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Toxicology and risk assessment information resources for librarians.

Many librarians work with toxicologists and risk assessors seeking information about chemicals and hazardous substances of concern to human health and the environment. Therefore, this article reviews reliable, accurate, readily accessible, and user-friendly sources of toxicological and risk assessment information. A summary and description of pertinent toxicological data, literature, and profile sources is presented. The majority of the resources are available online; however, descriptions of several important print sources are included.

Databases as Topic↗

Development and assessment of specialized liaison librarian services: clinical vs. basic science in a veterinary medicine setting.

In 1998, the University of Florida Health Science Center Libraries (HSCL) developed and implemented a Liaison Librarian Program, dedicated to providing customized, subject-specific services to the faculty, students, clinicians, researchers, staff, and administrators of the six Health Science Center Colleges (Dentistry, Health Professions, Medicine, Nursing, Pharmacy, and Veterinary Medicine). Subject- and role-specific (clinical vs. basic sciences) liaisons were assigned. This paper describes the HSCL liaison program, exemplified by the liaisons' work with the College of Veterinary Medicine. Preliminary program evaluation, a pilot project developed to discern the needs of the veterinary medicine clientele and facilitate awareness of liaison services, and subsequent re-evaluation of patron awareness and satisfaction are also discussed.

Communication↗

Educating generation X and generation Y: teaching tips for librarians.

This article provides a list of helpful teaching tips for instructional librarians who need to meet the changing generational needs of their patrons. Specific generational qualities and attitudes of Generation X and Generation Y are discussed along with educational techniques and software recommendations. These tips are based on the authors' experiences at Drexel University's Hahnemann Library and Thomas Jefferson University's Scott Memorial Library, both of which are academic health sciences libraries.

Adult↗

RSS made easy: a basic guide for librarians.

Really Simple Syndication (RSS) uses extensive markup language (XML) to constantly scan the content of Web sites for updates, which will then be delivered to subscribers' desktops or mobile devices through an RSS feed. RSS helps professionals stay current while reducing workloads. Librarians need to get familiar with RSS to educate their users, to stay current in information technology, and to generate and disseminate selected information to target user groups. doi:10.1300/J115v26n01_04.

Access to Information↗

Consumer health informatics: the medical librarian's role.

Growing consumer interest in health-related information has created a need for professionals to manage, provide, and interpret such material. In preparing for the new demands of the market, HIM professionals can learn from the example of medical librarians, who are already working to meet those needs.

Computer Communication Networks↗

Medical resources on the Internet: the role of the medical librarians.

The usefulness of the Internet to the medical profession is growing rapidly. As the use of the Internet connectivity spreads, accessibility to more medical and biomedical resources is facilitated. This device if properly used can offer, free of charge, a large number of programs in the realm of health sciences. In this article, efforts are made to highlight some of the medical resources on the Internet, as well as review the new roles of medical librarians.

Databases, Bibliographic↗

[Paul Dorveau (July 21, 1851 - January 7 1938), a librarian of the Ecole supérieure de pharmacie de Paris and cofounder of the Société d'histoire de la pharmacie].

Paul Dorveaux was appointed librarian of the Ecole supérieure de pharmacie de Paris in 1884. He was associated to the foundation of the Société d' histoire de la pharmacie in 1913 because of his numerous national and international relations. This physician scholar devoted his life to the study of the medical and pharmaceutical history. Born in Lorraine he published studies on Metz pharmacy history. We owe him publications on the statutes of apothecary communities, pharmacy shops and libraries inventories, apothecaries biographies, new editions of ancient pharmacy books and a host of medical sciences studies. Paul Dorveauz published about 300 books and articles.

Education, Pharmacy↗

Clinical medical librarian impact on patient care: a one-year analysis.

The primary role of the clinical medical librarian (CML)--locating and providing quality-filtered, patient-specific information to physicians--has been questioned recently because of the dramatic rise in end-user searching. This study administered a questionnaire to evaluate the current impact of this service in a major hospital setting with a long established CML program. The study showed that the CML provided house officers with information that affected patient care (defined as diagnosis, diagnostic tests, or treatment) between 40% and 59% of the time. This was true even though most physicians reported they generally researched the question prior to consulting the CML. In addition, the house officers in this study indicated that they distributed the CML-provided information to other health care providers 56%-96% of the time. Based on these limited results, it appears that CMLs can continue to provide information that has a strong impact on patient care, despite the availability of an end-user local MEDLINE system.

Connecticut↗

Clinical medical librarian: the last unicorn?

In the information age of the 1990s, the clinical medical librarian (CML) concept, like many other personalized library services, is often criticized as being too labor-intensive and expensive; others praise its advantages. To determine the attitudes of medical school library directors and clinical department heads toward implementation and feasibility of a CML program, forty randomly selected medical schools were surveyed. A double-blind procedure was used to sample department heads in internal medicine, pediatrics, and surgery, as well as health sciences library directors identified by the Association of Academic Health Sciences Library Directors (AAHSLD) annual statistics. The survey instrument was designed to measure responses to the following attitudinal variables: acceptance and nonacceptance of a CML program; importance to patient care, education, and research; influence on information-seeking patterns of health care professionals; ethical issues; CML extension services; and costs. Seventy-nine usable questionnaires out of a total of 120 (66%) were obtained from clinical medical personnel, and 30 usable questionnaires out of a total of 40 (75%) were obtained from medical school library directors. Survey results indicated significant differences between clinical medical personnel and library personnel regarding attitudes toward CML influence on information-seeking patterns, ethics, alternative CML services, and costs. Survey results also indicated a continuing strong support for CML programs in the medical school setting; however, differences of opinion existed toward defining the role of the CML and determining responsibility for funding.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗

The role of health sciences librarians in the teaching and retention of the knowledge, skills, and attitudes of lifelong learning.

