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PubMed2005

First report and characterization of adult Uncinaria spp. in New Zealand Sea Lion (Phocarctos hookeri) pups from the Auckland Islands, New Zealand.

Two species of hookworms (Uncinaria lucasi and Uncinaria hamiltoni) have been formally described from pinnipeds, but dissimilar types are noted from these hosts. This report is the first description of hookworms (Uncinaria spp.) from the New Zealand sea lion, Phocarctos hookeri. The nematodes were collected from dead pups on Enderby Island (Auckland Islands, 50 degrees 30', 166 degrees 17') during January and February, 2004. Standard measurements of male and female hookworms were obtained, providing a general morphometric characterization of the hookworm species in P. hookeri. Considerable variations in the body length of adult hookworms were noted within the same host. The arrangement of some of the bursal rays differs from that described for U. lucasi and U. hamiltoni.

Ancylostomatoidea↗
PubMed1987

The effect of economic constraints on the health care system in New Zealand.

The New Zealand government, in addition to budget restrictions, has introduced population-based hospital funding to contain hospital costs. Moreover, a health services reorganization to increase area-wide integration and coordination of services on a voluntary basis has been advocated. Diffusion and use of expensive medical technologies have been delayed or thwarted. Private hospitals have increased and provide an outlet for those who are able to escape prolonged waiting for treatment and the deteriorating accommodations in public hospitals.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1979

Rising cervical cancer mortality in young New Zealand women.

New Zealand age-standardised mortality rates for cervical cancer in women 20-34, 35-64 and 65 years and older show that mortality has been falling steadily for women 35 years and older ever since 1941, 14 years before cytology screening was introduced. Mortality has risen significantly since about 1959 in women 20-34 years old. These findings cast doubt on the value of screening. Possible causes of the increased mortality in young women include a cohort effect, increased promiscuity, and the effect of steroidal compounds on cervical epithelium.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Pasture-based dairying: challenges and rewards for New Zealand producers.

New Zealand dairying farm systems are principally pasture-based or seasonal supply. Features of these systems and their management are described, together with their advantages and limitations. The characteristics of reproductive management needed to attain satisfactory economic performance of these farm systems is discussed. The low-cost pasture-based seasonal system dictates that animals be bred over a very short period compared to many overseas countries and this is assisted in particular by the use of hormonal treatment for anoestrum. Oestrus synchrony is not widely used although uptake is increasing, particularly in large herds. The constraints imposed by the farming system represent a significant challenge to the application of embryo technologies as embryos must be recovered and transferred over the short period between calving and artificial insemination and farmers demand either a high pregnancy rate or a high value calf to compensate for the cost of the procedure and any delay in achieving a pregnancy.

Agriculture↗
PubMed2006

Identification of pectenotoxin-11 as 34S-hydroxypectenotoxin-2, a new pectenotoxin analogue in the toxic dinoflagellate Dinophysis acuta from New Zealand.

A new pectenotoxin, which has been named pectenotoxin-11 (PTX11), was isolated from the dinoflagellate Dinophysis acuta collected from the west coast of New Zealand. The structure of PTX11 was determined as 34S-hydroxypectenotoxin-2 by tandem mass spectrometry and UV and NMR spectroscopy. PTX11 appears to be only the third pectenotoxin identified as a natural biosynthetic product from algae after pectenotoxin-2 and pectenotoxin-12. The LD50 of PTX11 determined by mouse intraperitoneal injection was 244 microg/kg. The LD(min) of PTX11 in these experiments was 250 microg/kg. No signs of toxicity were recorded in mice following an oral dose of PTX11 at 5000 microg/kg. No diarrhea was observed in any of the animals administered with the test substance by either route of administration. Unlike pectenotoxin-2 (PTX2), PTX11 was not readily hydrolyzed to its corresponding seco acid by enzymes from homogenized green-lipped mussel (Perna canaliculus) hepatopancreas.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Birth places: a geographical perspective on planned home birth in New Zealand.

