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At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Two cases of skeletal open bite treated by sagittal splitting osteotomy of the mandibular ramus--a comparison between successful treatment and subsequent relapse.

Sagittal split-ramus osteotomy was performed on two patients with severe open bite due to Class I malocclusion. The original open bite was -9 mm in case 1 and -6 mm in case 2. After presurgical orthodontic treatment, these values were changed to -7 mm and -8 mm, respectively. The surgical procedure for treating these patients required mobilization of the mandible to close the open bite. The operation was successful in one case, but partial relapse occurred in the other during retention. The factors leading to the relapse were considered by comparison between the two cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Early orthodontic treatment of skeletal open-bite malocclusion: a systematic review.

The aim of this study was a systematic review of the literature to assess the scientific evidence on the actual outcome of early treatments of open-bite malocclusions. A literature survey was done by applying the Medline database (Entrez PubMed). The survey covered the period from January 1966 to July 2004 and used the MeSH, Medical Subject Headings. The following study types that reported data on the treatment effects included: randomized clinical trials (RCT), prospective and retrospective studies with concurrent untreated as well as normal controls, and clinical trials comparing at least two treatment strategies without any untreated or normal control group involved. The search strategy resulted in 1049 articles. After selection according to the inclusionary/exclusionary criteria, seven articles qualified for the final review analysis. No RCTs of early treatment of anterior open bite have been performed. Two controlled clinical trials of early anterior open bite have been performed, and these two studies indicated the effectiveness of treatment in the mixed dentition with headgears or functional appliances (or both). Most of the studies had serious problems of lack of power because of small sample size, bias and confounding variables, lack of method error analysis, blinding in measurements, and deficient or lack of statistical methods. Thus, the quality level of the studies was not sufficient enough to draw any evidence-based conclusions.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2005

Nonsurgical treatment of adult open bite using edgewise appliance combined with high-pull headgear and class III elastics.

This case report describes the effect of a combination of high-pull headgear and Class III elastics on the nonsurgical treatment of an adult open bite. The 19-year 1-month-old Japanese female presented with the anterior open bite of 4.0 mm and mild crowding. She had a skeletal Class II but a Class III molar relationship due to a severe proclination of the mandibular dental arch. Unilateral congenital missing premolars caused a discrepancy between the facial and dental midline. After extraction of two premolars and the impacted mandibular third molars, nonsurgical therapy was performed using the standard edgewise appliance combined with a high-pull headgear and Class III elastics. The successful treatment outcome and stability of the final occlusion indicates that a combination of high-pull headgear and Class III elastics is one of the effective devices in the nonsurgical treatment of open bite and, is especially helpful in uprighting the mandibular dental arch.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Treatment and posttreatment dentoalveolar changes following intrusion of mandibular molars with application of a skeletal anchorage system (SAS) for open bite correction.

The skeletal anchorage system (SAS) consists of titanium anchor plates and monocortical screws that are temporarily implanted in either the maxilla or the mandible as absolute orthodontic anchorage. With SAS, anterior open bite can be improved by the counterclockwise rotation of the mandible, accompanied by the intrusion of molars. The present study was designed to evaluate treatment and posttreatment dentoalveolar changes following the intrusion of mandibular molars. Nine adult open bite patients (7 women and 2 men) successfully treated with SAS were included in the following study. The amount of intrusion, relapse, and dentoalveolar changes were measured on cephalometric radiographs, panoramic radiographs, and dental casts. The results of this study were as follows: (1) the average amount of intrusion of the mandibular first and second molars was 1.7 mm and 2.8 mm, respectively; (2) the average relapse rates were 27.2% at the first molars and 30.3% at the second molars; (3) there were no significant changes in crestal bone heights, clinical crown length, or root length; and (4) counterclockwise rotation of the mandible and decrease of anterior facial height were observed during treatment. Thus, it was concluded that SAS would be a valid modality to intrude mandibular molars for correction of open bite.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Functional regulator therapy in treatment of skeletal open-bite.

