Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Nutritional Status”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Growth hormone secretion from the Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) pituitary gland in vitro: effects of somatostatin-14, insulin-like growth factor-I, and nutritional status.

This study investigated the influence of nutritional status on the growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) axis in Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus). The objectives were to study the regulation of GH secretion in vitro by somatostatin-14 (SRIF) and hIGF-I, and to determine whether pituitary sensitivity to these factors is dependent upon nutritional status. Arctic charr were fed at three different ration levels (0, 0.35, and 0.70% BWd(-1)), and pituitary glands were harvested at 1, 2, and 5 weeks for in vitro study. Both SRIF and hIGF-I inhibited GH secretion from Arctic charr pituitary tissue in long-term (18 h) static hemipituitary culture, as well as after acute exposure in a pituitary fragment perifusion system. This response appeared to be dose-dependent for SRIF in static culture over the range of 0.01-1 nM, but not for hIGF-I. The acute inhibitory action of hIGF-I on GH release in the perifusion system suggests an action that is initially independent of any effects on GH gene expression or protein synthesis. Nutritional status did not affect the sensitivity of Arctic charr pituitary tissue to either SRIF or hIGF-I in vitro, indicating that changes in abundance of pituitary SRIF or IGF-I receptors may not explain the alterations in plasma GH levels found during dietary restriction.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

CT and MR imaging of the liver. Clinical importance of nutritional status.

PURPOSE: In an experimental study in rats a correlation between nutritional status and hepatic attenuation in CT and signal intensities in MR imaging was shown. Is physiological nutritional status of importance in clinical CT and MR imaging? MATERIAL AND METHODS: In a cross-over study including 12 healthy volunteers (6 women and 6 men, mean age 34 years), CT and MR imaging of the liver were performed with nutritional status at three different levels, i.e., normal, fasting and after glycogen-rich meals. CT and MR were performed on clinical imaging systems and hepatic attenuation and signal intensity, respectively, were assessed. In MR, T1-weighted, proton density-weighted and T2-weighted pulse-sequences were used. RESULTS: In CT there were significantly (p<0.01) higher liver attenuations in normal nutritional status and after glycogen rich-meals compared to the fasting condition. The difference between fasting and glycogen-rich meals were 10.5 HU for men, 7.4 for women and mean 8.8 HU for all 12 volunteers. In MR imaging the differences were small and non-significant. The results of this study are in accordance with an earlier experimental study in rats. CONCLUSION: In CT it may be of importance not to have patients in a fasting condition as it lowers the attenuation in normal liver tissue. The findings are important for planning of clinical studies where hepatic attenuation will be assessed and may be of some importance in clinical CT. In MR imaging the results indicate that the nutritional status is of less importance.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

The use of anthropometry to assess nutritional status.

Anthropometry (the use of body measurements to assess nutritional status) is a practical and immediately applicable technique for assessing children's development patterns during the first years of life. An evaluation of their growth also provides useful insights into the nutrition and health situation of entire population groups. Anthropometric indicators are less accurate than clinical and biochemical techniques when it comes to assessing individual nutritional status. In many field situations where resources are severely limited, however, anthropometry can be used as a screening device to identify individuals at risk of undernutrition, followed by a more elaborate investigation using other techniques. Similarly, growth monitoring permits the detection of individuals with faltering growth, who can then be appropriately referred to specialized care. Thanks to the standardization that has taken place in recent years, changes in trends over time with respect to the nutritional situation can be evaluated in countries where national food and nutrition surveillance systems have been developed, or where nationally representative cross-sectional surveys have been conducted some years apart using identical, or nearly identical, methodologies. Although data that can be used to evaluate trends are limited, some insight can be gained into the nutritional situation and changes occurring over time in a number of countries. Prevalence figures for underweight (low weight-for-age) have been prepared using standard methods of data collection, analysis and presentation, for several countries in Africa, the Americas and Asia. As such, they fail to differentiate between wasting and stunting, or to evaluate differences between age groups. Also, they do not necessarily reflect trends in other countries in the same or other regions. Still, it is interesting, if not statistically significant, that there has been a general improvement in the nutritional status of preschool children. Intercountry trend comparisons are difficult for two main reasons. Firstly, the time between surveys is occasionally different and, secondly, despite efforts to standardize data analysis and presentation, different cut-off points have been used to calculate prevalence figures and estimate the extent of undernutrition. However, the use of identical cut-off points is not essential for making intercountry trend analyses since it is the general trends in growth deficit and nutritional status over time which are being evaluated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

[Biochemical assessment of nutritional status in the Canary Islands population (1998)].