In New Zealand until the 1920s, most births occurred at home or in small maternity hospitals under the care of a midwife. Births subsequently came under the control of the medical profession and the prevalent medical ideology continues to support hospitalised birth in the interests of safety for mother and child. Despite resistance from the medical profession, recent (1990) legislation has reinstated the autonomy of midwives and this has come at a time when the demand for home births is increasing. This paper locates these changes within the geographical context of home as a primary place within human experience. It is argued that the medical profession has been an agent of an essentially patriarchal society in engendering particular experiences of time and place for women in labour. Narrative data indicate that the choice of home as a birth place is related to three dimensions of experience unavailable in a hospital context: control, continuity and the familiarity of home.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Cat allergen (Fel d 1) levels on school children's clothing and in primary school classrooms in Wellington, New Zealand.

BACKGROUND: New Zealand has a high prevalence of the major allergic diseases including asthma, rhinitis, and eczema, and cat ownership is common, with more than 50% of homes containing a cat. OBJECTIVE: The study was designed to examine the levels of cat allergen (Fel d 1) in the primary school environment, both on floors and on children's clothing. METHODS: We collected and analyzed dust samples from 11 school classrooms and from 202 children's garments using vacuum sampling and two-site monoclonal antibody ELISA, respectively. Environmental variables were identified by questionnaire. RESULTS: The geometric mean level of Fel d 1 in classrooms was 2.61 micro/gm (95% confidence interval, 1.28 to 3.84); however, seven classrooms had a floor sample with Fel d 1 greater than 8 microg/m2. Carpeted floor levels at 2.21 microg/gm (1.28 to 3.84) were considerably higher than those on uncarpeted floors, at 0.33 microg/gm (0.1 to 1.14). Floor levels and pupil cat ownership rates were positively correlated (r2 = 0.93, p = 0.0003). Children from homes with cats carried allergen on their clothes (mean Fel d 1, 6.10 microg per garment compared with non-cat owners (0.72 microg per garment). Wool and polyester garments contained more Fel d 1 than cotton clothing. Girls' clothing had significantly higher levels of allergen than did that of boys, even after controlling for cat status and fabric differences. CONCLUSIONS: Carpeting should be discouraged in environments such as schools and child care centers, where children spend considerable time. Transport of Fel d 1 on clothing from the domestic to the school environment is a major source of classroom cat allergen.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

A review of educational developments with Brånemark osseointegrated oral implants in Australia and New Zealand 1992-1994. Part II: Undergraduate, and postgraduate implant education in Australian and New Zealand dental schools.

A survey of Australian and New Zealand Dental Schools was carried out in 1993, aimed at assessing time allocation and curriculum content in relation to dental implants. Considerable variation was evident at both undergraduate and graduate levels. Continuing education courses in single-tooth implant surgery are available for general dental practitioners under carefully controlled circumstances. At the postgraduate level a formal University Diploma course in oral implants is now available at the University of Sydney. Dental educators must continue to react to the changing community scene in restorative dentistry, in terms of both need and demand. Educators must also be cognizant of the rapidity of change occurring in the area of implant dentistry. The provision of high-quality implant treatment and service is dependent on continual review of training and education at all levels of the dental profession.

Australia↗
PubMed1979

Immunoregulation in New Zealand mice. I. Failure of the transfer of syngeneic spleen or thymus cells to influence the natural disease in New Zealand mice.

Young, syngeneic thymocytes and spleen cells were administered to F1 hybrids of New Zealand Black by New Zealand White (NZB/W) mice beginning at 3 weeks of age and were continuted at 2-week intervals for 8 to 9 months. The development of autoimmunity as assessed by measuring the incidence and level of anti-DNA antibody, the degree of renal involvement, and the survival of recipient mice was evaluated and compared to a control group of animals. No significant differences were noted in these parameters in mice receiving cell transfers as compared to the control group. Therefore, in contrast to other reports, these results suggest that the transfer of young thymus or spleen cells into aging NZB/W mice fails to influence immunoregulation and the subsequent development of autoimmunity.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Brevetoxin B4 isolated from greenshell mussels Perna canaliculus, the major toxin involved in neurotoxic shellfish poisoning in New Zealand.

A new brevetoxin B analog, brevetoxin B4 (BTXB4), was isolated as the major toxin in greenshell mussels, Perna canaliculus, collected in New Zealand at the time of the neurotoxic shellfish poisoning incident. The new analog accounted for nearly two-thirds of the mouse lethality of the shellfish and was determined to be a mixture of N-myristoyl-BTXB2 and N-palmitoyl-BTXB2.

Animals↗