A study was performed on the functional regulator, Fränkel appliance (FR4) in order to test its efficiency in the treatment of patients with skeletal open-bite. Pretreatment and post-treatment cephalometric evaluation was done on 11 patients and 10 untreated patients with skeletal open-bite. The results showed that the FR4 appliance was mainly effective on changes in dentoalveolar structures and produced no significant skeletal changes. The degree of anterior open-bite was decreased significantly in the treatment group in comparison with the controls (p < 0.01), due to vertical eruption of upper and lower incisors and retraction of maxillary incisors.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed1996

Acquired anterior open bite and facial arthromyalgia: possible aetiology.

The development of an anterior open bite in four patients with facial arthromyalgia is described. There were radiological signs of condylar erosion in three of these cases. It is proposed that the pre-senile destructive arthropathy of the temporomandibular joint, seen in a small proportion of patients with facial arthromyalgia, results from lysis of articular cartilage and bone, secondary to an inflammatory process initiated by the local release of neuropeptides. Occlusal changes, including anterior open bite, may occur if the destructive arthropathy is severe and outstrips dentoalveolar compensation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Early treatment of skeletal open-bite malocclusion.

DATA SOURCES: Studies were identified by searching the Cochrane Controlled Clinical Trials Register and Medline. STUDY SELECTION: Randomised clinical trials (RCT), prospective and retrospective studies that had concurrent untreated as well as normal controls, and clinical trials that compared at least two treatment strategies but did not have any untreated or normal control group were included. The following were excluded: case series; descriptive studies; case reports; studies concerning treatment in the permanent dentition/ adult patients, surgically assisted treatment, treatment combined with extractions, treatment with full-fixed appliances; and discussion or debate articles. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Year of publication, study design, materials, dropouts, measurements, treatment time, success rate, decrease of open bite and divergence, side effects, costs, and authors' conclusions were recorded. Two independent reviewers assessed the articles independently and a quality evaluation and qualitative summary were performed. RESULTS: A total of 1049 articles were identified of which seven were included in the review. No RCT of early treatment of anterior open bite have been performed. Two controlled clinical trials of early anterior open bite were identified, and these both indicated the effectiveness of treatment in the mixed dentition with headgear or functional appliances (or both). Most of the studies had serious problems with lack of power because of small sample size, bias and confounding variables; lack of method-error analysis or blinding in measurements; and deficient or lack of statistical methods. CONCLUSIONS: The quality of the studies was insufficient to allow any evidence-based conclusions to be drawn. RCT of sufficient sample size are still needed to determine which treatment is the most effective for early correction of skeletal open bite. Future studies should also include the assessment of long-term stability as well as an analysis of the cost and side-effects of the interventions.

Comment↗
PubMed1996

Functional characteristics of patients with anterior open bite before and after surgical correction.

The purposes of this investigation were to compare functional performance between controls and a sample of patients with skeletal anterior open bite prior to surgical correction and to examine how the patients' oral motor function adapted after treatment. Five female patients with skeletal open bite malocclusion were treated with Le Fort I osteotomy and compared to sex-, size-, and age-matched controls. Measurements of skeletal morphology, mandibular range of motion, occlusal force, and muscle efficiency were taken on all subjects over time. Prior to surgery, all patients had lower occlusal forces than did controls at all bite positions. After surgery, occlusal forces at several occlusal positions increased significantly from the presurgical recordings but remained below the level of controls. The mechanical advantages of the muscles of mastication were not significantly different between controls and patients either before or after surgery. The results of this study suggest that correction of skeletal open bite malocclusion may improve occlusal force, but a larger sample is needed to confirm this finding.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2002

Vertical changes following orthodontic extraction treatment in skeletal open bite subjects.

