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Results for “Muscle Neoplasms”

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At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Are the new staging rules better for T4 oral cancer?

BACKGROUND: In order to find whether the changes in primary tumor definition influence the distribution of T (tumor extent) stages and prognoses, a retrospective study was undertaken. PATIENTS AND METHODS: There were 1,040 patients with adequate data for staging and 868 of those patients underwent surgical treatment. Among the surgically treated patients, 187 fulfilled the new (American Joint Committee on Cancer [AJCC]/International Union Against Cancer 1988) and 77 fulfilled the old (AJCC 1977) criteria for T4 tumors. The distribution of all patients, rate of patients initially treated with surgery, incidence of metastases, and survival were analyzed. RESULTS: The neck was clinically positive (N+) in 50% of T4 patients staged according to the new rules and 69% of patients staged according to the old rules. The 5-year overall survival rate for T4-staged patients irrespective of therapy was 29% using the new rules and 13% using the old rules. The 5-year disease-free survival rate for T4-operated patients was 60% using the new rules and 45% using the old rules. CONCLUSIONS: The previous AJCC rules for the T4 tumors were a better indicator of poor prognosis.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Bcl-2 expression in a primary leiomyosarcoma of the ovary: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Primary ovarian leiomyosarcoma is an extremely rare malignant smooth-muscle neoplasm with fewer than 30 documented cases worldwide. Immunohistochemically, ovarian leiomyosarcomas are characterized by the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA). Until recently, no report investigated the role of bcl-2 expression in primary ovarian leiomyosarcoma. We report the management and an immunohistochemical analysis of bcl-2 in a patient with primary leiomyosarcoma of the ovary. CASE REPORT: The patient, a 71-year-old woman, presented with a history of lower abdominal pain and a palpable mass in the lower abdomen. Surgical exploration revealed a large left adnexal mass that had developed from the left ovary and infiltrated one part of the omentum adherent to the left adnexa. Microscopically the left adnexal tumor consisted of spindle cells arranged in smooth-muscle bundles and fascicles. The tumor was characterized by high cellularity and nuclear polymorphism, as well as patchy necrosis and large areas of hemorrhage. Mitotic activity exceeded 5 mitoses per 10 high-power fields with many atypical mitoses. The tumor appeared encapsulated, and the capsule was partially disrupted by tumor cells. Immunohistochemically, the tumor showed a strong staining reaction for muscle actin, alpha-SMA and neuron-specific enolase, and also a weak reaction for vimentin. Strong staining of bcl-2 was detected, with more than 80% of sarcoma cells positive. According to the FIGO staging system for ovarian cancer, the tumor was classified as a primary ovarian leiomyosarcoma stage III C, and the patient was treated with an adjuvant chemotherapy regimen consisting of cisplatin and ifosfamide. Two days after the third cycle of cisplatin/ifosfamid she developed an apoplexy spontaneously and chemotherapy was therefore discontinued. The patient remained without evidence of disease until she died as a result of intercurrent pneumonia 14 months after initial surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Beside the routine histological and immunohistochemical characteristics of primary ovarian leiomyosarcoma, strong staining for bcl-2 was detected. In order to understand more about the nature and the behaviour of this highly malignant neoplasm and to be able to improve the treatment, the prognostic value of bcl-2 has to be investigated in additional studies.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

A leiomyoma of the iris documented by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy.

PURPOSE: To report an iris leiomyoma documented in accordance with today's stricter diagnostic criteria. METHODS: Light microscopy, immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy were performed on the 3 mm ball-like, greyish-white vascularized tumour of the iris, close to the sphincter pupillae. RESULTS: Light microscopy of the extirpated neoplasm showed the characteristic appearance of a leiomyoma with densely packed spindle-shaped cells, with oval nuclei and granular cytoplasm. On electron microscopic examination the tumour exhibited the characteristic features of a smooth muscle neoplasm. The immunohistochemistry was consistent with a myogenic tumour because the tumour cells were positive for smooth muscle actin and desmin, but negative for S-100 and melanin. CONCLUSION: The case illustrated the necessity of performing ancillary procedures such as electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry to substantiate a correct, although rare diagnosis.

