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PubMed1998

[The effect of quality of life in Behçet disease patients on subjective life satisfaction].

The purpose of this study is to elucidate the relationships between subjective life satisfaction and the following 8 factors of quality of life: physical condition, daily living activities, working condition, economic status, social status, medical status, marriage status, mental status. One hundred and fifty-four male and 116 female Behçet patients in 13 medical facilities were analyzed in this study. Mantel-Haenszel's odds ratio method and stepwise logistic regression analysis were applied to evaluate the influence of quality of life on subjective life satisfaction in Behçet disease patients. Males had higher problem scores than females in the following: physical condition, daily living activities, working condition, economic status, social status, marriage status, mental status. With regard to the effect on subjective life satisfaction, physical condition, daily living activities, working phase, economic phase, social phase, marriage relations, mental phase showed significantly high odds ratio in male, while physical condition, working phase, economic phase, social phase, medical phase, marriage relations, mental phase showed significantly high odds ratios in females by Mantel-Haenzel age-adjusted method. Physical condition, daily living activities, working phase, economic phase, social phase, and mental phase showed significantly high odds ratios in males after adjusting for active disease symptom periods, while physical condition, working phase, economic phase, social phase, medical phase, marriage relations, mental phase showed significantly high odds ratio in females after adjusting for active disease symptom. By stepwise logistic regression analysis, working phase and mental phase in males, economic phase and mental phase in females were shown to be significant. Improvement of quality of life including mental phase and working phase appear to raise the life satisfaction in Behçet's disease patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Factors associated with life satisfaction among a sample of persons with neurotrauma.

Factors were examined that are associated with life satisfaction one year post-discharge for persons with a spinal cord (SCI) or traumatic brain injury (TBI). Findings show persons with SCI or TBI should be considered as two distinct groups with regard to factors affecting life satisfaction. Different strategies might be considered to affect either group. Three psychosocial variables significantly increased life satisfaction for persons with SCI: closeness to family, the level of family activities, and blaming oneself for the injury. For persons with TBI, total family satisfaction, blaming oneself for the injury, being employed, being married, and having memory and bowel independence significantly increased life satisfaction. For persons with TBI, there was a difference in the number of factors affecting life satisfaction dependent on whether the persons blamed themselves or not. Those who do not blame themselves show a greater number of functional activities as indicators for their self-satisfaction.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1988

Life-span differences in life satisfaction, self-concept, and locus of control.

The literature on age differences in life satisfaction, self-concept, and locus of control reveals a variety of conflicting findings. Nehrke et al. reported a study of elderly institutionalized males that attempted to control for some of the possible sources of variability. The present study extended this effort to a noninstitutionalized life-span sample of males and females in six age groups (fourteen to ninety-four). The age main effect was significant for the locus of control measure. For self-concept, the age and sex main effects were significant. For life satisfaction, the age and sex main effects and their interaction were significant. Generally, lower levels of self-concept and life satisfaction and a more external orientation characterized adolescents and young adults while, with notable exceptions, the remaining age samples were more positive in self-concept and life satisfaction and were more internally controlled. Although the three dependent measures were significantly correlated for the total sample, the correlations involving locus of control were only moderate. The data suggest that at least the life satisfaction and self-concept measures may be viable tools to assess the psychological quality of one's life, and that reliable age differences in well-being can be demonstrated if moderating variables are controlled experimentally or statistically.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Lifetime achievement patterns, retirement and life satisfaction of gifted aged women.

The relationship of lifetime achievement patterns and retirement to life satisfaction for gifted aging women was investigated. Participants were 352 women in Terman's study of the gifted who were surveyed in 1977 at a mean age of 66. Lifetime achievement pattern was defined by either homemaker, job, or career work history. Dependent variables included health, happiness, life satisfaction, work attitudes, ambitions and aspirations, and participation in leisure activities. Results showed variations on life satisfaction measures as a function of lifetime career, with job holders generally less satisfied. There was a significant interaction between marital status and work pattern on overall life satisfaction suggesting an additive negative effect on the older woman of loss of spouse and a work history of working for income alone. Activity involvement varied as a function of retirement status and was differentially related to life satisfaction as a function of retirement status and career pattern.

Achievement↗
PubMed1978

A comparison of externality, anxiety, and life satisfaction in two aged populations.