The purpose of this investigation was to assess the vertical changes occurring in skeletal open bite patients treated orthodontically with different extraction patterns. The study was conducted using lateral cephalometric radiographs taken before and after treatment. Fifteen patients who had an anterior open bite (AOB) only were treated with first premolar extractions (Group E4). Seventeen patients with an AOB extending to the posterior teeth were grouped according to the extractions: extraction of second premolars (Group E5) and first molars (Group E6). Cephalometric data were analysed according to the 'two-factor experiment with a repeated measure on one factor' model. The treatment group factor had three levels, E4, E5, and E6, and the time factor two levels, pre- and post-treatment. The differences between the pre- and post-treatment periods were statistically significant for all the cephalometric variables (P < 0.001, P < 0.0001), except for ANS-Me/Na-Me. The time and group interaction were found to be statistically significant for the variables where the time factor is important, such as SN-GoGn angle, SGn-NBa angle, ANS-Me dimension, Na-Me dimension, forward movement of the maxillary and mandibular molars, and the distance to the mandibular plane of the lower molars. The severity of vertical dysplasia did not change in group E4. Generally, however, within the appropriate indications, extraction of the second premolars or the first molars led to a closing rotation of the mandible in subjects with a skeletal AOB extending to the posterior teeth.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

The effects of Frankel's function regulator (FR-4) therapy on the treatment of Angle Class I skeletal anterior open bite malocclusion.

The present study attempts to evaluate cephalometrically the effects of Fränkel's function regulator (FR-4) appliance on the treatment of Angle Class I skeletal anterior open bite malocclusion. Forty Turkish children (26 girls and 14 boys), with Angle Class I skeletal anterior open bite, were randomly divided into two groups of 20 (13 girls and 7 boys). Patients who had not undergone treatment served as the control group, whereas a second group was treated with lip-seal training and the FR-4 appliance. Chronologic mean decimal age at initial period of the investigation was 8.7 years in the treated group, and 8.9 years in the control group. Treatment and observation periods were 2 years. Investigation was carried out on lateral cephalograms taken before and after the study period. The results indicate that a spontaneous downward and backward growth direction of the mandible observed in the control group could be changed to a upward and forward direction by FR-4 therapy. The skeletal anterior open bite was successfully corrected through upward and forward mandibular rotation.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed1999

Open bite, dental alveolar protrusion, class I malocclusion: A successful treatment result.

This case report describes the treatment of a dentoalveolar protrusion, Class I malocclusion with an anterior open bite. The 21-year-old woman presented with a significant anteroposterior and vertical skeletal discrepancy. Her face was convex with procumbent lips. Intraorally, she had an anterior open bite of 4 mm, mild crowding, and an overjet of 4.5 mm. First premolar extractions in conjunction with tongue therapy and high pull headgear were used to reduce protrusion and close anterior open bite. Modification of a tongue thrust habit allowed conventional orthodontic treatment to correct this significant malocclusion and provide stability over the last 4 years.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

A posterior open bite.

A case of bilateral posterior open bite, treated using the 'straight wire' appliance, is reported. The diagnostic problems, associated with this type of malocclusion, are discussed.

Activator Appliances↗
PubMed2001

Treatment of a Class II division 1 anterior open bite malocclusion.

A case report of an 11-year-old Caucasian female who presented with a Class II div I anterior open bite malocclusion. Overjet is 6 mm and the anterior open bite 2 mm. There was a history of digit sucking till she was eight years old. She was successfully treated by non-extraction with pre-adjusted Edgewise appliances and high-pull headgear for a period of 27 months.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed1989

[Case of skeletal open bite treated with orthognathic surgery, with special reference to morphological and functional analysis of the tongue].

