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At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Uterus-like mass of the small bowel mesentery.

A case of a uterus-like mass arising from the mesentery is reported. A mass measuring 14x11 cm was noted in the small bowel mesentery of a 59-year-old woman. Histologically, the lesion consisted of endometrial-type and fallopian tube-type mucosa surrounded by thick bundles of smooth muscle cells. Since the first report by Cozzutto in 1981, 10 cases of uterus-like mass, that included seven ovarian and three extraovarian cases, have been reported. To our knowledge, the present lesion was the first case originating from the mesenteric region. Three hypotheses of this rare lesion: (i) congenital anomaly; (ii) metaplasia; and (iii) heterotopia theories are reviewed.

Adenomyoma↗
PubMed2000

Peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the small bowel mesentery: a case showing perforation at onset.

A case of peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the small bowel mesentery with an uncommon clinical onset is reported. A 40-year-old man was admitted to hospital because of acute severe abdominal pain. Chest X-ray revealed a free air sign beneath the diaphragm. At emergency surgery a mass measuring 11.0 x 8.0 cm with perforation was located in the jejunal mesenteric region. Histologically the resected lesion consisted of sheets of undifferentiated small round cells forming abortive Homer Wright rosettes. Some spindle-shaped cells showed perivascular pseudorosettes. Immunohistochemical study revealed that the tumor cells expressed positivity against CD99 (MIC2), neuron-specific enolase, synaptophysin and vimentin. To the authors' knowledge this is the first documentation of peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the small bowel mesentery with perforation at onset.

Abdomen, Acute↗
PubMed2000

Dedifferentiated liposarcoma of retroperitoneum and mesentery: varied growth patterns and histological grades--a clinicopathologic study of 32 cases.

The purpose of this study was to obtain further information regarding cellular differentiation and proliferative characteristics of dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDL) arising in the retroperitoneum and mesentery for accurate diagnosis and prognostic criteria. The patients included 20 men and 12 women, mean age, 60 years (range, 33 to 80 years). Twenty-seven tumors were located in the retroperitoneum and 5 in the mesentery. Tumor size ranged from 9 to 51 cm (mean, 24 cm). Follow-up was available on all patients and ranged from 4 to 243 months (mean, 64 months). Twenty-four (75%) patients developed local recurrences, 3 (9%) had distant metastasis, and 16 (50%) died of the disease. The predominant histology of dedifferentiation (DD) included fibrosarcoma or malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) in 15 (47%), myxofibrosarcoma (myxoid MFH) in 5 (16%), mixed type in 10 (31%), and a whorling pattern in 2 (6%). Divergent differentiation, such as osseous, osteosarcomatous, chondrosarcomatous, and leiomyosarcomatous, was observed in 9 (28%). Immunoreactivity for vimentin, desmin, CD34, neurofilament, alpha-smooth muscle actin, p53, and MDM2 was observed in 32 (100%), 14 (44%), 8 (25%), 13 (41%), 14 (44%), 19 (59%), and 18 (56%) of DD areas, respectively. On the basis of a histological grading using MIB-1 (MIB-1 index range, 3% to 80%; mean, 27%) to replace mitosis counts (1 to 35/10 high-power fields [HPF]; mean, 13/10 HPF), 16 tumors each were classified as low-grade (grade 2) and high-grade (grade 3). The mixed type with poorly differentiated areas including scattered lipoblasts could be mistaken for myxoid liposarcoma but lacked the C/EBP-homologous protein-translocated in liposarcomat (CHOP-TLS) fusion genes specific for myxoid liposarcoma. Period to the first recurrence and histological grade using the MIB-1 index were associated with overall survival. Identification of DD areas, especially a poorly recognized variant of the mixed type, careful follow-up to detect early recurrence, and histological malignancy grading combined with proliferation indices are important in providing an accurate prognosis for all patients with retroperitoneal and mesenteric liposarcoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Platelet-derived growth factor-BB accelerates wound closure in a new mesentery culture model without macrophages.