UNLABELLED: Nutrition surveys include information about dietary intake and nutritional status utilising clinical, biochemical and anthropometric measurements. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the nutritional status of the Canary Island population by means of biochemical and haematological indicators METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional study was realised in a representative subsample aged 6 to 75 years that participated in the Nutritional Survey of the Canary Islands, 1997-98 (ENCA). We determined levels of ferritin and vitamin B12 (enzyme-immunoassay), serum and erythrocytic folic acid (automated ionic catchment), retinol, tocopherol and carotenes (high performance liquid chromatography) and minerals (atomic absorption spectrometry) RESULTS: There were neither sex, age nor socio-economic differences in the reference population sample and the ENCA sample. The participation rate was 48.8%. 25% of the women had deficit levels of ferritin and the prevalence of anaemia in women over 18 years was 2.9%. 13% of the population had low erythrocyte folic acid levels, that increased with age, and 3.4% had low vitamin B12 levels, which, on the contrary, decreased with age, 15% of the population presented a deficit of alpha-tocopherol and 5.2% of retinol, being more frequent in the youngest group, and 56.4% and 41.1% exhibited low levels of beta-carotene and lycopene respectively. Among mineral and trace elements, low levels of manganese drew attention due to its heightened prevalence, and, to a lesser extent, selenium. CONCLUSIONS: In spite of the complexity of its interpretation, this data yields a precise estimation of nutritional status for certain vitamins and minerals in the Canary Island population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Alzheimer's disease, oral function and nutritional status.

OBJECTIVES: To study differences in nutritional, dental status and oral function between institutionalised patients with Alzheimer's disease and cognitively healthy elderly people living in the community. DESIGN: Comparison was made between two groups. Alzheimer's disease sufferers and healthy controls, using established criteria for anthropometric, mental and dental state. SETTING: An institution and residential area in Stockholm, Sweden. SUBJECTS: Forty patients with Alzheimer's disease living in a nursing home and 40 age- and gender-matched control subjects living independently. INTERVENTION: Dental status and anthropometric variables. RESULTS: Overnutrition was less frequent among the demented than the controls and more demented were undernourished. Dental status was similar in the two groups with few edentulous subjects but only 2 of 7 edentulous subjects with Alzheimer's disease wore dentures. Having natural teeth and many functional oral zones is important for food consistency choice, but not for nutritional status. In the Alzheimer group, the stage of dementia has a strong association to the ability to eat unaided and an association with dental status. CONCLUSION: There are differences in nutritional status between Alzheimer's patients in institutions and cognitively healthy elderly living at home. The choice of food consistency is correlated to dental status but nutritional status is not shown to be influenced by dental status. However, the ability to eat unaided is strongly correlated to cognitive status.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Maternal education and intelligence predict offspring diet and nutritional status.

The traditional assumption that children's nutritional deficiencies are essentially due either to overall food scarcity or to a lack of family resources to purchase available food has been increasingly questioned. Parental characteristics represent 1 type of noneconomic factor that may be related to variability in children's diets and nutritional status. We report evidence on the relation of 2 parental characteristics, maternal education level and maternal intelligence, to infant and toddler diet and nutritional status. Our sample consisted of 241 low-income Peruvian mothers and their infants assessed from 3 to 12 mo, with a further follow-up of 104 of these infants at 18 mo of age. Using a nonexperimental design, we related measures of level of maternal education, maternal intelligence, and family socioeconomic status to infant anthropometry, duration of exclusive breast-feeding, adequacy of dietary intake, and iron status. Results indicated unique positive relations between maternal education level and the extent of exclusive breast-feeding. Significant relations between maternal education and offspring length were partially mediated by maternal height. There also were unique positive relations between maternal intelligence and quality of offspring diet and hemoglobin level. All findings remained significant even after controlling for family socioeconomic characteristics. This pattern of results illustrates the importance of parental characteristics in structuring the adequacy of offspring diet. Maternal education and intelligence appear to have unique influences upon different aspects of the diet and nutritional status of offspring.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed1983

The relationship between delayed hypersensitivity response, nutritional status and clinical outcome in surgical patients referred for nutritional support.

