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At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Computers in endoscopy.

Computers have taken over the endoscopy unit, as they have the rest of society. In 1980, most endoscopy units had no computers at all. Today, however, the average hospital endoscopy unit in the United States is equipped with many computers. Computers have revolutionized performance and teaching techniques of endoscopy. Changes in communication of findings and management of the endoscopy unit that are occurring are attributed to the use of computers. This article discusses videoendoscopy, advances in electronic technology, and the impact of the digital image.

Communication↗
PubMed1999

Penicillin resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates in Harare, Zimbabwe.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates to penicillin and other antimicrobial drugs. DESIGN: This was a laboratory based study. SETTING: Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Zimbabwe and the Bacteriology Unit, Public Health Laboratories, Harare. SUBJECTS: 71 S. pneumoniae isolates from Parirenyatwa and Harare hospitals. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Penicillin resistance, MIC of penicillin to S. pneumoniae, multi-drug resistance. RESULTS: 71 S. pneumoniae isolates were tested for their susceptibilities to penicillin G, erythromycin, tetracycline, ampicillin, ciprofloxacin and clindamycin. Five (7%) of the isolates were resistant to penicillin G and were also all resistant to erythromycin. Isolates resistant to other antibiotics were; tetracycline (4), ampicillin (3) and ciprofloxacin (2). The five isolates that were resistant to penicillin G showed resistance to two or more antibiotics. Four S. pneumoniae isolates were designated highly resistant to penicillin (MIC > or = 2 micrograms/ml) and one isolate was designated intermediate in resistance to penicillin (MIC between 0.1 and 1.0 microgram/ml). CONCLUSIONS: A low percentage of S. pneumoniae isolates were resistant to penicillin and were also resistant to erythromycin. The penicillin resistant strains showed multi-drug resistance.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2000

Clinical risk--minimising harm in practical procedures and use of equipment.

The article discusses some of the clinical negligence problems and risk management issues arising from training of health professionals (predominantly junior hospital doctors) in practical procedures. There continue to be incidents, claims and complaints in the NHS arising from the clinical practice of doctors or other health professionals who are not perceived to be competent in some of the practical skills they are undertaking. This article addresses some aspects of this training, where it should best be started and who should have responsibility for ensuring that doctors, in particular, continue to work under appropriate supervision. Also acknowledges the current problems facing NHS trusts in trying to ensure that risk management standards are met for training health professionals in the use of medical equipment--a task that has not previously needed to be documented or accounted for on a formal basis. There are considerable resource implications attached to the introduction of systems that can assess and monitor the training provided in the use of medical equipment but the introduction of a baseline assessment is an essential part of sound clinical governance and risk management. It is suggested that risk management exercises of this nature are worthwhile in reducing the potential for harm to patients.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed2002

Adverse events associated with pyrazinamide and levofloxacin in the treatment of latent multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.

BACKGROUND: The current Canadian and US guidelines for the treatment of multidrug-resistant latent tuberculosis infection advocate the use of pyrazinamide and a fluoroquinolone as a first-line treatment option. However, there is very little information in the literature that describes the use of these agents together. This case series describes the probable association between multiple adverse events and the use of pyrazinamide and levofloxacin in the treatment of individuals with suspected latent multidrug-resistant tuberculosis infection. METHODS: We studied a case series of 17 individuals with suspected latent multidrug-resistant tuberculosis infection in Hamilton, Ont., who were being treated with pyrazinamide and levofloxacin. The Naranjo scale was used to assess patients for musculoskeletal, central nervous system, gastrointestinal and dermatological adverse events. Hepatocellular events were assessed and defined using criteria established by the Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences. Laboratory abnormalities and adverse events that were documented during combination drug therapy were evaluated to determine the likelihood of an association. RESULTS: Fourteen individuals developed musculoskeletal adverse effects (11 were deemed to be probably related to combination therapy). There were 8 reports of central nervous system effects (5 of which were assessed as being probably associated with therapy). Hyperuricemia and gastrointestinal and dermatological effects were also common; the use of pyrazinamide and levofloxacin was believed to be probably responsible for the emergence of these adverse effects. There were 5 cases of hepatocellular injury. Therapy was discontinued in all individuals. INTERPRETATION: The combination of pyrazinamide and levofloxacin appears to be a poorly tolerated regimen. The mechanism of a possible interaction is not yet understood. Given the severity of some of the adverse events, a better understanding of dosing and clearer guidelines for monitoring therapy are imperative if these drugs are to be prescribed together.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Unlisted codes.

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Current Procedural Terminology↗
PubMed2003

[Laboratory examinations performed in rural practice].

Graduates from Jichi Medical School are obligated to work at rural clinics or hospitals, where most of them are the only medical doctor in the house. To understand how these graduates actually use laboratory examinations, what examinations they found most important in their practice, and when they were confident of their laboratory techniques, we designed a questionnaire to address these questions. Many respondents reported that their institutions had electrocardiographs, abdominal and/or cardiac ultrasonographs, urinalysis test paper, and portable blood glucose meters, and more than half of them reported having used these instruments without assistance in emergency situations. Moreover, a majority of the respondents said that they considered it important that a physician is able to use these instruments without the help of other staff members. Proficiency in many laboratory techniques was obtained and physicians were confident during their first postgraduate clinical practice. These responses clearly show the importance and usefulness of covering examination techniques and the principles of laboratory medicine in medical education and the first postgraduate clinical practice.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed2003

Cytotechnologist.

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Cell Biology↗