Malfunction and abnormal posture of the tongue has been thought to be one of etiological factors for skeletal open-bite at length. In this study, an adult female patient with anterior open-bite is reported, who has been treated by means of posterior maxillary osteotomy and has obtained a good occlusion and profile, which is stable throughout the retention period. Electromyography was obtained from the tongue muscles by surface electrodes and the tongue muscle activity during deglutition was measured before and after surgery. The tongue posture was also analyzed on the basis of the roentgen cephalogram with the mandible at the rest position. Larger tongue muscle activities during swallowing was revealed compared to the control subjects. In addition, anteriorly and superiorly positioned tongue was seen in the initial stage. The amplitudes of the tongue muscle had decreased and tongue posture had shifted posteriorly and inferiorly following surgery, which approximated to the those observed in the control subjects. These improvements of the abnormal activity and posture of the tongue and the stability of occlusion after surgery confirmed that posterior maxillary osteotomy is an effective surgical operation for the anterior open-bite patients in terms of prognosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Moulding of the generate to control open bite during mandibular distraction osteogenesis.

Distraction osteogenesis of the craniofacial skeleton has become a widely accepted, safe, and effective means of craniofacial reconstructive surgery. Despite excellent results in general, there are still some uncertainties related to the procedure, such as development of an anterior open bite (AOB) during mandibular distraction. The aim of this study was to examine whether 'moulding of the generate', i.e. use of intermaxillary elastics during the active distraction phase is possible to close the mandibular plane angle and open bite. Three subjects, 13- and 15-year-old males and a 7-year-old female, underwent mandibular linear and angular bilateral distraction osteogenesis with moulding of the generate. Lateral cephalograms were obtained before the introduction of elastics and following distraction, once the activation was stopped and the patients were ready for the consolidation phase. Conventional cephalometric measurements were used to assess possible changes in the mandibular plane angle and incisor position. Three different anchorage systems (dental, orthopaedic, and skeletal) were used for placement of the intermaxillary elastics. Cephalometric examination showed that the mandibular plane angle was decreased during active distraction osteogenesis with the introduction of elastics and angulation of the distraction device. Depending on the type of elastic anchorage system, smaller or greater amounts of extrusion of the incisors were noted. Moulding of the generate during active distraction can be performed to reduce the mandibular plane angle and open bite. To prevent unwanted dentoalveolar changes from occurring during elastic traction, skeletal rather than dental fixation of the elastics is recommended. Intrusive mechanics may be incorporated into the orthodontic appliances to balance extrusive force by the moulding elastics.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Anterior open bite malocclusion: a follow-up study of orthodontic treatment effects.

Treatment response and stability of the anterior open bite malocclusion were evaluated in 20 open bite patients (17 females, 3 males), who were treated with the Edgewise appliance. The overbite, the number of teeth in occlusion, the functional occlusal contacts of the incisors and the cephalometric characteristics were studied before treatment (T1), at the end of retention (T2), and at least 1 year out of retention (T3). The apical root resorption of the upper incisors was analysed before and after treatment. The mean age at the follow-up control was 17 years 10 months. In 15 patients at least two occlusal contacts of the incisors were possible at the end of the retention period as well as at the follow-up control. The number of teeth in occlusion mesial to the second molars, expressed in percentage of the maximum possible, increased from 40 to 70 per cent during treatment with a positive tendency from T2 to T3. Apical root resorption of the upper incisors exceeded 10 per cent of the original root length in 4 out of 19 measurable cases. One of these patients had a history of trauma and the three others displayed atypical root form. Cases with an increased facial convexity, in which the uprighting of the incisors was possible, seemed to have a favourable treatment prognosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Bite-opening mechanics as applied in the Begg Technique.

In the Begg Technique, factors controlling the anterior intrusive force provided by the archwire have yet to be fully clarified. The rationale for bite opening with very light forces, the effect of Class II elastics on intrusive force magnitude and the intrinsic quality of 'Australian' wire in bite opening are examined in this paper. A formula is presented which allows the intrusive force that archwires exert in different individuals to be predicted. The values derived from the formula were compared with case model measurements. It was found that the intrusive force of the archwire was affected by the length of the individual dental arch. The magnitude of this intrusive force was seen to increase gradually during the period of bite opening and appeared to be related to the use of Class II elastics. The study revealed factors which affected the magnitude of the intrusive force.

Dental Arch↗