Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Local Government”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

The program implications of administrative relationships between local health departments and state and local government.

A typology of organizational arrangements between state and local public health agencies was used as a framework within which the organizational environment of the local health department was studied for its effects on program development and implementation by local public health departments. Data collected in a national sample of local health officers were used in measuring the effect of four different patterns of administrative relationships on the selected characteristics of local health department programs. Important differences were observed among the four organizational types with regard to constraints on programs and program priorities, and health officers' perceptions of the primary functions of local health departments and sources of local health department funding. These findings were then used as a baseline from which to consider the possible impact of recent federal health budgetary proposals (specifically, block grants) both on existing patterns of intergovernmental relations and on the funding and operation of local health department programs. It was determined that the most likely general development arising from these proposed changes in federal budgetary policy is that the administrative control of state health agencies over those at the local level is likely to be enhanced. Other likely developments include changes in the programs and priorities of local health departments related to reductions in overall funding levels for human services and forced competition for fewer dollars by an enlarged constituency.

Community Health Services↗
PubMed2004

PRISM: mounting a community-randomised trial. Establishing partnerships with local government.

This paper describes initial partnership development in PRISM (Program of Resources, Information and Support for Mothers), a community-randomised trial to improve maternal health in the first year after birth conducted in Victoria in the period 1998--2003. First, we discuss the principles underpinning community recruitment methods in PRISM that guided both our initial approaches to, and our continuing relationships with, communities. Second, we outline the strategies used to recruit communities and to establish the groundwork for ongoing partnerships over the projected six years of the study.

Community Health Services↗
PubMed2003

GASB proposes new standards for financial reporting of postemployment benefits by state and local governments.

GASB has proposed new standards that will affect the way in which governments report postemployment health care benefits in audited external financial statements, resulting in more complete and transparent reporting by employers and plans and more relevant and useful information for the users of governmental financial reports. This article provides an overview of current financial reporting standards and practice, the financial reporting objectives of the project, the proposed measurement approach, noteworthy specific proposals, and the projected timetable for completion of the project and implementation of the new standards.

Documentation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Local government workers' health and safety programs.

Public sector workers are denied the broad legal protections of the Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Act of 1970. The OSH Act provides incentives for states to operate a State OSHA Plan, but they must cover private and non-Federal public sector workers. Public sector workers in states not operating a State OSHA Plan are not protected by the OSH Act. A review of enforcement activities by State OSHA Plans suggests preferential treatment for public employers compared to private. Public sector safety and health programs vary widely in the 27 states without State OSHA Plans. The Department of Labor determined that the majority of these states operate unacceptable programs. Regardless of program type, public sector workersí injuries and illnesses frequently exceed those found in the private sector.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed2002

Integrating mental health into primary health care in Nigeria: management of depression in a local government (district) area as a paradigm.

BACKGROUND: In Nigeria, the primary health care (PHC) manned by non-physician health workers, forms the bedrock of the health care system. And mental health care has not yet been integrated into primary health care system. OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate how the training of primary health care workers in the recognition and management of depression can form an example of systematic integration of mental health into primary health care. METHODS: The training needs and knowledge of 62 primary health care workers were assessed through focus group discussions and structured self-administered questionnaire. A two-day training program on the recognition and management of depression was conducted using an adapted version of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) guidelines for the management of depression in primary health care. The trainees completed a pre and post-training assessments to determine the immediate outcome of the training. RESULTS: Pre-training, the health workers had very poor knowledge of depression. None of the participants could mention any antidepressant. There were significant improvements in knowledge post training, with the greatest gain in knowledge occurring in drug management of depression. General outcome evaluation showed significant increase in knowledge and skills for the recognition and management of depression. CONCLUSIONS: The training increased PHC workers knowledge about the concept, recognition and management of depression. And the methods adopted could be helpful means of integrating mental health into PHC.

Community Health Workers↗
PubMed1990

P.L. 99-252 and the roles of state and local governments in decreasing smokeless tobacco use.

