Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “LATERALITY”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Fine structure of the ordinary lateral line organ. II. The lateral line canal organ of spotted shark, Mustelus manazo.

The lateral line organ of the spotted shark is characterized by its semi-cylindrical shape. Each organ (neuromast) is so closely apposed to the next that the individual neuromasts are almost continuous. The neuromast is composed of receptor cells, supporting cells and mantle cells. The receptor cells bear one kinocilium and up to 40 stereocilia. Bi-directional arrangement of the receptor cells as occurs in teleosts was demonstrated. Afferent and efferent nerve endings were found at the base of the receptor cells. The supporting cells extend from the basal lamina to the free surface. Long microvilli and a cilium-like "ciliary rod" project from the top of each supporting cell. The cell contains relatively few elements of the Golgi apparatus and little rough endoplasmic reticulum, but mitochondria and filaments are abundant. The mantle cell limits the lateral margin of the neuromast. It is distinguished from the supporting cell because of its long crescent-shaped nucleus and scarce, short microvilli. Myelinated nerve fibres are found in the subepithelial connective tissue but not in the epithelium. The fine structure of the shark lateral line organ suggests that this organ is in an intermediated step of evolution between that of lamphrey and teleost.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Combined treatment of a dural arteriovenous malformation of the lateral sinus using transarterial and direct lateral sinus embolisation.

An 80-year-old man presented with a dural arteriovenous malformation (DAVM) involving the left lateral sinus. A carotid angiogram showed the lateral sinus to be occluded proximally and distally, with unusual retrograde venous outflow from the residual sinus to the cortical veins, including a dilated vein of Labbé. Single photon emission computed tomography showed reduced left frontal and temporal cerebral blood flow. We concluded that the risk of bleeding from the DAVM was high and that the patient needed to be treated immediately. However, his age made surgical removal of the DAVM hazardous and we therefore chose to treat him by transarterial and direct lateral sinus embolisation via a burr hole.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

Primary lateral sclerosis: a rare upper-motor-predominant form of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis often accompanied by frontotemporal lobar degeneration with ubiquitinated neuronal inclusions? Report of an autopsy case and a review of the literature.

We report the autopsy findings of an 82-year-old woman who exhibited slowly progressive upper motor neuron signs (pseudobulbar palsy, muscle weakness and positive Babinski's sign) in the absence of lower motor neuron signs, which were followed by progressive dementia and frontotemporal atrophy, and who died 7 years and 4 months after onset of the disease. In this patient, the upper motor neuron system, including the precentral cortex and descending pyramidal tract, was severely degenerated, but the lower motor neurons and innervated skeletal muscles were well preserved. A few lower motor neurons were found to contain cytoplasmic inclusion bodies characteristic of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (i.e., Bunina bodies and ubiquitin-positive skeins). However, fragmentation of the Golgi apparatus was not evident in the anterior horn cells examined. Therefore, it was considered that the lower motor neurons were also involved, but that the rate of degeneration of these neurons was very slow in the disease process. Marked frontotemporal lobar degeneration characterized by microvacuolation, and ubiquitin-positive neuronal inclusions and dystrophic neurites in cortical layer II were also observed, the precentral cortex being the most severely affected area. Similar ubiquitin-positive structures were also observed in the neostriatum. Finally, a survey of the literature based on this patient's clinical and pathological features led us to conclude that the rare clinical syndrome of primary lateral sclerosis is, in general, a rare upper-motor-predominant form of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis that is often accompanied by frontotemporal lobar degeneration with ubiquitinated neuronal inclusions.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Evaluation of frontal radiographs of scoliotic spines--Part II. Relations between lateral deviation, lateral tilt and axial rotation of vertebrae.