Actins↗
PubMed1978

The myofibroblastic nature of the uterine plexiform tumor.

Electron microscopic study of rare, benign, plexiform tumor of the uterus showed that of its component cells exhibit characteristics of both smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts, which allows for their identification as myofibroblasts. Although such cells have been more frequently associated with reactive processes, their presence in some malignant soft tissue tumors, viz, fibrosarcoma and malignant fibrous histiocytoma, has been noted by others. Analysis of recorded accounts, as well as our own limited personal experience with the ultrastructural characteristics of smooth muscle neoplasms and those putatively regarded as being of such origin, indicates that many of these may contain a relatively large complement of myofibroblasts. The spectrum of myofibroblastic differentiation of smooth muscle cells and/or fibroblasts may account for the varied interpretations that concern the derivation of some of these neoplasms, particularly hemangiopericytoma.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mesectodermal leiomyoma of the ciliary body: new evidence for neural crest origin.

An 8-year-old white boy had a mass of the ciliary body in his left eye. Both the translucent characteristics and the magnetic resonance imaging findings suggested that this lesion was cystic. Fluid aspiration biopsy and iridocyclectomy were performed. By light microscopy the neoplasm showed the characteristic appearance of a neuroid tumor; however, on electron microscopic examination, the tumor exhibited characteristic features of a smooth muscle neoplasm and was diagnosed as a mesectodermal leiomyoma. Observation of melanin granules in scattered tumor cells further confirmed that the tumor had the same origin as uveal melanocytes, which also derive from the neural crest.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ultrastructure of gastric myxofibroma with intracytoplasmic collagen.

Electron microscopy of a small mass removed from the stomach of a 65-year-old women demonstrated a myxofibroma composed of a pure population of fibroblasts, many of which contained intracytoplasmic, membrane-bound collagen fibers similar to those found in a few other human tumors and in certain experimental conditions. This ultrastructural documentation supports the hypothesis that pure fibrous neoplasms of the stomach do occur. Electron microscopy of gastric mesenchymal tumors almost always allows for confident differentiation among fibrous, neural, and smooth muscle neoplasms.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Clear-cell epithelioid leiomyoma of the round ligament.

A case of clear-cell epithelioid leiomyoma of the round ligament in a 69-year-old woman is described. The neoplasm presented as a firm left inguinal mass. A preoperative computed tomography (CT) scan demonstrated an enhancing lesion extending extra-abdominally from the region of the external inguinal ring. The surgical resection specimen was tan-white, well-circumscribed, and measured 5.8 cm in maximum dimension. Microscopic examination revealed a well-demarcated neoplasm comprised of polygonal cells with abundant clear cytoplasm arranged in clusters and single files with abundant intervening hyalinized stroma. There was minimal nuclear atypia and mitotic figures were rare. Periodic acid-Schiff with diastase demonstrated intracytoplasmic glycogen. Immunohistochemical stains for pan-actin, smooth muscle actin, desmin, bcl-2, and vimentin were positive in the tumor cells, whereas stains for CD34, carcinoembryonic antigen, cytokeratin, epithelial membrane antigen, S100 protein, and neurofilaments were negative. Electron microscopy demonstrated features of smooth muscle differentiation including longitudinally oriented fine filaments with focal condensations, pinocytotic activity, and subplasmalemmal densities. This case illustrates the ubiquitous distribution of epithelioid smooth muscle neoplasms and highlights the potential pitfalls for diagnosis when they occur in an unusual location.

Actins↗
PubMed2006

Skeletal muscle: an unusual site of distant metastasis in gastric carcinoma.