Evaluation of the impact of the Comprehensive Smokeless Tobacco Health Education Act of 1986 (P.L. 99-252) will help determine the level of progress being made to reduce smokeless tobacco use and will help determine changes or new strategies needed to prevent or reduce smokeless tobacco use. Indicators of progress made toward implicit goals and explicit provisions of P.L. 99-252 are proposed as appropriate for local, state, and federal government health agencies to address. Examples of roles that can be played by health agencies relative to implicit goals of the law are drawn from experiences of public health professionals in Ohio and other states. These roles relate to work with the media, research and evaluation, surveillance activity, support for development of materials and implementation of programs, and funding for community educational programs. Indicators to measure impact of explicit provisions of the law focus on provisions specified in the public education section of the law. Proposed indicators involve monitoring the development and availability of programs, materials and media, monitoring research and dissemination of findings, and monitoring technical assistance and grants available. Possible measurement and evaluation strategies are discussed. Survey methodology seems most suitable for monitoring level and type of anti-smokeless tobacco activity in which health agencies engage and for determining awareness of resources available through the law.

Communication↗
PubMed1986

Health promotion in local government: a British experience.

Historically, the development of health promotion work in Britain centred largely upon the activities of elected local authorities. From the mid-nineteenth century onwards, these authorities were primarily responsible both for major interventions in the physical environment, such as improved housing and sanitation, and for the development of community-based preventive and primary care services, such as ante-natal care, health-visiting and district nursing. The importance attached to such work was underlined by the statutory requirement that local authorities should appoint a Medical Officer of Health who could not be dismissed without specific Ministerial approval. Yet in recent decades, this long-standing tradition has been undermined, with both public health doctors and the community health services being displaced from their historical local authority base and placed instead within the the National Health Service, where they are substantially outnumbered by their hospital-based colleagues. As a result, a major political and administrative focus for developing public health approaches has largely disappeared. This loss of a health focus has become a matter of concern to a growing number of local authorities in Britain; a concern which reflects their public health tradition and newer policy issues and approaches which began to affect British local authorities from the late 1970s onwards. This paper considers the example of one such authority, the London Borough of Greenwich, where the author was employed during the early 1980s. In particular, it examines the political and practical problems faced when attempting a systematic review of the authority's role and potential for promoting health through its policies on housing. In the light of this experience, some tentative suggestions are made about the kinds of structures which will be needed if local authorities are to revitalise their public health tradition in a political and economic climate hostile even to existing levels of State intervention.

Government↗
PubMed1999

Linking 1991 population statistics to the 1998 local government geography of Great Britain.

This article describes how 1991 population statistics and other data based on the 1991 Census areas can be produced for the 1998 local authority geography of Great Britain. Since 1991 a large number of boundary changes have taken place rendering comparisons of population data before and after the changes problematic. Re-basing 1991 statistics on the current set of boundaries allows real demographic change over the period since 1991 to be measured. The article focuses on two sets of population statistics: 1991 Census data and mid-1991 estimates.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Monitoring of seasonal variation in the water quality of Ubu river in Ekwusigo and Nnewi local government areas of Anambra State, Nigeria.

Investigation of the water quality of the Ubu river has been carried out. The upstream course of the river is slightly acidic (pH 5.45 +/- 0.23), and the acidity decreases along the lower courses of the river. Turbidity, surfactant, and iron content parameters of the river increased during the wet season, and these changes have been attributed to inputs from flood, leachates of soil erosion, and storm water runoff discharged into the river in increased quantities during the season. Concentrations of some metals were found to increase during the dry season because of absence of dilution of the river by storm water runoff. Most water quality parameters are within World Health Organization acceptable limits set for potable water, and they include most of the cationic and anionic constituents. Although there is no hydrocarbon or metal ion pollution, potability is reduced along the mid to downstream courses of the river by unacceptable levels of turbidity, surfactant concentration, and iron content, particularly during the wet season.

Environmental Monitoring↗
PubMed1991

Homeless youth in Seattle. Planning and policy-making at the local government level.

Young people leave home for many reasons--a push away from problems, a pull toward the independence and seeming excitement of the street. Once on the street they face serious risks to their health and well-being. Homelessness among youths is a concern in Seattle, with as many as 2,000 on the street in a year's time. The service system is overburdened and poorly coordinated. The City of Seattle examined the problem, inadequacies of the service system, and issues affecting its ability to address the needs of homeless youths and their families. This article presents data on the problem, policies proposed to shape the city's response, and progress made in the last 2 years.

Adolescent↗