The shape of scoliotic spines as measured from frontal radiographs (see Part I of this paper) is analysed with respect to interrelations between lateral deviation, lateral tilt and axial rotation of the vertebrae. These parameters are represented by sinusoidal functions of the longitudinal coordinate. The interrelations can, therefore, be expressed in terms of amplitude and phase relations. Two additional functions--'spinal tilt' and (local) curvature--are calculated from the first and second derivatives of lateral deviation. The method has been applied to three patient groups with different aetiology: 113 patients with idiopathic scoliosis (478 radiographs, partially follow-up examinations), 23 patients with scoliosis secondary to Wilms' tumour irradiation and 18 patients with scoliosis secondary to poliomyelitis. The amplitude and phase relations of all functions reveal a characteristic pattern which is apparently independent of the specific aetiology. The results show that the available biomechanic explanations of coupling of vertebral motions are questionable.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Reflective lateral eye movements: individual styles, cognitive and lateralization effects.

The direction of gaze shifts following verbal and spatial questions was recorded by direct observation in two separate sessions in 80 right-handed Ss. Ocular events were stable over the sessions, and some Ss were classified reliably as lateral, vertical or bidirectional eye movers. No effect for type of question was found in lateral direction either in the general sample or in the bidirectional sample. Verbal questions elicited more downward movements than spatial questions. Less eye movements were found for spatial and for easy questions. These findings suggest a link between ocular motility and cognition independent of the lateralization issue.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Accuracy of the oblique lateral transcranial projection, lateral tomography, and x-ray stereometry in evaluation of mandibular condyle displacement.

Condylar displacement similar to that occurring during and after mandibular ramus osteotomies was simulated in an in vitro study. Three different radiographic methods were used to measure the displacement, and the accuracy of the methods was compared. The stereometric method was more accurate than the plain radiographic methods and permitted measurements in all three dimensions. The oblique lateral transcranial projection was more accurate than lateral tomography, possibly because identification of measurement points in lateral tomography was complicated by the substantial displacement of the condyle.

Craniotomy↗
PubMed2006

'Lateral elbow tendinopathy' is the most appropriate diagnostic term for the condition commonly referred-to as lateral epicondylitis.

A plethora of terms that have been used to describe lateral epicondylitis including tennis elbow (TE), epicondylalgia, tendonitis, tendinosis and tendinopathy. These terms usually have the prefix extensor or lateral elbow. Lateral elbow tendinopathy seems to be the most appropriate term to use in clinical practice because other terms make reference to inappropriate aetiological, anatomical and pathophysiological terms. The correct diagnostic term is important for the right treatment.

Elbow↗
PubMed2005

Visceral nociceptive input to the area of the medullary lateral reticular nucleus ascends in the lateral spinal cord.

In halothane-anesthetized rats, neurons stereotaxically located in the region of the medullary lateral reticular nucleus (LRN) and responsive to urinary bladder distension (UBD) were characterized using extracellular electrodes. Most neurons excited by UBD were also excited by noxious stimuli applied to bilateral receptive fields comprising at least half of the body surface. These bilateral nociceptive specific (bNS) neurons exhibited graded responses to graded intensities of UBD. Neuronal responses to noxious UBD were highly positively correlated with responses to noxious colorectal distension, suggesting a convergence of visceral sensory information in the area of LRN. Bilateral lateral mid-cervical spinal cord lesions virtually abolished activity of bNS neurons evoked by noxious UBD, while dorsal midline lesions had no significant effect. These data support a role for neurons in the region of the LRN in visceral nociception and implicate traditional lateral spinal cord pain pathways in the transmission of visceral information to caudal ventrolateral medullary structures.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Auditory brain stem responses evoked by lateralized clicks: is lateralization extracted in the human brain stem?