An attempt was made to find the relationship between locus of control, anxiety, and life satisfaction and to assess the impact of environmental factors upon these variables in two distinct elderly populations (20 nursing home residents and 20 active elderly). It was hypothesized that internality would be positively correlated with low anxiety and high life satisfaction and that the active elderly group would score higher on internality and life satisfaction and lower on anxiety than the nursing home group. Assessment instruments included a revision of Rotter's I-E Scale, questions from certain MMPI scales, and a life satisfaction questionnaire. Results showed significant correlations between the three measures of locus control, anxiety, and life satisfaction in the nursing home group but not in the active elderly group. As predicted, the active elderly were more internal (p less than .05), showed higher life satisfaction (p less than .01), and reported less anxiety (p less than .01) than the nursing home group.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Vocational rehabilitation in northern Sweden. III. Aspects of life satisfaction.

Levels of global (1 item) and domain-specific (8 items) life satisfaction were explored at the commencement of vocational rehabilitation and two years later in a consecutive series of subjects who were partly or completely vocationally disabled with a diagnosis of bodily impairment. At the onset of vocational rehabilitation, global life satisfaction (satisfaction with life as a whole) and satisfaction derived from performance- and provider-related (instrumental) domains of life were significantly lower than satisfaction derived from socio-emotional (expressive) facets of life. The eight domain-specific items of life satisfaction described a characteristic three-factor pattern (76% of variance) which resembled quite closely that of non-impaired subjects, one factor being expressive. The other two factors were instrumental and separated recreative from vocational domains of satisfaction. Successful vocational rehabilitation resulted in increases in vocational satisfaction. For those subjects who were successfully rehabilitated, satisfaction with other instrumental aspects of life and with life as a whole also increased. The results indicate that successful vocational rehabilitation leads to increased social well-being.

Persons with Disabilities↗
PubMed1983

Correlates of changes in desired control scores and in life satisfaction scores among elderly persons.

This report describes the correlates of Life Satisfaction and Desired Control among seventy-nine elderly residents, with an average age of seventy-eight, of a partial-support apartment complex. The residents were assessed at three points in time: shortly after moving into the building, six months later, and after a total of eighteen months. Both Life Satisfaction and Desired Control (a measure of the extent to which a person reports control over desired outcomes) are intercorrelated and related to other indices of psychological well-being at all three points in time. Cross-lag correlations also indicate an enduring relationship between Life Satisfaction, Desired Control, Activity, and Rated Vitality. A residual regression analysis employing hierarchical procedures for evaluating significance of added variance yielded only one predictor of changes in Life Satisfaction: an initial measure of psychomotor speed. The residual regression analysis yielded one predictor of changes--[in Desired Control--initial activity level.]

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Determinants of happiness and life satisfaction in elderly Zimbabweans.

OBJECTIVE: To assess determinants of happiness and life satisfaction in elderly Zimbabweans. DESIGN: Community based cross sectional survey. SETTING: Randomly selected villages and two urban areas in north eastern Zimbabwe. SUBJECTS: 278 subjects aged 60 to 92 years (124 male, 154 female). METHOD: One subject per randomly selected household was interviewed, at home, by a trained interviewer to complete a questionnaire. RESULTS: Independent determinants of happiness were: rural residence, whether children gave material support and satisfaction with financial circumstances. [Adjusted odds ratios and confidence intervals 0.25 (0.13 to 0.49), 0.45 (0.22 to 0.94) and 0.11 (0.01 to 0.87) respectively]. Independent determinants of life satisfaction were: feeling better off than their neighbours, receiving adequate respect from their children and satisfaction with financial circumstances. [Adjusted odds ratios and confidence intervals 0.73 (0.59 to 0.91), 0.13 (0.03 to 0.59) and 0.24 (0.1 to 0.61) respectively]. CONCLUSIONS: We have demonstrated that, despite physical hardship, the majority of Zimbabwean elders are happy and 50% are satisfied with their lives and we have identified independent determinants of happiness and life satisfaction in this group. Characterization of these determinants allows us to predict that social changes such as rural/urban migration, declining family support and diminishing respect from children will have a negative effect on happiness and life satisfaction in our elders. It is important that, when planning intervention programmes for the elderly, these facets of wellbeing are not neglected.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Functional impairment, depression, and life satisfaction among older hemodialysis patients and age-matched controls: a prospective study.

