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At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

[Electrophoretic determination of lipoproteins in the blood of dogs after the administration of beta,beta'-dichlorodiethylsulfide].

The effect of a single administration of beta,beta'-dichlorodiethylsulphide at a dose of 35 mg per kg b. w. was studied, as exerted on the level of serum lipoproteins. The blood of experimental dogs showed a significant rise of alpha 3 lipoproteins, reaching its maximum 24 hours after the administration of the substance. During the studied period, the alpha-fraction lipoprotein gradually shifted to the beta-fraction terminating before the exitus.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Molecular basis for mustard-induced vesication.

A biochemical hypothesis explaining the generation of pathology in human skin by mustard gas (HD) is presented which links the initiation of DNA damages to local alterations of metabolism and subsequent development of blisters. The proposed sequence involves HD alkylation of purines in DNA which are processed to form apurinic sites. Apurinic endonucleases act at these sites to produce backbone breaks in DNA which cause activation of the chromosomal enzyme poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase. This enzyme utilizes NAD+ as a substrate and, at vesicating doses of HD, would deplete the cells of their NAD+ content. The depletion in NAD+ would cause inhibition of glycolysis, and the resulting accumulation of common intermediates would stimulate the NADP+-dependent hexosemonophosphate shunt (HMS). Such stimulation of the HMS has been associated with DNA damage and enhancement of protease synthesis and release. These proteases could be responsible for development of subepidermal blisters which result from fluid accumulation in the cavity created by separation of the moribund basal cell layer from the basement membrane--a characteristic feature of HD-exposed human skin. Partial validation of this biochemical hypothesis has been achieved. DNA alkylated with either monofunctional or bifunctional sulfur mustards, followed by spontaneous or enzymatic depurination, was shown to be sensitized to degradation by apurinic endonuclease. Studies on the effect of HD on human skin grafted to athymic nude mice demonstrated dose- and time-related decreases in NAD+ levels. These decreases in NAD+ levels preceded and correlated to the predicted severity of pathology. The participation of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase activity in the HD-induced NAD+ loss was substantiated by prevention of this loss in the presence of inhibitors of the enzyme. Additional supporting evidence for the proposed mechanism was obtained at the cellular level by studies which utilized human leukocytes. The subsequent involvement of the HMS and proteases in HD-induced vesication is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Cutaneous burns caused by Yperite. Apropos of 2 new cases].

Based on two of their own cases, the authors review the lesions produced by Yperite. This chemical agent produces cutaneous burns which are quite characteristic; histological study of biopsies carried out on cutaneous lesions was used to define the effects on the epidermis and dermis. The treatment of patients, with this rare condition, remains symptomatic.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Chemical warfare.

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Chemical Warfare Agents↗
PubMed1989

[Morpho-toxicologic findings following war gas effect (S-Lost)].

Mustard gas or Yperite, an old and formerly well known chemical warfare agent was recently used against human beings in the Middle east. Some of the victims were transferred to European University Hospitals for intensive treatment. They all showed vesication of the skin and also the typical symptoms of severe damage of the respiratory mucosa. The macroscopical and microscopical observations after war gas exposure and the detection of mustard gas in biological material are reported.

Eye↗
PubMed1985

[Early cancer and related changes in the bronchial epithelium of former mustard gas workers].

The bronchial epithelium taken in stepwise transverse sections was examined histologically in 66 autopsy cases, composed of groups consisting of 19 mustard gas (MG) ex-workers with lung cancer, 17 MG ex-workers with non-lung cancer, 10 non-MG lung cancer cases, and 20 non-MG non-lung cancer cases. An additional 5 surgical lung cancer specimens removed from MG ex-workers were also examined. From these groups, foci of moderate or severe atypia including cellular atypia, dysplasia and carcinoma in situ (CIS), detected in the total number of slides for each autopsy group, were counted as 146 out of 3,485, 72 out of 2,226, 70 out of 3,797, and 18 out of 4,611, respectively. Seven CIS lesions were detected from among all MG-exposed cases and 1 CIS lesion was found in a non-MG lung cancer case. Six of these occurred with dysplasia and 4 were associated with early invasion. Among 62 autopsy cases with known smoking histories, multivariate analysis revealed a significant correlation between the incidence rate of atypia and MG exposure only in non-lung cancer cases: the incidence rate of atypia was also influenced significantly by smoking and age. Among lung cancer cases, the incidence rate of atypia was significantly higher (p less than 0.01) in cases of squamous cell carcinoma than those of small cell carcinoma.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Identification of degradation products of 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry under both electron impact and methane chemical ionization conditions has been used to detect impurities and degradation products present in the mustard simulant 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide, with a detection limit of 0.05 area percent. After one and two years of storage at ambient temperatures, the primary degradation product was 1,4-dithiane formed from the degradation of dimeric sulfonium ions. Oxidation and hydrolysis products were not detected.

Chemical Phenomena↗