The dependence of binaurally evoked auditory brain stem responses and the binaural difference potential on simultaneously presented interaural time and level differences is investigated in order to assess the representation of stimulus lateralization in the brain stem. Auditory brain stem responses to binaural click stimuli with all combinations of three interaural time and three interaural level differences were recorded from 12 subjects and 4 channels. The latency of Jewett wave V is shortest for zero interaural time difference and longest for the trading stimuli. The amplitude of wave V is largest for centrally perceived stimuli, i.e., the diotic and trading stimuli, and smallest for the most laterally perceived stimuli. The latency of the most prominent peak of the binaural difference potential DN1 mainly depends on the interaural time difference. The amplitude of the components of the binaural difference potential, DP1-DN1, depends similarly on stimulus conditions as wave V amplitude in the case of the binaural stimuli: smallest amplitudes are found for the most lateral stimuli and largest amplitudes for central stimuli. The results demonstrate that interaural level and time differences are not processed independently. This supports the hypothesis that directional information in humans is already extracted and represented at the level of the brain stem.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed2000

Comparative blood flow study of arteriovenous fistulae in canine femoral arteries: modified latero-lateral and end-lateral techniques.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the blood flow of an arteriovenous fistula comparing the modified latero-lateral (LLM) and end-lateral (TL) techniques in canine femoral arteries. Ten mongrel dogs were submitted to 2 arteriovenous fistulae each, with a LLM on one side and a TL procedure on the other side. Cranial and caudal average blood flow as well as average venous flow were measured by an electronic fluxometer 15, 20, and 25 min after surgery. Mann-Whitney, Friedman, and Wilcoxon nonparametric tests were used for data analysis (alpha </= 0,05). Femoral artery flow, cranial to the fistula, was increased 5(1/2) times in both groups. In the femoral artery caudal to the fistula, the flow in the majority of the animals was reversed 1.3 times using the TL technique and 2 times using the LLM technique. The average flow in the cranial vein was statistically different with an improved flow of 7.4 times versus 6.8 times for the LLM technique. These results suggest that LLM arteriovenous fistula in dogs leads to a larger venous flow than in the TL arteriovenous fistula and the reverse caudal arterial flow in the latero-lateral technique. The flow behavior (laminar or turbulent) in the 2 types of arteriovenous fistula was studied in terms of singular head loss.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMed1994

Is there a sex difference in human laterality? I. An exhaustive survey of auditory laterality studies from six neuropsychology journals.

The entire contents of six neuropsychology journals (98 volumes, 368 issues) were screened to identify auditory laterality experiments. Of the 352 dichotic and monaural listening experiments identified, 40% provided information about sex differences. Among the 49 experiments that yielded at least one significant effect or interaction involving the sex factor, 11 outcomes met stringent criteria for sex differences in laterality. Of those 11 positive outcomes, 9 supported the hypothesis of greater hemispheric specialization in males than in females. The 9 confirmatory outcomes represent 6.4% of the informative experiments. When less stringent criteria were invoked, 21 outcomes (14.9% of the informative experiments) were found to be consistent with the differential lateralization hypothesis. The overall pattern of results is compatible with a weak population-level sex difference in hemispheric specialization.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Direction selectivity in the middle lateral and lateral (ML and L) visual areas in the California ground squirrel.

Extracellular recordings obtained from the extrastriate cortex of the California ground squirrel, a diurnal sciurid, show that large receptive fields and a strong direction selectivity are present in the middle lateral area (ML) and the lateral area (L), located laterally to V2 and V3. Direction selectivity was tested by presenting stimuli of varying dimensions, shapes and speeds at different locations in the visual field. Most cells in ML and L (84%) were direction selective, with a preference for fast speeds, indicating that these areas share a role in motion processing. Areas ML and L may be homologous to area MT or may represent a case of homoplasia. A directional anisotropy for motion towards the vertical meridian was found in ML and L cells, suggesting that these areas may be involved in detecting predators and other moving objects coming from the periphery, rather than in processing flow fields caused by forward locomotion, for which a centrifugal bias might be expected.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

The lateral calcaneal artery skin flap (the lateral calcaneal artery, lesser saphenous vein, and sural nerve skin flap).