OBJECTIVE: To compare change over time in functional impairment, depression, and life satisfaction among older dialysis patients and age-matched controls. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study over 3 years. SETTING: Urban and rural communities throughout Georgia. SUBJECTS: One hundred thirteen prevalent renal failure patients on in-center hemodialysis and 286 controls. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Ordinal functional impairment index and life satisfaction rating, and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. RESULTS: Dialysis patients, compared with controls, reported significantly more functional impairment at baseline, and also at follow-up after adjusting for baseline impairment and covariates. Dialysis patients had higher depression scores at baseline, and also at follow-up after adjusting for baseline depression and covariates. In contrast, dialysis patients reported lower life satisfaction at baseline than did controls, but the two cohorts were not significantly different on reported life satisfaction at follow-up, after adjusting for baseline life satisfaction and race. In both cohorts, functional impairment and depression were significantly related. CONCLUSION: Older dialysis patients' life satisfaction at a 3-year follow-up, which was similar to life satisfaction among age-matched controls, indicates the value of delivered dialysis care; the value of this care would be increased by reducing excess functional impairment in these patients.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Personality and life satisfaction: a facet-level analysis.

At the global level of the Big Five, Extraversion and Neuroticism are the strongest predictors of life satisfaction. However, Extraversion and Neuroticism are multifaceted constructs that combine more specific traits. This article examined the contribution of facets of Extraversion and Neuroticism to life satisfaction in four studies. The depression facet of Neuroticism and the positive emotions/cheerfulness facet of Extraversion were the strongest and most consistent predictors of life satisfaction. These two facets often accounted for more variance in life satisfaction than Neuroticism and Extraversion. The findings suggest that measures of depression and positive emotions/cheerfulness are necessary and sufficient to predict life satisfaction from personality traits. The results also lead to a more refined understanding of the specific personality traits that influence life satisfaction: Depression is more important than anxiety or anger and a cheerful temperament is more important than being active or sociable.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Quality of life, life satisfaction, and spirituality: comparing outcomes between rehabilitation and cancer patients.

OBJECTIVE: To determine differences in quality of life, life satisfaction, and spirituality across different patient groups and to determine what factors may relate to these three outcomes across rehabilitation and cancer patients. DESIGN: Subjects were first stratified by five diagnostic groupings. Patient data were then regrouped for additional analytic purposes into two large cohorts. All subjects completed questionnaires once. Differences in scores and correlations were computed, and regression models were specified. RESULTS: Group differences were found across the quality of life measures used in the study. There were also differences in life satisfaction and spiritual well-being. Spirituality was found to be associated with both quality of life and life satisfaction, although it was not a significant predictor in a multivariate context. CONCLUSIONS: In general, subjects with prostate cancer reported higher scores across all measures. Spirituality showed a strong association with both life satisfaction and quality of life, and it was a significant predictor of life satisfaction among rehabilitation subjects. Factors such as age, marital status, and work status, in addition to specific dimensions of quality of life, such as social functioning and functional well-being, were found to be associated with total quality of life.

Amputation, Surgical↗
PubMed1985

Factor invariance and the Life Satisfaction Index.

This investigation of the Life Satisfaction Index (LSI) supports findings by Hoyt and Creech (1983) that indicate Adams' (1969) proposed factor structure is not invariant across groups. Two reduced factor models, proposed by Hoyt and Creech and based on a subset of LSI items, were studied with our sample (two levels each of income and age, N = 791). Our work confirms that the Hoyt and Creech 8-item LSI reveals the more stable factor structure of those examined. In addition, we found that the 8-item index has adequate statistical power to be of benefit to those investigators looking at quantitative differences in life satisfaction, with reasonable assurance that older and/or higher-income individuals are interpreting the items in similar ways.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

The influence of chronically and temporarily accessible information on life satisfaction judgments.

The authors examined the influence of temporarily and chronically accessible information on life satisfaction judgments. Meta-analyses revealed high retest-reliability of life satisfaction judgments and weak effects of the item order of domain and global satisfaction judgments. Study 1 (N=225) failed to replicate a widely cited finding of strong item-order effects. In Studies 2 (N=100), 3 (N=200), and 4 (N=222), chronically accessible information was a strong predictor of life satisfaction judgments, whereas item order had a relatively small effect. Study 5 (N=651) demonstrated that the results generalize to single item measures and judgments of shorter time periods. The results suggest that life satisfaction judgments are more heavily based on chronically accessible than temporarily accessible information.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Impact of chronic systemic and neurological disorders on disability, depression and life satisfaction.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of a range of chronic systemic and neurological disorders on three life quality indicators: disability, depressive symptoms and life satisfaction. METHODS: As part of the Sydney Older Persons Study, a community survey was carried out with 434 non-demented people aged 75 or over living in Sydney, Australia. Subjects were given a medical examination covering the following disorders: heart disease, chronic lung disease, bone and joint disease, stroke, visual loss, peripheral vascular disease, obesity, other systemic diseases, gait ataxia, gait slowing (including Parkinsonism) and cognitive impairement short of dementia. They were also assessed on a clinician-rated disability scale and given self-report depression and life satisfaction scales. RESULTS: Gait slowing affected all three indicators of life quality. Heart disease and chronic lung disease affected disability and depressive symptoms, but not life satisfaction. These associations were present when the effects of age, sex, education and all other disorders were controlled in multiple regression analyses. However, when disability was also controlled, none of the physical disorders predicted life satisfaction and only heart disease continued to predict depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION: Of the physical disorders considered in the study, gait slowing, heart disease and chronic lung disease had the greatest impact on life quality. These disorders affect depressive symptoms and life satisfaction largely because they increase disability.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

