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At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Malignant tumor in the mummy of Ferrante Ist of Aragon, King of Naples (1431-1494).

Ferdinand Ist of Aragon was king of Naples and an important figure in the Italian Renaissance. He died in 1494 at the age of 63 and his preserved mummy was recently exhumed in the Basilica of S. Domenico Maggiore in Naples. During the autopsy part of a hollow organ came to light which was labelled probable rectum. After re-hydration and cutting, the specimen appeared a dark brown colour with numerous whitish areas of varying diameter (0.5-3mm). Immuno histological studies together with electron microscope analysis clearly demonstrate that.

Famous Persons↗
PubMed1992

[Paleodemography in mummies of prehispanic populations from Africa].

Mummies' demographic information of 10 prehispanic cultures that developed in the Arica region of Chile about 7000 years ago is analyzed and related to the present population structure. A paleoepidemiological analysis supports a relationship between cultural development and demographic structure. In chronological sequence, 4 demographic patterns can be distinguished: 1) archaic, a mature population with the highest life expectancy and the lowest dependence from prehispanic populations; 2) later archaic, a population in demographic explosion with its larger fraction under 15 years of age, elevated fertility rates and the greatest prehispanic dependence; 3) andean, a transition population with moderate fertility rates and dependence index; and 4) modern, an aging population with the highest proportion over 45 years of age and the highest life expectancy. The present demographic analysis may help to understand the relationships among disease, individual and culture from the perspective of genetic epidemiology.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

[DNA analysis of a 500 year mummy sample].

OBJECTIVE: To accumulate experience for dated forensic matter analysis, for example, Mummy. METHODS: DNA are extracted by methods of phenol-chloroform and are purified by Wizard DNA clean-up system. The STRs locus are ampolification with Promega Powerplus 16 system. The mtDNA hypervariable region 1 (HV1) is amplificated by '3 pair primers'. The products were sequenced with 377 DNA sequencer. RESULTS: The STRs locus very distinctness and mtDNA sequence is correct. CONCLUSION: It is a valuable method for special forensic matters.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed2004

[FTIR of adipose tissue of Ming dynasty mummy].

The Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) of adipose tissue of Ming dynasty GUCONGLI mummy were investigated by chloroform-methanol extraction and two ways of infrared sample preparation. The results show that the triglycide in the adipose tissue was hydrolyzed into free fatty acids, and both the octdecenic acid and saturated fatty acids existed.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed2006

Short report: cysticercosis in an Egyptian mummy of the late Ptolemaic period.

We describe here an ancient case of cysticercosis that was discovered in an Egyptian mummy of a young woman of about 20 years of age who lived in the late Ptolemaic period (second to first centuries b.c.). On removal of the stomach and its rehydration, a cystic lesion in the stomach wall was observed by naked eye. Microscopical examination of sections of this lesion revealed a cystic structure, with a wall, with numerous projecting eversions, a characteristic feature of the larval stage (cysticercus) of the human tapeworm Taenia solium (or "pig tapeworm"). Immunohistochemical testing with serum from a T. solium-infected human confirmed the identity of the cyst. This finding is the oldest on record of the antiquity of this zoonotic parasite. This observation also confirms that, in Hellenistic Egypt, the farming of swine, along with man an intermediate host of this parasite, was present, and supports other archeological evidence.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Three Copt mummies of Antinoe in Lyon].

Three mummies--one of a woman and two of a woman and a child--are nowadays presented in the Museum of Anatomy Testut-Latarjet in Lyon. They have been brought in 1901 from Egypt to the Museum Guimet of Lyon and after a few years, they have been given to Professor Testut and studied by Louis Paul Fisher and Frederique Cantero in a thesis of medicine of Lyon (1991). They have been examined by x-rays non-invasive scanning by Professor Michel Bochut. Finally Professor Jean-Claude Goyon, chairman in the "Maison de l'Orient", proposed to date them from the end of the 5th or the beginning of the 6th century, after the designs and the ornaments of the clothes.

Egypt↗
PubMed1977

Autopsy of an Egyptian mummy (Nakht--ROM I).