Platelet-derived growth factor-BB has multiple effects in vitro and has been demonstrated to accelerate wound healing in several animal models, but its precise mechanisms of action in vivo have not been fully explained. A rat mesentery culture model was developed, and platelet-derived growth factor-BB (100 ng/ml) was added to the medium containing 2% fetal calf serum for examining its closure effects. The mesentery specimens were stained by routine hematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemical staining for macrophages. A significant improvement in closure rate and complete closure rate was seen when platelet-derived growth factor-BB was added to the medium compared with the controls (p < 0.05). There are significantly fewer macrophages in the in vitro specimen than in the in vivo specimen. In conclusion, platelet-derived growth factor-BB can contribute to wound closure of a mesenteric defect even without macrophages, suggesting a second mechanism in which it can act directly on mesenchymal cells during wound healing. This tissue-culture model is useful for gaining further insights into growth factor interactions and wound healing.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Dopexamine attenuates endotoxin-induced microcirculatory changes in rat mesentery: role of beta2 adrenoceptors.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of dopexamine on endotoxin-induced leukocyte adherence and on vascular permeability in postcapillary venules of rat mesentery. DESIGN: Randomized, controlled trial. SETTING: Experimental laboratory. SUBJECTS: Twenty-seven male Wistar rats, weighing 250 to 350 g. INTERVENTIONS: Rats received one of three treatments: a) infusion of Escherichia coli endotoxin without dopexamine pretreatment; b) infusion of endotoxin with dopexamine pretreatment; or c) infusion of endotoxin after pretreatment with dopexamine and ICI 118,551, a selective beta2-receptor antagonist. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Leukocyte adherence, red blood cell velocity, and vessel diameters in postcapillary venules were evaluated using in vivo videomicroscopy. Vascular permeability was determined by measuring the extravasation of fluorescence-labeled albumin. Venular wall shear rate was calculated from red cell velocity and vessel diameter. Dopexamine attenuated both the increase in leukocyte adherence and vascular permeability during endotoxemia. The attenuating effect on leukocyte adherence could not be antagonized by the beta2-adrenoceptor antagonist. However, the attenuating effect on vascular permeability was antagonized by ICI 118,551. Dopexamine prevented a decrease in venular wall shear rate during endotoxemia. This effect was not influenced by ICI 118,551. CONCLUSIONS: Dopexamine attenuates endotoxin-induced microcirculatory disturbances in rat mesentery. The attenuating effect on vascular permeability is a beta2-adrenoceptor-mediated process, whereas the beta2-adrenoceptor actions of dopexamine play no significant role in attenuating leukocyte adherence.

Adrenergic beta-Agonists↗
PubMed1995

Early diagnosis of small intestine rupture from blunt abdominal trauma using computed tomography: significance of the streaky density within the mesentery.

Enhanced computed tomography (CT) was done in 430 patients within 3 hours after blunt abdominal trauma. Thirteen patients were found to have ruptures of the small intestine. Nine of them had "the streaky density within the mesentery" and the position was identified by tracing the alimentary tract on each CT slice. The sensitivity and specificity of this sign was 69 and 100% respectively. The sensitivity for diagnosis of small intestinal rupture by the presence of this sign and/or free air was 85%. This was significantly higher than that of free air alone (p < 0.05). Eight patients had a rupture on a mesenteric site. Histopathological findings of the area with this sign included bleeding and cellular infiltration along the mesenteric vasculature. This appearance may be related to direct injury and chemical irritation of the mesentery caused by intestinal rupture. The streaky density appears to be a significant finding for small intestinal rupture.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1994

Free vascularized mesentery transfer for closure of wide peritoneal wall defects.

The repair of large abdominal defects can often present problems related to the availability of local tissues adequate for filling the gap without creating high abdominal tension and pressure. The use of a free vascularized mesentery flap for restoration of the abdominal wall, in a case of an infiltrating carcinoid of the right upper and middle abdomen, is reported. After anastomosing the mesentery donor vessels to the deep inferior epigastric artery and vein, the subcutaneous and cutaneous layers were sutured primarily. Closure of the peritoneal cavity by means of vascularized undamaged visceral peritoneum should avoid infection and the formation of adhesions.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1988

Cystic mucinous tumours of the mesentery and retroperitoneum: report of three cases.

A mucinous cystadenoma of the mesentery and two borderline mucinous cystadenocarcinomas of the mesentery and retroperitoneum are reported. The patients were females, aged 38, 47 and 58 years. The cysts showed identical features to those commonly seen in the appendix and ovary. One of our cases, with 'borderline' histology, developed metastases to mediastinal lymph nodes, 4 years after diagnosis. We suggest that these tumours develop through mucinous metaplasia in pre-existing mesothelium-lined cysts, the latter being the commonest cysts in this location.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Time-course and rate of healing after wounding the avascular mesentery in diabetic rats.