Delayed hypersensitivity responses to recall antigens were measured in 125 surgical patients referred for nutritional assessment and support. On initial testing 57 patients were skin test positive and 68 were anergic each of these patient groups being closely matched in terms of surgical conditions. There was a mortality of 4 in the skin test positive group and 26 in the anergic group. The anergic patients were significantly older and in biochemical and anthropometric terms were in poorer nutritional status than the skin test positive group. Of 33 anergic patients who were repeat tested, 15 remained anergic and 18 converted to a positive response. Conversion from anergy to a positive response was not associated with changes in the measured indices of nutritional status and did not improve clinical outcome. The value of repeat skin testing is therefore in doubt.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1998

Nutritional status and physical fitness of elderly sportsmen.

The nutritional status of elderly sportsmen has not been reported on, neither has the nutritional balance nor the precise relationship between nutritional status and physical fitness been detailed for this population. Thus, group of 18 sportsmen [age 63 (SD 4.5) years] was monitored by weighing their food during a 6-day period. Macro nutrient, mineral and vitamin content was derived from tables. Daily energy expenditure (DEE) and sport activity (DSA) were quantified over a 7-day period using a questionnaire. Physical fitness was assessed by maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) measurements. The DEE was 11429 (SD 1890) kJ x day(-1). The DSA corresponded to 38% of DEE and VO2max to 35.9 (SD 6.1) ml x min(-1) x kg(-1). When compared with French recommended dietary allowances (RDA) intakes were higher for energy (+ 24%), macro nutrients, and most minerals and vitamins. Despite high energy intakes, some subjects had mineral and vitamin deficits. Energy intakes were significantly related to intakes of magnesium, phosphorus, iron, vitamins B2, B6, C and to VO2max, but not to age. Stepwise regressions indicated that vitamin C intake was the only determinant to have a relationship with VO2max. Thus, most elderly sportsmen had higher nutritional status than RDA, although some had mineral and vitamin deficits. It is therefore suggested that elderly sportsmen should be encouraged to consume food with higher mineral and vitamin contents.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

[Iodine nutritional status and risk factors for iodine deficiency in infants and children of the french North department].

INTRODUCTION: Iodine deficiency is responsible for a higher mortality and morbidity in neonates and infants. It has not yet disappeared in European countries, especially in Southern and Eastern Europe. OBJECTIVES: The present study aimed at evaluating the status of iodine nutrition of infants living in the North department (France) and at studying risk factors for iodine deficiency. METHODS: The study was conducted in primary health care centres in 160 healthy infants aged ten days to six years (mean +/- SD: 17.7 +/- 2.5 months). Data included: familial thyroid disease history, type of feeding at inclusion, timing of introduction of complementary foods, nutritional status (weight, height, head and arm circumference), as well as maternal education level and family socio-economical status. Iodine status was assessed by urinary iodine excretion. RESULTS: Urinary iodine concentration ranged from 4 to 1042 microg/l (median +/- SD: 195,5 +/- 21,6 microg/l). Thirty-eight (24%) of 160 children were iodine deficient (urinary iodine < 100 microg/l): mild iodine deficiency (50-99 microg/l: 17%), moderate iodine deficiency (20-49 microg/l: 5%), severe iodine deficiency (<20 microg/l: 2%). No relationship was found between iodine status and age, sex, geographic origin of the children, as well as social and occupational group of the parents. Breast-feeding did not prevent from iodine deficiency. Iodine status did not differ between the cow's milk fed group and the group that was not fed cow's milk. Formula feeding was associated with iodine deficiency (p = 0,02). CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence of severe iodine deficiency was very low in this population. However, iodine status was not optimal.

Child↗
PubMed2000

Influence of a carbohydrate drink on nutritional status, body composition and mood during desert training.