Autopsy of a 3200-year-old Egyptian mummy by an international multidisciplinary team yielded much information about diseases of the ancient past. Major contributions were made by the disciplines of anatomy, dentistry, genetics, hematology, histology, microbiology, nuclear medicine, occupational medicine, orthopedic surgery, otolaryngology, pathology, pediatrics, plastic surgery, radiology and virology. Scientists from Toronto, Detroit, Philadelphia and Cardiff participated in the investigation. The following were the main findings of medical interest: skeleton, infection or malnutrition as suggested by Harris's lines in distal femoral metaphyses; muscle (intercostal), cyst of Trichinella spiralis; lungs, deposits of anthracotic pigment and granite particles; spleen, enlargement with evidence of possible rupture; liver, early cirrhosis and calcified ova of Schistosoma sp.; kidney, calcified ova of Schistosoma sp.; and large and small intestines, calcified ova of Schistosoma and Taenia spp. This autopsy demonstrated the value of well coordinated efforts by specialists in various medical disciplines. Such efforts are essential when such a rare scientific endeavour is to yield a maximum of useful and reliable information.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Innovations in computerized tomography: software routines and their relevance for mummy research and anthropology].

The application of computed tomography (CT) has been proved to be useful not only in present-day medicine, but also in non-clinical disciplines, as it is mummy research and physical anthropology. Concerning these fields CT-high-tech-innovations as three-dimensional surface reconstruction, dual energy/bone mineral-density--and metal artefact correction-programs are introduced and partly exemplified by investigation of human remains from ancient Egypt. The results point out that specific problems can be cleared up, which otherwise could be solved by means of destructive methods only. It is expected that future development of the mentioned CT-software helps to broaden its applicability.

Anthropology, Physical↗
PubMed1976

A possible case of subcorneal pustular dermatosis in an Egyptian mummy.

Examination of the mummy of an Egyptian who died in 892 BC +/- 53 years showed the skin to be well preserved, with inguinal subcorneal vesicles of the type seen in subcorneal pustular dermatosis. This condition apparently antedates by almost three millenia its description as a clinicopathological entity by Sneddon and Wilkinson in 1956.

Egypt, Ancient↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The radiographic investigation of two Egyptian mummies.

Radiography is a well-recognized method of nondestructive analysis of art objects and ancient relics. The methods and techniques used in the examination of two ancient Egyptian mummies are presented here. Additionally, the use of radiographic findings to help substantiate alleged historical information and to establish sex, age, and pathology of each specimen is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Comely Wenuhotep: computed tomography of an Egyptian mummy.

Computed tomography circumvents many of the problems encountered in the traditional radiographic investigation of mummies. This case report demonstrates that CT provides an improved evaluation of mummification techniques and bony pathology as well as a better capability of characterizing preserved soft tissue.

Egypt, Ancient↗
PubMed1984

[Head hunting and hair witchcraft (Mummies 2)].

In this second essay on mummies and embalment, 1 of the most primitive, but nevertheless very interesting examples of artificial mummification is described: the Tsantsas or shrunken heads of the Jíbaro Indians of the basin of the High Amazon River. While the other head hunters dried, smoked or otherwise mummified the whole head of their victims, the Jíbaros shrink the tsantsa to the size of a human first, maintaining the original features as much as possible. The technique of this laborious process is discussed, as well as the ideological backgrounds of head hunting and skull worship which induced primitive men to practice such cruel customs. Another very important factor in this complicated ideological framework, is the concept of the existence of a material soul, seated in the head and especially in the hair. Therefore, the use of hair witchcraft all over the world must be mentioned too, as it implicates the "spiritual value" of the tsantsas, according to the quantity and beauty of their hair. Maybe, the relationship between the size of the head and the length of its hair, was the reason why the Jíbaros reduced the former to increase the latter. However, we can only admire these masterworks of the Indians whose motives for head hunting were not bloodthirst or cruelty, but deep spiritual concepts, as they are typical for primitive religions.

Anthropology, Cultural↗
PubMed1994

3-D reconstruction of an ancient Egyptian mummy using X-ray computer tomography.

Computer tomography has been used to image and reconstruct in 3-D an Egyptian mummy from the collection of the British Museum. This study of Tjentmutengebtiu, a priestess from the 22nd dynasty (945-715 BC) revealed invaluable information of a scientific, Egyptological and palaeopathological nature without mutilation and destruction of the painted cartonnage case or linen wrappings. Precise details on the removal of the brain through the nasal cavity and the viscera from the abdominal cavity were obtained. The nature and composition of the false eyes were investigated. The detailed analysis of the teeth provided a much closer approximation of age at death. The identification of materials used for the various amulets including that of the figures placed in the viscera was graphically demonstrated using this technique.