For the past decade, the medical education community has recognized lifelong learning as a desirable educational outcome. Problem-based learning (PBL) appears to foster the requisite knowledge acquisition, skills, and attitudes. This paper briefly summarizes research that found no differences in perceptions of lifelong learning between graduates of PBL curricula and traditional curricula. The paper analyzes the assumptions that suggest such differences should exist and asserts that these assumptions are invalid within the global context of the education process. The paper concludes by suggesting a new way of looking at the teaching and retention of knowledge, skills, and attitudes of lifelong learning and the essential role that health sciences librarians must play in the process.

Clinical Competence↗

Generating MEDLINE search strategies using a librarian knowledge-based system.

We describe a librarian knowledge-based system that generates a search strategy from a query representation based on a user's information need. Together with the natural language parser AQUA, the system functions as a human/computer interface, which translates a user query from free text into a BRS Onsite search formulation, for searching the MEDLINE bibliographic database. In the system, conceptual graphs are used to represent the user's information need. The UMLS Metathesaurus and Semantic Net are used as the key knowledge sources in building the knowledge base.

Artificial Intelligence↗

A medical librarian's progress.

The author describes how four medical librarians influenced his career and his values. Louise Darling, Brad Rogers, Estelle Brodman, and Bernice Hetzner became a professional extended family, each one contributing to different aspects of his career path, socialization to the profession, priorities, and principles of management. The lessons they imparted directly and by example are followed through the development of the author's career. Although the norms of the profession are different today, there remains a place for mentors.

History, 20th Century↗

The lithium librarian. An international index.

Lithium salts are being widely used for treatment and prophylaxis of bipolar affective disorder (manic-depressive psychosis) and are under investigation in more than 30 other illnesses. The relevant literature has grown from 43 articles published between 1949 and 1964 to nearly 4,000 today. A computer-based lithium librarian program has been developed that provides an up-to-date registry of all lithium references, rapid search capability, constant availability, and easy transferability to identical computer systems located on three continents. References provided by the system are more complete, more rapidly available, and less costly than references obtained from other bibliographic services. This specific response to the rapidly expanding lithium literature provides a model for comprehensive aquisition and searching of other specialized subjects areas needed by clinicians and researchers.

Computers↗

Morning report. Role of the clinical librarian.

The educational value of morning report should be enhanced by thorough evaluation of the medical literature. We added a clinical medical librarian (CML) program to our morning report 2 1/2 years ago to provide rapid, complete access to reference material relevant to topics discussed in morning report. MEDLINE searches and references are made available on a same-day basis; cumulative lists of these are provided to the staff and house staff at bimonthly and yearly intervals. All house staff used the CML service to some degree and the majority found it to be of value in making patient care decisions. Since the inception of the CML program, the medical library has noted a more than twofold increase in the number of on-line reference searches and a similar increase in requests for searches by house staff. Patient care decisions have been improved through ready access to current medical literature, and the teaching program has been enhanced by the creation of the CML program as an integral part of morning report.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗

A code of ethics for European health librarians: the points of departure.

Codes of ethics are a classic mark of a profession, and their preparation is an important part of the work expected of a professional organization. EAHIL has recently embarked on drafting a code for European health librarians. This paper explains the background to EAHIL's decision, and reviews existing codes of ethical practice in the fields of both medicine and library and information work.

Codes of Ethics↗

NHS Regional Librarians Group evidence to the Functions and Manpower Review 1993-94. Management of library services in the proposed new structure.

The mission of the library and information service is to ensure that the knowledge base of health care is available and accessible to all providers, purchasers and consumers, and to promote and encourage its effective use. Access should be free at the point of use. Library services should be a national and regional responsibility. The close association with Postgraduate and Continuing Medical and Dental Education should continue. Clear terms of reference for library and information services should guarantee access to these services for all National Health Service (NHS) staff. There should be greater emphasis on quality aspects of information. Information Management and Technology (IM & T) strategy should take full account of the needs of library and information services so that the NHS investment in information networks can be fully realized. Good practice in library and information services should be identified, promoted and disseminated. National Health Service Management Executive (NHS-ME) initiatives which affect the library services of the NHS should be co-ordinated. A working party of users and librarians, working within the Functions and Manpower Review implementation process, should define a structure for the management and provision of NHS library services which gives the most value for money.

Education, Medical, Continuing↗

Genetic information resources: a new field for medical librarians.

The Human Genome Project is generating unprecedented quantities of new genetic information. The new discipline of bioinformatics has created many new molecular biology databanks to store the results of the Human Genome Project. This data is expected to be the information source for biomedical science in the 21st century. As molecular biology research moves out of the laboratory and becomes molecular medicine, a growing number of people need access to genetic information. Medical students, healthcare practitioners and patients need help in finding appropriate information. Medical librarians should know how to search key genetic information resources and should have a basic understanding of the type of information contained in each.

Databases, Bibliographic↗