The effects of inflicting trauma on the mesentery of diabetic and control rats by perforation with a scalpel were studied with regard to time-course of healing and rate of healing by closure. In this tissue, which is virtually free from blood vessels and nerves, healing precedes vascularization of the wound area. Insulin-deficient rats with streptozotocin diabetes of 4 weeks' duration were used. Non-specific histamine release and cell proliferation (expressed as specific DNA activity) lasting 30 h took place after opening the abdomen and handling the mesentery. Wounding caused further histamine release and cell proliferation. These variables were the same in diabetic and control rats. The time-course of healing was significantly delayed in diabetes, whereas the rate of healing (number of wound closures per day) during the phase of rapid healing was not. Because the rate of healing was normal in diabetic rats the impairment of healing in diabetes can be ascribed to pre-healing reparative events unrelated not only to vascular and neural factors but apparently also to the amount of histamine released and to the cell proliferation elicited by wounding. The delayed healing thus seems to be related to some cellular or metabolic feature of diabetes as yet unknown.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Lymphatic transport and organ uptake of gelatin and hyaluronan injected into the rat mesentery.

The metabolic pathways of denatured collagen (gelatin) and hyaluronan were studied by injecting labelled macromolecules into the mesentery of rats. The label, [125]tyramine-cellobiose is trapped intracellularly after endocytosis, allowing localization of the site of uptake. Mesenteric and thoracic lymph was sampled for 6 h in anaesthetized rats. Separate rats were investigated after an awake period of 6 or 24 h. About 30% of the gelatin remained at the site of injection and of the remaining activity 1.7% was recovered in lymph, 11% in the liver and 15% in the kidneys, whereas 3 h after an intravenous injection of gelatin > 70% was recovered in the liver. The change in preferable site of uptake from the liver to the kidney was attributed to local degradation in the mesentery as confirmed by chromatography of tissue extracts and lymph. Following hyaluronan injection and 6 h lymph sampling approximately 30% was left at the site of injection and of the remaining activity 5.7% was recovered in lymph. After an awake period of 6 or 24 h, 30% was regained in the liver. The recoveries in other organs were negligible and mesenteric lymph nodes seem quantitatively unimportant in the uptake of hyaluronan or gelatin from lymph or blood. The liver has a central role in intestinal hyaluronan metabolism, while denatured collagen is more prone to local degradation with remote uptake shared between the liver and the kidney.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Serous adenocarcinoma of the sigmoid mesentery arising in cystic endosalpingiosis.

This case report describes a Mullerian serous adenocarcinoma arising within a multoloculated cyst lined by ciliated serous-type epithelium located in the sigmoid mesentery. Twenty years previously the patient underwent a hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and omentectomy. The ovaries contained bilateral serous cystadenofibromas, and multiple cysts lined by ciliated serous-type epithelium were present in the omentum. The resection specimen 20 years later contained a 14 cm multiloculated cyst located in the sigmoid mesentery. This was lined largely by benign ciliated serous-type epithelium but a focus of well differentiated serous adenocarcinoma projected into the lumen. Two further peritoneal cysts were present, both of which were lined by ciliated serous-type epithelium. There was a coincidental renal cell carcinoma. This is a unique case of multiple omental, peritoneal, and retroperitoneal cysts (classified as cystic endosalpingiosis), one of which developed a focus of serous adenocarcinoma. Although rarely serous adenocarcinomas, similar to those occurring within the ovary, arise in the retroperitoneum, this is the first reported occurrence in association with a pre-existing benign lesion.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

CT of the mesentery, omentum, and peritoneum in children.