BACKGROUND: Nutritional intake by military personnel is typically inadequate during field exercises, potentially compromising health and performance. HYPOTHESIS: Drinking a supplemental carbohydrate (CHO) beverage will increase total caloric intake and maintain nutritional status during military training in the desert. METHODS: A total of 63 volunteers were randomly assigned to one of two groups to receive either a CHO or placebo beverage with military rations during an 11-d desert field exercise. Fluid intake was ad libitum and adequate rations were provided. Blood samples were collected twice to assess nutritional status, and nutrient intake was determined with consumption data. Mood state was examined by questionnaire. RESULTS: Energy intake was significantly higher in the CHO group (3050 kcal x d(-1) vs. 2631 kcal x d(-1)), with additional CHO from the beverage providing energy with some compensation by reduced fat and protein intake. Intakes of energy, folacin, calcium, magnesium, iron, and zinc in both groups were inadequate, with intakes significantly lower (p<0.05) for calcium, magnesium, and zinc in the CHO beverage group. Blood parameters of nutritional status remained within normal ranges with no differences between groups, but significant decreases were seen in pre-albumin. No changes in mood were seen during the training, nor after exposure to desert conditions. CONCLUSIONS: The operational ration supplemented with a CHO beverage significantly increases CHO and energy intakes compared with standard rations and maintains nutritional status for short exercises. Fortification with micronutrients most at risk for deficient intake from foods may be needed for longer deployments.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Nutritional status of teenage female competitive figure skaters.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the nutritional status of female competitive figure skaters during preseason, competitive season, and off-season. SUBJECTS: Eighteen female competitive figure skaters, age range 14 to 16 years, from the New England region. STATISTICS: Data was analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance, Duncan Multiple Range Tests, one-sample t tests, and confidence intervals. DESIGN: Nutrient intakes were determined from 3-day diet records. Body composition was assessed through heights, weights, and underwater weighing. Blood samples were drawn for analysis of selected indexes of nutritional status. RESULTS: Height and weight did not differ significantly among the seasons. Body fat was 1.1 kg higher off-season compared with preseason. Energy intake over the 3 seasons did not vary significantly (mean preseason: 1,678 kcal/day; competitive season, 1,630 kcal/day; off-season: 1,673 kcal/day) (P>.05). During the competitive season 78%, 50%, and 44% of the skaters had intakes less than 67% of RDA for folate, iron, and calcium, respectively. Most of the biochemical indexes of nutritional status were within normal limits. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that teenage female skaters have relatively low energy intake and inadequate intakes of certain nutrients, which may account for some of the observed seasonal variations in blood markers of nutritional status. These findings point to the need for nutrition education for these athletes, especially during their competitive season when nutritional status may be compromised.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Maternal nutritional status, diabetes and risk of macrosomia among Native Canadian women.

Multivariate methods were used to identify risk factors for macrosomia (birth weight > 4000 g) among 741 singleton births to Native Canadian women from Sioux Lookout Zone, Ontario, Canada, in 1990-1993. The average birth weight was 3691 +/- 577 g, and 29.2% of infants weighed more than 4000 g at birth. Macrosomic infants were born at later gestational ages and were more likely to be male. Women delivering macrosomic infants were taller, entered pregnancy with higher body mass indexes (BMI) and gained more weight during pregnancy, but were less likely to smoke cigarettes. They were more likely to have previously delivered a macrosomic infant and to have had gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Risk of macrosomia was associated with maternal glycemic status; women with pre-existing diabetes were at greatest risk, followed by those with GDM A2 (fasting glucose > or = 6 mmol/l). Women with GDM A1 (fasting glucose < 6 mmol/l) were not at increased risk for delivering a macrosomic infant, but glucose-tolerant women with high glucose concentrations 1 h after the 50 g challenge were at somewhat increased risk. Maternal glycemic status and maternal nutritional status before and during pregnancy are important determinants of macrosomia in this native population.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1989

[Evaluation of the effect of gluten-free diet on nutritional status of children with florid celiac disease].

A dynamics of Nutritional Status of 55 children with recently diagnosed coeliac disease was assessed during the treatment with gluten free diet. No deterioration of the nutritional status was seen in 34.1% of the investigated children (time 0) whereas different degree of nutritional deficiency was noted in the remaining 75.9% of children including 10% of children with severe deficiency. After a 2-year therapy with gluten-free diet a deteriorated nutritional status was only found in 8.6% of children. In 27 children with gluten free diet for nearly 3 years, with maintenance of histological remission, the percentage of children with nutritional deficiency was 7.2%. The fact of normal Nutritional Status in more than 30% of the investigated coeliac children at the time of the initial diagnosis seems to be an effect of early and proper initial diagnosis.

Celiac Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The relationship of pubertal status to body image, social physique anxiety, preoccupation with weight and nutritional status in young females.

