Societal pressures affecting traditional concepts of professionalism: is professionalism changing in optometry?
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Although the General Papers Program (held on Saturday, Monday and Tuesday afternoons at the Annual Meeting of the Academy) has expanded to a format in which 20-minute papers and 10-minute reports are presented simultaneously in 4 or 5 rooms the committee continues to receive abstracts for approximately 25 percent more papers and reports than the program can accommodate. The committee's task of selecting papers and reports is complicated by the failure of many writers of abstracts to include sufficient and pertinent information in their abstracts. This presentation lists the essential elements of an acceptable abstract, and tabulates the reasons for non-acceptance of abstracts.
This paper describes the number, distribution, and characteristics of optometric practices in Nigeria and compares them to similar data in the U.S.A. The results indicate more similarities than differences--the latter attributable to the difference in the age of the profession in the two countries.
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A variety of health care delivery settings and models have been established in the 1980s. The multidisciplinary setting encourages comanagement and continuity of care, provides convenient consultation and communication, and is cost effective. It stimulates learning, helps to consolidate management strategies, and results in improved quality of care. Therefore, the patient and the provider both benefit from this environment. In 1978, the problem-oriented record keeping system (PORS) was implemented in the eye care service of a Boston neighborhood multidisciplinary health center. It facilitated learning, established guidelines for peer review, and improved patient care by assisting the eye care service to communicate patient problems to the other health center services effectively. We review the background of urban multidisciplinary health care settings and the PORS, as well as present several cases in which optometrists participated in patient comanagement with other health care specialists to develop a comprehensive management plan. The benefits of the multidisciplinary approach to both patients and providers are discussed.
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Professor Fergus Campbell and colleagues pioneered the use of the interferometric visual stimulator as a tool for separating optical from neural factors which limit spatial vision. The device is now commercially available as a clinical instrument which 'bypasses the optics of the eye' to measure the potential visual acuity of the neural portion of the visual system. However, the clinician needs to be aware of limitations of current instrument designs and recent advances in our understanding of peripheral vision, to correctly interpret patient data gathered with these devices.
A new electrophysiological optometer has been developed, based on Scheiner's principle. Using two light-emitting diodes driven in counterphase, and grating stimuli in Maxwellian view, the system has been used to refract the photoreceptor plane of the pigeon eye. When a grating is conjugate with the photoreceptors, the electroretinographic response (e.r.g.) is minimal, and the image is stationary. As defocus is introduced, so image shift occurs, and the e.r.g. rises on each side of the refractive minimum. Two experiments were devised to test whether a derived minimum point is primary, by using gratings of bar width 3, 5 and 7 units, and by using random checkerboard stimuli. Ray tracing was used to compute the lobe width of dioptric profiles for gratings of spatial frequency 1.47, 0.88 and 0.63 cycles/deg. The computed lobe widths agree well with experimentally determined e.r.g. profiles. Examination of the lateral visual field, on the horizon, shows that the pigeon eye is emmetropic, and well corrected for astigmatism.
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