Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Mass Behavior”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Effective emergency management: reconsidering the bureaucratic approach.

The command and control approach is compared with the Emergent Human Resources Model (EHRM) approach to emergency management. Four decades of systematic research shows that a rigid, bureaucratic command and control approach to emergency management generally leads to an ineffective emergency response. Previous studies and our own research suggest that flexible, malleable, loosely coupled, organizational configurations can create a more effective disaster response.

Civil Defense↗
PubMed2007

The hooligan's mind.

Football hooliganism is a world phenomenon and an everyday matter. Society spends a lot of money to prevent and control it. We need to know what hooligans think in order to anticipate their actions and prevent their violent behaviors. In this paper, I propose a theory of the hooligan's conscious mind, by analyzing the thinking of a real Italian hooligan who was my patient. I will show that violent behaviors of hooligans are not unconscious, because the mental states (both beliefs and goals) of hooligans are explicitly represented in their mind. In contrast, I will suggest that both supporting and fighting are planned (i.e., goal directed), because "recognized supremacy" is explicitly represented as the ultimate goal. In fact, hooligans support and fight in order to be recognized as good hooligans, i.e. as good supporters as well as good fighters.

Competitive Behavior↗
PubMed1999

[Migration behavior of low-mass anions in capillary electrophoresis].

The dependence of effective mobility on ionic equivalent conductivity for 33 anions was studied using 5 mmol/L sodium chromate and 0.5 mmol/L tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TTAB) as background electrolyte. The relationship was developed between effective mobility mueff and carbon number of mono-carboxylic acid and dicarboxylic acid homologues. The results showed that the effective mobility of anions increased with increasing ionic equivalent conductivity. The 1/mueff was linearly related to the carbon number of mono-carboxylic acid (C2-C7) and dicarboxylic acid(C2-C10). The correlation coefficient was more than 0.997.

Anions↗
PubMed2000

Weight-control behaviors among adults and adolescents: associations with dietary intake.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of weight-control behaviors and their associations with overall dietary intake among adults and adolescents. METHODS: Participants included 3,832 adults and 459 adolescents from four regions of the United States. Cross-sectional data were collected on energy and nutrient intake, weight-control behaviors, body mass index (BMI), and sociodemographics. RESULTS: Current weight-control behaviors were reported by 52.7% of the study population (adult women, 56.7%; adult men, 50.3%; adolescent girls, 44.0%; adolescent boys, 36.8%). Weight-control behaviors were consistently and positively associated with socioeconomic status among adults, but not among adolescents. Among "dieters," unhealthy practices were reported by 22.7% of adult women, 21.3% of adult men, 30.4% of adolescent girls, and 18.5% of adolescent boys. Adults trying to control their weight reported healthier nutrient intakes than those not trying to control their weight, in particular when moderate weight-control methods were employed. Among adolescents, there were fewer differences across dieting status and these were not suggestive of healthier intakes among dieters than nondieters. CONCLUSIONS: Weight-control behaviors are reported by a large percentage of the population. Weight-control behaviors tend to be healthier among adults than among adolescents, in terms of the types of behaviors used and their impact on nutrient intakes. Obesity prevention interventions should emphasize the importance of using healthy weight-control practices.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Regioselective synthesis and electron impact mass spectral fragmentation differentiation of 2- or 3-isopropylthio, phenylthiosuccinic acid 4-methyl/isopropyl ethers.