UNLABELLED: Gastric cancer metastatic to skeletal muscle is an unusual entity. Surgery, systemic chemotherapy, or radiotherapy to the metastatic mass can be treatment options for achiving palliation. CASE REPORT: A patient with multiple skeletal muscle metastases that occurred during follow-up after gastrectomy and adjuvant chemo-radiotherapy is reported. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated soft-tissue masses involving the posterior right paralumbar and posterior left paradorsal muscles. Biopsy showed metastatic infiltrating adenocarcinoma. The patient did not respond to palliative chemotherapy. Palliative radiotherapy was administered to the painful mass. Based on this case, the diagnosis of muscle metastases and treatment options for palliation are discussed.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2004

Skeletal muscle metastasis from uterine leiomyosarcoma.

A case of a 68-year-old woman who presented with a rapidly enlarging painful right thigh mass is presented. She had a known diagnosis of uterine leiomyosarcoma following a hysterectomy for dysfunctional uterine bleeding. She subsequently developed a single hepatic metastatic deposit that responded well to radiofrequency ablation. Whole-body MRI and MRA revealed a vascular mass in the sartorius muscle and a smaller adjacent mass in the gracilis muscle, proven to represent metastatic leiomyosarcoma of uterine origin. To our knowledge, metastatic uterine leiomyosarcoma to the skeletal muscle has not been described previously in the English medical literature.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

Intramuscular metastasis from gastric cancer.

Skeletal muscle is an uncommon site of hematogenous metastasis of gastric carcinoma. We report here a rare case of gastric carcinoma with multiple intramuscular metastases. Our patient had advanced gastric carcinoma and complained of left gluteal induration with tenderness. Because magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed that the gluteal tumor showed iso-signal intensity on T1-weighted images and high signal intensity on T2-weighted images, with reticulated texture around the tumor, and the patient had advanced gastric carcinoma, we speculated that the tumor was an intramuscular metastatic tumor from primary gastric carcinoma. There were also multiple intramuscular metastatic lesions in both gluteal muscles on the MRI findings that were not detected by physical examination. Therefore, the patient underwent total gastrectomy with combined resection of spleen, with subsequent chemotherapy. Three months after the operation, we excised the gluteal tumor to alleviate the gluteal pain. Histological examinations confirmed that the gluteal tumor was a metastasis from primary gastric carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2003

Intramuscular metastasis of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: a case report.

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a common cancer. Although most patients with primary cutaneous SCC have an excellent prognosis, for those with metastatic disease, the long-term prognosis is poor. The most common sites of metastasis are regional lymph nodes, lung, liver, brain, skin, and bone. However, metastatic soft tissue SCC from cutaneous lesions is extremely rare, with only two reported cases. We report a case in which the patient had a primary SCC lesion on his left palm in 1986. A second primary SCC on his left forearm was confirmed in 2001, with subsequent metastasis to the proximal muscles and bone invasion in spite of the initial wide excision.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed2002

h-Caldesmon as a specific marker of smooth muscle cell differentiation in some soft tissue tumors of the skin.

BACKGROUND: An existing problem in contemporary pathology is the classification and distinction of spindle cell soft tissue tumors of the skin. Markers such as alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and desmin, considered specific for smooth muscle cell (SMC), have been shown to be expressed in a variety of fibroblastic and myofibroblastic processes. High-molecular-weight caldesmon (h-caldesmon), one of two isoforms, is reported to be expressed exclusively by SMC and has recently been shown to be a specific marker of SMC tumors. METHODS: Tumors were obtained from 11 patients taken from the surgical pathology archives of the University of South Florida and cases were coded as smooth muscle hamartoma, myofibroma, and dermatomyofibroma. RESULTS: The case of smooth muscle hamartoma had greater than 90% of tumor cells labeling with anti-h-caldesmon antibodies. Three of three cases of myofibroma had focal areas of positivity representing less than 10% of total tumor cells. Seven of seven dermatomyofibromas showed no apparent labeling with anti-h-caldesmon antibody. Dense reactivity was noted in vascular wall smooth muscle, indicating internal controls. CONCLUSIONS: We can conclude that h-caldesmon is a specific marker of fully differentiated smooth muscle and that it can serve to differentiate spindled SMC soft tissue tumors of the skin from tumors of myofibroblastic and/or fibroblastic origin.

Adult↗