The effect of perceived control over eating on the life satisfaction of women and men: results from a community sample.

OBJECTIVE: To test whether overweight, or perception of lack of control over eating, or both, contributed to the level of life satisfaction for women and men in a random sample of community-dwelling adults. METHOD: This study examined the effects of body mass index (BMI) and perceived control over eating on life satisfaction for women and men in a community-based sample of 1,069 women and 963 men. RESULTS: For women, both lack of perceived eating control and higher BMI were associated with less life satisfaction, and lack of control over eating was the more important predictor. For men, only lack of perceived eating control was associated with less life satisfaction. Furthermore, for both women and men, the contribution of eating control to life satisfaction was unaffected by BMI, that is, the life satisfaction of heavier people was not more affected by perceived control over eating than was the life satisfaction of lighter people. DISCUSSION: These findings suggest that psychological issues related to eating and weight can affect global aspects of well-being.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Physical activity behaviors and perceived life satisfaction among public high school adolescents.

This study explored relationships between perceived life satisfaction and physical activity behaviors in a statewide sample of adolescents in South Carolina (n = 4,758) using the CDC Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) and the Brief Multidimensional Student Life Satisfaction Scale (BMSLSS). Adjusted logistic regression analyses and multivariate models constructed separately revealed significant race by gender results. Not exercising for 20 minutes over the past 7 days (sweating and hard breathing), not performing stretching exercising (past 7 days), not exercising to strengthen or tone muscles (past 7 days), spending < 20 minutes actually exercising or playing sports in PE class, not playing on sport teams run by school, and not playing on sport teams run by outside school organizations were associated (p = .05) with reduced life satisfaction for specific race/gender groups. Results suggest implications for school and community-based physical activity programs. Future research should consider measures of life satisfaction as a component of comprehensive assessments of adolescent physical activity behaviors in fieldwork, research, and program evaluation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Age differences in life satisfaction as a function of discrepancy between real and ideal self concepts.

Six age groups were compared with respect to discrepancy between real and ideal self concepts and the relationship between life satisfaction and discrepancy in self concepts. The subjects, ranging in age from 20 to 75 years, completed two self descriptive adjective rating scales which assessed real and ideal self concept and a life satisfaction index. Significant differences were found among age groups for real and ideal self concepts, life satisfaction, and discrepancy between real and ideal self concept scores. Age was significantly correlated with real and ideal self concept, discrepancy between real and ideal self concepts and life satisfaction. Life satisfaction was significantly correlated with real self concept and discrepancy between real and ideal self concepts. Trends in the data suggested that the younger subjects (20-25 years) had lower real and ideal self ratings and were less satisfied with their lives than the elderly subjects (60-75 years).

Adult↗
PubMed2006

General health mediates the relationship between loneliness, life satisfaction and depression. A study with Malaysian medical students.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the associations between life satisfaction, loneliness, general health and depression among 172 medical students in Malaysia. METHOD: Participants completed a questionnaire battery, which included the 12-item General Health Questionnaire, Beck's Depression Inventory, the Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale and the Satisfaction With Life Scale. RESULTS: Life satisfaction was negatively and significantly correlated with suicidal attitudes, loneliness and depression; and positively with health, which was negatively and significantly correlated with depression and loneliness. Self-concept was negatively correlated with loneliness and depression, depression was positively and significantly correlated with loneliness. Mediational analyses showed that the effects of loneliness and life dissatisfaction on depression were fully mediated by health. CONCLUSION: Even though less satisfied, and particularly lonelier, individuals are more likely to report higher levels of depression, this is only the case because both higher loneliness and life dissatisfaction are associated with poorer health. These results are discussed in terms of their implications for the diagnosis and treatment of mental health disorders in developing nations.

Adolescent↗