Primary abnormalities of the peritoneum are rare in children. However, there is frequent secondary involvement of the peritoneal cavity and its specialized folds, the mesentery and omentum, in the presence of infectious, neoplastic, and traumatic conditions that originate at other sites in the abdomen or pelvis. Computed tomography (CT) is usually the modality of choice for evaluation of complex abdominal or pelvic pathologic conditions. Peritoneal cavity abnormalities include peritoneal fluid, pneumoperitoneum, and hemoperitoneum; peritoneal abscesses and peritonitis; metastases; and bladder or bowel rupture and solid organ injury. Mesenteric and omental abnormalities include an increase in or infiltration of mesenteric and omental fat; mesenteric lymphadenitis; mid-gut malrotation and bowel herniation; a variety of infections; metastases, lymphoma, and lymphangioma; and mesenteric injury. Knowledge of the spectrum of abnormalities that involve the mesentery, omentum, and peritoneal cavity and the characteristic CT appearances of these abnormalities is essential for improved diagnosis of these conditions.

Child↗
PubMed1987

The peritoneal ligaments and mesenteries: pathways of intraabdominal spread of disease.

The abdomen has been conveniently divided anatomically and clinically into specific intraperitoneal and extraperitoneal sites. A recognition of the pathways of spread and localizing features of infections, malignancies, and traumatic collections has immeasurably extended diagnostic imaging capabilities. Yet, while the abdomen may be visualized as subdivided into compartments, it must also be essentially appreciated that these compartments are an actual or potential interconnecting network. In the upper abdomen peritoneal reflections comprise 11 major ligaments and mesenteries. These are generally readily recognizable on computed tomographic scans by either their typical location and organ relationships or the landmarks provided by their major constituent vessels. These ligaments and mesenteries provide continuity of anatomic planes, which permits the spread of disease between intraperitoneal compartments, between extraperitoneal spaces, and between intraperitoneal and extraperitoneal localized sites.

Gastrointestinal Diseases↗
PubMed1999

Concentration-dependent effects of bradykinin on leukocyte recruitment and venular hemodynamics in rat mesentery.

The results of several recent studies indicate that bradykinin protects tissues against the deleterious effects of ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). However, other studies indicate that bradykinin can act as a proinflammatory agent, inducing P-selectin expression, the formation of chemotactic stimuli, and endothelial barrier disruption. In the present study, we used intravital microscopic techniques to examine the dose-dependent effects of bradykinin on leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions, the formation of platelet-leukocyte aggregates, and venular hemodynamics in rat mesentery in an attempt to explain these divergent findings. Superfusion of the mesentery with low concentrations of bradykinin (</=10(-7) M) increased venular erythrocyte velocity (V(RBC)) without increasing the number of adherent leukocytes, whereas higher concentrations (>/=10(-6) M) decreased V(RBC), increased the number of platelet-leukocyte aggregates, and induced leukocyte adhesion in single postcapillary venules. The formation of platelet-leukocyte aggregates and increased leukocyte adhesion induced by high-dose bradykinin were attenuated by administration of a B(2)-receptor (HOE-140) or a platelet-activating factor (PAF, WEB-2086) antagonist. Thus these adhesive interactions induced by high-dose bradykinin appear to be mediated by a mechanism that is dependent on B(2)-receptor activation and the formation of PAF or PAF-like lipids. The effects of bradykinin on venular V(RBC) and blood flow were also concentration dependent, with low doses producing nitric oxide-mediated vasodilation, whereas high doses decreased V(RBC) by a mechanism that is PAF independent.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Ectopic Cushing' syndrome caused by a neuroendocrine carcinoma of the mesentery.

BACKGROUND: ACTH overproduction within the pituitary gland or ectopically leads to hypercortisolism. Here, we report the first case of Cushing' syndrome caused by an ectopic ACTH-secreting neuroendocrine carcinoma of the mesentery. Moreover, diagnostic procedures and pitfalls associated with ectopic ACTH-secreting tumors are demonstrated and discussed. CASE PRESENTATION: A 41 year-old man presented with clinical features and biochemical tests suggestive of ectopic Cushing's syndrome. First, subtotal thyroidectomy was performed without remission of hypercortisolism, because an octreotide scan showed increased activity in the left thyroid gland and an ultrasound revealed nodules in both thyroid lobes one of which was autonomous. In addition, the patient had a 3 mm hypoenhancing lesion of the neurohypophysis and a 1 cm large adrenal tumor. Surgical removal of the pituitary lesion within the posterior lobe did not improve hypercortisolism and we continued to treat the patient with metyrapone to block cortisol production. At 18-months follow-up from initial presentation, we detected an ACTH-producing neuroendocrine carcinoma of the mesentery by using a combination of octreotide scan, computed tomography scan, and positron emission tomography. Intraoperatively, use of a gamma probe after administration of radiolabeled (111)In-pentetreotide helped identify the mesenteric neuroendocrine tumor. After removal of this carcinoma, the patient improved clinically. Laboratory testing confirmed remission of hypercortisolism. An octreotide scan 7 months after surgery showed normal results. CONCLUSION: This case underscores the diagnostic challenge in identifying an ectopic ACTH-producing tumor and the pluripotency of cells, in this case of mesenteric cells that can start producing and secreting ACTH. It thereby helps elucidate the pathogenesis of neuroendocrine tumors. This case also suggests that patients with ectopic Cushing's syndrome and an octreotide scan positive in atypical locations may benefit from explorative radioguided surgery using (111)In-pentetreotide and a gamma probe.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed2001