Humans↗
PubMed2006

Mummy encodes an UDP-N-acetylglucosamine-dipohosphorylase and is required during Drosophila dorsal closure and nervous system development.

Throughout development cell-cell interactions are of pivotal importance. Cells bind to each other or share information via secreted signaling molecules. To a large degree, these processes are modulated by post-translational modifications of membrane proteins. Glycan-chains are frequently added to membrane proteins and assist their exact function at the cell surface. In addition, the glycosylation pathway is required to generate GPI-linkage in the endoplasmatic reticulum. Here, we describe the analysis of the cabrio/mummy gene, which encodes an UDP-N-acetylglucosamine diphosphorylase. This is a well-conserved and central enzyme in the glycosylation pathway. As expected from this central role in glycosylation, cabrio/mummy mutants show many phenotypic traits ranging from CNS fasciculation defects to defects in dorsal closure and eye development. These phenotypes correlate well with specific glycosylation and GPI-anchorage defects in mummy mutants.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Microbeam synchrotron imaging of hairs from ancient Egyptian mummies.

Developments in microfocus synchrotron techniques have led to new results regarding the long-term alteration of archaeological samples of biological origin. Here, ancient hair samples from two Egyptian mummies have been analyzed using a conjunction of structural and elemental synchrotron methods. In this favored context of conservation, structural analysis revealed a remarkable preservation of keratin supramolecular organization at any observed length scale. Bulk keratin structure has therefore not been modified significantly over 2000 years. However, infrared spectroscopy indicated a partial disorganization of keratins close to the hair surface through polypeptide bond breakage. Elemental mapping showed a strongly heterogeneous distribution which can be related to mummification and cosmetic treatments.

Archaeology↗
PubMed2006

Hormonal regulation of mummy is needed for apical extracellular matrix formation and epithelial morphogenesis in Drosophila.

Many epithelia produce apical extracellular matrices (aECM) that are crucial for organ morphogenesis or physiology. Apical ECM formation relies on coordinated synthesis and modification of constituting components, to enable their subcellular targeting and extracellular assembly into functional matrices. The exoskeleton of Drosophila, the cuticle, is a stratified aECM containing ordered chitin polysaccharide lamellae and proteinaceous layers, and is suited for studies of molecular functions needed for aECM assembly. Here, we show that Drosophila mummy (mmy) mutants display defects in epithelial organisation in conjunction with aberrant deposition of the cuticle and an apical matrix needed for tracheal tubulogenesis. We find that mmy encodes the UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase, which catalyses the production of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, an obligate substrate for chitin synthases as well as for protein glycosylation and GPI-anchor formation. Consequently, in mmy mutants GlcNAc-groups including chitin are severely reduced and modification and subcellular localisation of proteins designated for extracellular space is defective. Moreover, mmy expression is selectively upregulated in epithelia at the time they actively deposit aECM, and is altered by the moulting hormone 20-Hydroxyecdysone, suggesting that mmy is part of a developmental genetic programme to promote aECM formation.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2005

How does the relative wall thickness of human femora follow the biomechanical optima? An experimental study on mummies.

We studied how the ratio (K) of the internal:external diameter of human femora follows the biomechanical optima derived earlier by other researchers for marrow-filled tubular bones with circular cross section and minimum mass designed to withstand yield and fatigue, or stiffness, or bending fracture, or impact strengths. With evaluation of radiographs of 107 femora from 57 human mummies the values of K were measured. We found that K(posterior)=0.498+/-0.085 for the posterior radiographic view, and K(medial)=0.589+/-0.070 for the medial view with K(min)=0.345 and K(max)=0.783. The theoretical optima for K depend on the ratio (Q) of the marrow:bone density. Accepting the assumption of earlier authors that Q=0.50, our data show that human femora are optimised to withstand bending fracture, or yield and fatigue strengths. There were no sex-, age- and length-specific differences in K, and the means of K of the right and left femora of individuals were statistically not significantly different. The biomechanical optimization for K of human femora is not finely tuned. Compared with fox femora, K of human femora follows the biomechanical optimum to a much lesser extent. Although the relative wall thickness W=1-K of human femora are optimised, the very low relative mass increment due to deviation of K from the optimum and the considerable intraspecific variance of K make it probable that an accurate optimization of the relative wall thickness is irrelevant in humans.

Adolescent↗