2- and 3-isopropylthio/phenylthiosuccinic acid 4-methyl/isopropyl esters were synthesized regioselectively by Michael additions of isopropylthiol/thiophenol to maleic anhydride, followed by alcoholysis with methanol/isopropanol. Their mass spectrometric behavior has been studied with the aid of mass-analyzed ion kinetic energy spectrometry and accurate mass measurements under electron impact ionization. All compounds show a tendency to eliminate an alkoxy group, an alcohol, or an alkoxycarbonyl group from the respective molecular ion. Some molecular ions also show a tendency to eliminate a molecule of water, propene or CO(2). The [M - MeCH = CH(2)](+) ions could further lose H(2)O to form substituted succinic anhydride ions, or lose CO(2) to form 3-substituted propionic acid ions. Both of these ions could further yield other small fragment ions by loss of CO(2)H, CO or other small fragments. It has been found that 2-isopropylthio- and 3-phenylthiosuccinic acid 4-esters show more abundant [M - H(2)O](+) peaks than their 3-isopropylthio and 2-phenylthio isomers in their mass spectra.

Carboxypeptidases↗
PubMed2004

The role of beverage consumption, physical activity, sedentary behavior, and demographics on body mass index of adolescents.

The percentage of US adolescents who are overweight or at-risk of overweight has increased over the past 20 years. Using data from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1988-1994, multivariate regression models of body mass index (BMI) for adolescent males and females aged 12-16 years were developed to examine the relative importance of demographics, beverage consumption, physical activity, and sedentary behavior for maintaining a healthy body weight. The models explained between 11% and 19% of the variance in BMI. Demographic characteristics accounted for roughly one-half of the explained variance in the models. Age was positively associated with BMI for males and females. Family income had a negative association with BMI for females, but no association with BMI for males. The variables for race/ethnicity and region were only occasionally statistically significant. A strong negative association was found between BMI and participation in team sports or exercise programs for both males and females. The estimate of the relationship between television viewing and BMI was positive but not statistically significant. Consumption of regular carbonated soft drinks (RCSD) and fruit drinks/ades--two beverages widely hypothesized to be positively associated with BMI--were not statistically significant in any of the models. Consumption of diet carbonated soft drinks was very low and was positively associated with BMI for females but not for males. The potential impacts of increasing participation in teams or exercise programs, reducing television viewing, and reducing RCSD consumption on BMI were examined. Increasing participation in teams or exercise programs consistently had the largest impact on reducing predicted BMI. The impact of reducing television viewing had the next largest impact. Reducing consumption of RCSD had the smallest impact. Policies that revitalize physical activity and physical education programs for all students--not just student athletes--and educational efforts that discourage sedentary behavior will be far more successful in combating overweight than an undue focus on beverage consumption.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Effects of altered responsibility, congnitive set, and modeling on physical aggression and deindividuation.

This laboratory investigation using 64 college students as subjects assessed the role of three disinhibiting variables in producing both physical aggression and an internal state of deindividuation. Altered responsibility, congnitive set, and modeling were manipulated in a factorial design, and all three variables significantly increased physical aggression. No interaction produced significant results. The increase due to altered responsibility and varying cognitions supports Zimbardo's theory of deindividuation which relates certain input variables to wild, impulsive behavior. Questionnaire data indicated that the increase in aggression was not accompanied by internal mediational factors such as reduced self-awareness. It appears that disinhibiting forces may produce increases in antisocial behavior without necessarily producing a deindividuated internal state.

Aggression↗
PubMed2004

Transformation of verapamil by Cunninghamella blakesleeana.

A filamentous fungus, Cunninghamella blakesleeana AS 3.153, was used as a microbial model of mammalian metabolism to transform verapamil, a calcium channel antagonist. The metabolites of verapamil were separated and assayed by the liquid chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry method. After 96 h of incubation, nearly 93% of the original drug was metabolized to 23 metabolites. Five major metabolites were isolated by semipreparative high-performance liquid chromatography and were identified by proton nuclear magnetic resonance and electrospray mass spectrometry. Other metabolites were characterized according to their chromatographic behavior and mass spectral data. The major metabolic pathways of verapamil transformation by the fungus were N dealkylation, O demethylation, and sulfate conjugation. The phase I metabolites of verapamil (introduction of a functional group) by C. blakesleeana paralleled those in mammals; therefore, C. blakesleeana could be a useful tool for generating the mammalian phase I metabolites of verapamil.

Biotransformation↗