The relationship of puberty to body image, social physique anxiety, preoccupation with weight and nutritional status was examined in 77 non-obese females (7-16 years). Results showed that 34% of the pre-pubescent girls, 36% of the early pubescent girls and 76% of the post-pubescent girls were dissatisfied with their body shape. Social physique anxiety, determined by the SPAS scale, and preoccupation with weight, measured by the Eating Disorder Inventory were observed in all pubertal groups but were more evident in the early and post-pubescent groups. No significant difference existed among the maturation groups in mean caloric and nutrient intake. The results showed that antecedents for developing an eating disorder existed in all maturational groups studied, although no health risk behaviours regarding nutritional status were observed.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mother surrogate and nutritional status of preschool children.

The study was conducted on 200 preschool children to find out the effect of mother surrogate on the nutritional status. The nutritional status of children was found to be affected by the time devoted by mother on child care activities, working status of mother and type of family independently and jointly. The children cared by mother had better nutritional status than those children who were cared by servants and any other family member in the absence of mother. It shows that no one can substitute the care provided by the mother.

Child Care↗
PubMed2006

Derivation and validation of a new global method for assessing nutritional status in patients with cirrhosis.

Accurate assessments of nutritional status are difficult to obtain in patients with cirrhosis. The aim of this study was to devise and validate a global nutritional assessment scheme for use in this patient population. Measures of body mass index (BMI) and mid-arm muscle circumference (MAMC) were combined with details of dietary intake in a semistructured, algorithmic construct to provide a nutritional assessment scheme for use in patients with cirrhosis; evaluated individuals were classified as adequately nourished, moderately malnourished (or suspected to be), or severely malnourished. There was good interobserver agreement in the nutritional categorization of 50 patients with cirrhosis (34 men, 16 women) using this scheme (kappa = 0.79) and significant associations with the contributing objective variables--namely, BMI (Spearman's correlation r = -0.78; P < .001) and relative MAMC (r = -0.69; P < .001)--confirming its internal validity. There was a significant association between nutritional categorization in 20 patients with cirrhosis (10 men, 10 women) and estimates of total body protein obtained using a four-component model (r = -0.45; P = .046), confirming the external validity of the scheme. Finally, a significant association was found between poor nutritional status in 116 patients with cirrhosis (65 men, 51 women), followed for 14 to 52 months, and shorter subsequent survival (P = .0005), confirming the scheme's predictive validity. In conclusion, a global assessment scheme has been devised that provides a simple, reproducible, valid, and predictive method of assessing nutritional status in patients with cirrhosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Significance of the nutritional status of surgical patients].

In recent years nutritional status gained greater attention as a surgical risk factor. This study analyzes the frequency of malnutrition in surgical patients with solid and operable tumors, the relation to the type of tumor and stage of the disease. In addition, the clinical value of the measurements carried out is discussed. The analysis was performed in 100 cancer patients (34 gastric cancer, 56 colorectal cancer, and 10 breast cancer). The nutritional assessment included individual dietary habits, ideal weight/height, triceps skinfold, arm muscle circumference, creatinine-height index, serum protein, albumin, prealbumin, cholinesterase, transferrin, total peripheral lymphocytes, and skin tests. The results were compared with international standards or normal plasma concentrations respectively. Most patients suffered from an alternation of the nutritional parameters indicating malnutrition, mostly Kwashiorkor-Marasmus Mix. Patients with gastrointestinal cancer, especially gastric cancer showed more often a decline of the nutritional status than patients with breast cancer. Malnutrition became more severe with advanced disease. The parameters examined revealed varying significance with respect to the assessment of the nutritional status. Some measurements showed little clinical importance; the reasons are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Nutritional status of early age children in Kazakhstan].

An assessment of nutritional status children under 3-years old was given, which conducted within Kazakstan Dimography Health Survey, 1995. 717 children under 3 years old were examined, including Kazak--421, Russian--161 and other ethnicities--135. An assessment of nutritional status was conducted by the anthropometric indices: Height/Age, Weight/Height, Weight/Age. The most expressed degree of undernutrition was determined among rural children, Kazaks, and children living at the South and Center regions of republic. Demographic and background characteristics are the main determinants for nutritional status of children. Birth parity, birth interval, mother's educational level have influence for nutritional status of children.

Anthropometry↗