Asbestos content of omentum and mesentery in nonoccupationally exposed individuals.

Asbestos fibers in occupationally exposed individuals relocate from the lung to extrapulmonary sites. A mechanism for relocation is via the lymphatic circulation. Indeed, asbestos fibers have been found in lymph nodes as well as pleural plaques. Our laboratory has recently shown that asbestos fibers also reach the mesentery and omentum in the peritoneal area where a small percentage of mesotheliomas occurs in exposed individuals. The present study uses light and analytical transmission electron microscopy for defining the asbestos burden in digested lung, omentum, and mesentery tissues from individuals considered as representing the general population in East Texas. The findings, when compared with previous data from occupationally exposed individuals, indicate extreme contrasts as to the level and types of fiber burden between individuals representing the groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Cellular localization of angiotensinogen gene expression in brown adipose tissue and mesentery: quantification of messenger ribonucleic acid abundance using hybridization in situ.

The cellular localization of angiotensinogen messenger RNA (mRNA) in rat atria, aorta, and mesentery was studied using hybridization in situ. Angiotensinogen mRNA was identified in periatrial and periaortic brown adipocytes and in fibroblast-like cells of periaortic connective tissue and mesentery. Angiotensinogen gene expression in brown adipose tissue was confirmed by both Northern blot analysis and cell-free translation of RNA extracted from brown adipose tissue. For control rats, the level of angiotensinogen mRNA of brown adipose tissue, quantitated by Northern blot analysis, was 5% of the level in liver and showed a 12-fold increase in response to treatment with the combination of dexamethasone, ethynylestradiol, and T3. Comparison of the relative amounts of angiotensinogen mRNA detected by hybridization in situ in liver and brown adipose tissue, with the amounts determined by Northern blot analysis, revealed that hybridization in situ detected mRNA in brown adipose tissue with higher efficiency than in liver. These results suggest a role for angiotensinogen gene expression in brown adipose tissue function. In addition, these studies show that tissue-specific factors may modify the efficiency of detection of tissue mRNA using hybridization in situ.

Adipose Tissue, Brown↗
PubMed1993

Structural organization of the initial lymphatics in the monkey mesentery and intestinal wall as revealed by an enzyme-histochemical method.

The structure and distribution of the initial lymphatics in whole mount preparations of the mesentery and intestinal walls of the Japanese monkey (Macaca fuscata) were studied using an enzyme-histochemical method (Kato et al., 1991, 1993). The lymphatic walls, colored dark brown by their positive 5'-nucleotidase (5'-Nase) activity, were clearly distinguished from the blood vessels (especially capillaries and arterioles) which were colored blue due to their positive alkaline phosphatase activity. The specificity and localization of both enzyme reactions were confirmed by comparative histochemical studies of the same specimen under a light microscope and scanning or transmission electron microscopes. Application of this staining method takes advantages of the overview preparation of flat membranous organs. The mesenterial area was generally lobulated in distribution with collecting lymphatics and blood vessels. At about the center of each lobule enclosed by the vessels, 5'-Nase-positive initial lymphatics assumed tubulo-saccular shapes, branching antler-like figure to form dense networks in the main lymph vascular pathway. Their apical parts revealed marked knob-like blind endings demarcated by a thin endothelial wall. No direct interconnection was recognizable between the lymphatic space and the tissue interstitium as a prelymphatic fluid pathway. In such preparations, 5'-Nase-positive lymphatic islands could be found isolated from the lymphatic network.

5'-Nucleotidase↗