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Results for “Muscle Tonus”

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At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

[Asymmetric changes of the muscle tonus of the hindlimbs of rats subjected to administration of extracts from the left and right brain hemispheres].

Suboccipital administration to rats of the solutions of substances extracted from the left and right halves of the brain with 1 M hot acetic acid gives rise to humping, restricts animals' mobility and induces asymmetric changes in the muscle tone of the hind limbs. The hind limb may be extended back or aside at the same side where brain extraction was performed and may retain this position for 25-30 sec. Proteolysis of the extracts or preliminary administration of nalorphine to the animals abolished the occurrence of, while suboccipital administration of naloxon removed the extract-evoked changes in the muscle tone. After application of the extracts to the spinal cord of the hordotomized (Th5-Th7) rats the electrical activity rose at the same side where brain extraction was performed, primarily in the m. quadriceps. It is assumed that active factors extracted from the left and right halves of the brain are different; they are endogenous opioid peptides or else their effects on the activity of spinal motoneurons are mediated via the opiate systems.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Neuro-orthopedic and muscle tonus disorders in patients with spinal cord injuries].

Heterotropic ossifications and contractures are frequent during evolution of spinal cord injury. Heterotopic ossifications occur in the first months following the acute state. Hip is the most common localisation. No preventive or curative treatment is available. At an early stage, clinical or instrumental (sonographic) diagnosis may prevent functional consequences. Muscular disbalance, incomplete physiotherapy, tonus disorders lead to contractures of limbs or trunk. They may have severe consequences on activities of dairy living. Surgical procedures may be necessary. Tonus disorders may resist to usual drugs. In this cases, intrathecal infusion of baclofen, injection of botulinus toxin, neurosurgery of orthopedic surgery may be useful.

Contracture↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of dentatotomy on muscle tonus in infantile cerebral palsy].

The article deals with the results of the quantitative study of the muscular tonus in patients with infantile cerebral paralysis by the method of passive sinusoid movements of the arm at the elbow joint at various rates, with a period of T = Is to T = 200s and its assessment by the value of the mechanical resistance of the extremity in the region of high (T = I--4s) and low rates (T = 50s). The spectromechanomyographic method of examination revealed two components in the muscular tonus: an increase in the region of high rates, which were identify as the spastic component of the muscular tonus, and an increase in the region of low rates, which is identified with the rigid component of the muscular tonus. Operative destruction of the cerebellar dentate nuclei in patients with infantile cerebral paralysis naturally reduces this spastic component, but hardly changes the rigid component. One of the factors causing changes in the shape and amplitude of choreothetoid hyperkinesia in patients with infantile cerebral paralysis may evidently be the redistribution of the tonus in different muscular groups and changes in the correlations between its spastic and rigid components.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Phasic suppression of muscle tonus during sleep in the course of development (author's transl)].

A study of phasic suppressions of tonus in 172 sleep recordings of healthy subjects aged from 3 days to 25 years demonstrated that phasic suppressions of tonus may occur from 3 days of age, and that the time when they appear to related neither to the presence of E.E.G. transients nor to the imminence of the onset of paradoxical sleep. the number of sleep recordings showing phasic suppression is very low in youngest infants and increases after the 6th month. The number of phasic suppressions per 100 min. of slow sleep with tonus is fairly stable after 6 years of age, whereas there is an extreme inter-individual variability between 2 and 6 years. These data are interpreted in relation to maturation and development.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

[Disorders of muscle tonus and their treatment with sirdalud in patients in the early recovery period of ischemic stroke].

The paper presents the results of clinical and neurophysiologic study of muscular tonus in 94 patients aged 42-70 years in early recovery after ischemic stroke. Selective role of spasticity was estimated in clinical pattern of motor disorders in groups of the patients with different disorders of muscular tonus with the same degree of paresis. Efficiency of antispastic preparation sirdalud was analyzed in 28 patients from this group. Sirdalud in daily dose of 6-12 mg in patients with prevalence of a spasticity in a clinical picture of the paresis and with either moderate or manifested degree of paresis of the extremities has significant antispastic effect without any decrease of muscular strength, which, in turn, increases the degree of restoration of motor functions.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[The structural specificity of factors in the chemical regulation of muscle tonus at the spinal cord level].

The chemical factors of the postural asymmetry (FPA) were studied on the recipients without hemispheres. The structural specificity of the fore and hind limb spinal centers regulation in normal and damaged CNS was observed. In the normal CNS this structural specificity was displayed in the selective activation of the cross-situated hemicenters in the cervical and lumbal regions (for example in the left part of the cervical and in the right part of the lumbal region). In the case of the unilateral lesion of the central motor systems the normal pattern of chemical structural specificity was modified by activation of FPA selectively acting on the partly denervated regions of the spinal cord.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[The surgical treatment of muscle tonus disorders by the destruction of the input areas of the posterior spinal nerve roots].

Stereotactic cryodestruction of the subcortical ganglions for microdestruction of the inlets of the radices spinales was conducted in resistant to drug and surgical treatment patients with impaired muscular tension and spastic pain syndrome (infantile cerebral paralysis, dystonia musculorum deformans, postencephalitic spastic-hyperkinetic syndrome). A total of 8 patients aged 19-46 were treated. The destruction of the segments depended on the site of the tension impairment. In cervical, upper extremity, lumbar, lower extremity involvement the segments to be destroyed were, respectively: SV--SVII, SVIII, LII--LIII, LIV, LV and SI. The surgery aimed at breaking the centripetal nociceptive and myotactic tracts. The treatment reduced muscular hypertonicity and hyperkinesis, relieved spastic pain. The paper presents anatomic and neurophysiological grounds for the procedure application.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Asymmetric distribution of peptide regulators of muscle tonus and substance P in the spinal cord of rats with unilateral hyperactivity of the lumbar enlargement neurons].

The injection of tetanus toxin in m. gastrocnemius of the left or right hind limb of rats evokes ipsilateral hyperactivity of lumbar neurons in the spinal cord. In this case the lumbar enlargement extract after its intracisternal injection to healthy animals increases the duration of hind limb passive extension on the side where the donor neurons are hyperactive. The extract of the spinal cord of healthy rats was ineffective. Proteolysis of the extract with pronase or co-injection of opiate antagonist--naloxone--completely eliminated the lateralized changes in the muscular tone of the recipient. Substances that cause the unilateral changes in the muscular tone of the recipient are believed to be peptides. They are assumed to be involved in the functioning of endogenous opioid system. The level of substance P in the donor spinal cord was elevated bilaterally, but was higher in the hyperactive half of the spinal cord.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Comparative characteristics of masticatory muscle tonus in children with orthognathic and prognathic deep bites before and after orthodontic treatment].

In 99 orthognathic children 7 to 15 years and 83 age-matched children with deep prognathism the masticatory muscles stiffness was measured in a relatively resting state and maximal voluntary contraction. In children with anomalous occlusion the stiffness of relaxed muscles was increased as related to normal values, and their contractility was reduced. After the orthodontic treatment the indices of muscular tonus improved.

Adolescent↗