation was that osteoclasts at sites of bone and calcified cartilage resorption expressed high levels of all three mRNA transcripts. These results support the hypothesis that locally produced IGFs are important regulators of bone formation. The differential expression of all three transcripts among cells of the osteoblast lineage suggests that IGFs may be involved in the maintenance of the mature osteoblast phenotype rather than in inducing the differentiation of marrow precursors or controlling the osteoblast-osteocyte transition.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Bone Marrow↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Anterior osteophyte discrimination in lumbar vertebrae using size-invariant features.

Radiologists often examine X-rays of cervical, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae for determining the presence of osteoarthritis and osteoporosis. For individual vertebra assessment, the boundary increasingly digresses from the general rectangular shape as the vertebra becomes less normal in appearance. For an abnormal vertebra, bony growths ('osteophytes') may appear at the vertebral comers, resulting in a change in the vertebra's shape. Image processing techniques are presented for computing size-invariant, convex hull-based features to highlight anterior osteophytes. Feature evaluation of 714 lumbar spine vertebrae using a multi-layer perceptron yielded normal and abnormal average correct discrimination of 90.5 and 86.6%, respectively.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2001

Contribution of disc degeneration to osteophyte formation in the cervical spine: a biomechanical investigation.

Cervical spine disorders such as spondylotic radiculopathy and myelopathy are often related to osteophyte formation. Bone remodeling experimental-analytical studies have correlated biomechanical responses such as stress and strain energy density to the formation of bony outgrowth. Using these responses of the spinal components, the present study was conducted to investigate the basis for the occurrence of disc-related pathological conditions. An anatomically accurate and validated intact finite element model of the C4-C5-C6 cervical spine was used to simulate progressive disc degeneration at the C5-C6 level. Slight degeneration included an alteration of material properties of the nucleus pulposus representing the dehydration process. Moderate degeneration included an alteration of fiber content and material properties of the anulus fibrosus representing the disintegrated nature of the anulus in addition to dehydrated nucleus. Severe degeneration included decrease in the intervertebral disc height with dehydrated nucleus and disintegrated anulus. The intact and three degenerated models were exercised under compression, and the overall force-displacement response, local segmental stiffness, anulus fiber strain, disc bulge, anulus stress, load shared by the disc and facet joints, pressure in the disc, facet and uncovertebral joints, and strain energy density and stress in the vertebral cortex were determined. The overall stiffness (C4-C6) increased with the severity of degeneration. The segmental stiffness at the degenerated level (C5-C6) increased with the severity of degeneration. Intervertebral disc bulge and anulus stress and strain decreased at the degenerated level. The strain energy density and stress in vertebral cortex increased adjacent to the degenerated disc. Specifically, the anterior region of the cortex responded with a higher increase in these responses. The increased strain energy density and stress in the vertebral cortex over time may induce the remodeling process according to Wolff's law, leading to the formation of osteophytes.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed2002

Osteophyte-induced dysphagia: report of three cases.

Dysphagia is a common complaint of patients seen by physicians. Osteophyte compression due to diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) or Forestier's disease and cervical spondylosis has been identified as a cause of dysphagia. We report three elderly male cases of whom two had dysphagia due to DISH and one had dysphagia due to osteophyte compression associated with severe cervical spondylosis. Clinical and radiographical findings including barium oesophagogram and computed tomography are presented. Endoscopy should be carefully performed to rule out additional pathology in such patients. Medical treatment preferably with liquid forms of NSAIDs and diet may cause satisfactory improvement.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Surgery for osteophyte-induced dysphagia.

A patient with DISH in whom osteophytes caused severe dysphagia has been described. Surgical removal of the osteophytes was simple and effective. The features of DISH have been summarized, the pertinent literature reviewed and the role of surgery discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Multilevel cervical fusion and its effect on disc degeneration and osteophyte formation.

STUDY DESIGN: The effect of single and double cervical fusion on adjacent segments was investigated using a finite element model of the cervical spine. A healthy spine and a cervical spine with a single and double fusion at different levels were analyzed and evaluated. Disc degeneration and osteophyte formation at the endplates and joints can then be addressed. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the biomechanical effects of cervical fusion on the cervical spine from C3-C7. The goal was to asses the increase of intervertebral disc and bone stress induced by cervical fusion, the effects of single versus double level fusion, and whether the level in which the fusion is performed, might affect the biomechanics of the spine. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Clinical studies have reported that 25% of fusion patients report further degenerative problems within 10 years of fusion. METHODS.: Four finite element models of single fusion at different levels were generated, as well as three additional models for the case of double fusion. The maximum von Mises stresses for anulus, nucleus, and endplates and the motion of the nonfused segments were obtained during lateral bending, flexion, axial torsion, and extension. Each case was compared with the normal cervical spine. RESULTS: Results showed stress increases of up to 96% in the anulus, nucleus, and endplates after fusion. Facet constraining prevents increases in stress during extension. The stresses at all levels tend to be larger for double than for single fusion. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study quantify the significant increase in the level of stresses below and above the fused segments in the cervical spine. A sustained level of this stress can lead to further discs degeneration and osteophytes.

Cervical Vertebrae↗
PubMed2003

Fractured osteophyte demonstrated on SPECT and computed tomography.

ABSTRACT We present an interesting case of a fractured osteophyte causing back pain that was demonstrated both on bone single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and computed tomography (CT). The magnetic resonance images, thoracic anterior spine plain radiograph, whole-body bone scan passes, and thoracic spot view were not impressive. Bone SPECT was the impetus for getting the CT scan. The CT scan not only demonstrated the osteophyte but a pseudarthrosis that was probably causing the pain. If it were not for the positive SPECT bone scan, the CT scan would not have been ordered after unimpressive magnetic resonance imaging.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

An unusual cause of difficult intubation in a patient with a large cervical anterior osteophyte: a case report.

This report describes a case in which a large anterior osteophyte on the C2 and C3 vertebrae, due to ankylosing spondylitis, resulted in distortion of the anatomy of the upper airway and difficult intubation. Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a progressive inflammatory disease, characterized by stiffening of the joints and ligaments. Stiffness of the cervical spine, atlanto-occipital, temporomandibular and cricoarytenoid joints may cause difficult intubation (1). This report describes a case in which a large anterior osteophyte on the C2 and C3 vertebrae, associated with AS, resulted in distortion of the anatomy of the upper airway and difficult intubation.

Airway Obstruction↗
PubMed1998

Anterior cervical osteophytes as a cause of pharyngeal stage dysphagia.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the association of anterior cervical osteophytes impairing epiglottic movement as an etiology of pharyngeal stage dysphagia. DESIGN: A retrospective chart review. SETTING: An academic affiliated Veterans Affairs Medical Center. PATIENTS: Veterans 60 years of age or older referred to speech pathology for dysphagia evaluation. RESULTS: Of 376 veterans evaluated consecutively since 1990, 40 patients had dysphagia determined to be secondary to cervical bony protuberances. The evaluation and management of three cases with functional consequences at level C3-5 with no dysphagia etiology present are described. CONCLUSION: Cervical osteophytes need to be considered in the differential diagnosis of dysphagia in older people.

Aged↗