The lateral calcaneal artery skin flap is an axial-pattern flap that can provide skin flap coverage over the exposed calcaneal tendon or os calcis on the posterior or plantar heel. The flap can be designed as a short (8.0 X 4.5 cm in the adult) vertical flap or a long (14.0 X 4.5 cm) flap that curves forward to the base of the fifth metatarsal. Anatomic dissection and Doppler flow studies have been done on healthy volunteers and in patients with severe peripheral vascular disease. There was blood flow in the lateral calcaneal artery in 100 percent of the healthy patients and in 92 percent of those with peripheral vascular disease. Caution must be observed when planning the long version of the flap to be certain that there is adequate arterial flow. We recommend directional Doppler studies in all patients in whom the long version of the flap is planned. When there has been significant lower extremity trauma, an angiogram should be obtained before proceeding with either the short or long version of the flap. When the long lateral calcaneal artery flap is to be used, parallel sides of the flap should be incised and undermined and a vascular clamp should be placed on the distal end of the flap. The intravenous fluorescein test is then performed before determining whether to divide the third side of the flap or to delay it.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

A thalamic terminus of the lateral cervical nucleus: the lateral division of the posterior nuclear group.

The submodality and receptive field properties of single units in the lateral cervical nucleus (LCN) of barbiturate anesthetized cats were studied with glass microelectrodes. In other experiments, a region of the posterior thalamus containing neurons with properties comparable to those seen in the LCN was examined with tungsten microelectrodes. The responses of most units in the LCN reflected a major input from large myelinated afferent fibers innervating guard hairs but no input from Pacinian afferent fibers. The large size of the receptive fields indicated that excitatory input converged selectively from afferent fibers serving hairs over large areas of the body. In the posterior thalamus rapidly adapting neurons characterized by very large receptive fields and driven by the movement of guard hairs were observed to a region identified histologically as the rostral extension of the lateral division of the posterior nuclear group (POl). Caudally this region was located immediately adjacent to the dorsolateral part of the ventroposterior inferior nucleus (VPI). In more rostral parts of the thalamus it was located more dorsally and the ventroposterior lateral nucleus intervened between it and the VPI. This region was less than 1 mm wide in the frontal plane but extended rostrocaudally for several millimeters. Horseradish peroxidase injected into the region of the VPI and the POl labeled many cells in the LCN and the caudal pole of the dorsal column nuclei demonstrating that neurons in the LCN relay information to this part of the thalamus. These data, plus previous experiments showing that the VPI receives a major projection from the caudal poles of the dorsal column nuclei, suggest that the rostral portion of the POl receives an important afferent supply from the LCN. The responses of neurons in the POl appear to arise from specific classes of sensory receptors and cannot be considered less precise or more primitive than responses observed in the ventroposterior nucleus of the thalamus.

Afferent Pathways↗
PubMed1989

The development of lateral-line receptors in Eigenmannia (Teleostei, Gymnotiformes). I. The mechanoreceptive lateral-line system.

The South American weakly electric fish of the genus Eigenmannia were induced to spawn by simulating the conditions of the rainy season. Whole animals were viewed using scanning electron microscopy, and skin from embryos and larvae of different ages was prepared for histological examination. Additional live fish were stained with vital dyes. Neuromasts develop within the epidermis and then rise to the surface, at which time a cupula is forming. The first neuromasts appear on the head, forming the temporal, mechanoreceptive lateral line, at 3.5 days after spawning, and 1 day later neuromasts appear on the trunk as a ventral trunk line. On day 8 all the cephalic neuromasts have appeared and a secondary, medial trunk line begins to form. A dorsal trunk line forms when the fish are juvenile. Eight neuromasts of the cephalic lines, 7 neuromasts of the medial trunk line and all neuromasts of the ventral and dorsal trunk lines remain at the surface and do not become enclosed in canals. The opercular neuromasts and 7 neuromasts of the ventral trunk line degenerate later. The formation of the head canals begins on day 17, whereas the canal of the medial trunk line starts to develop on day 25, and both head and trunk canal systems are completed by day 33. The mechanosensory system develops before the electrosensory system. Behavioral observations also indicate that the mechanoreceptive system is functional as early as day 5.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Fractures of the lateral process of the talus--the value of lateral tomography.

We present three cases of fractures of the lateral process of the talus, where routine anteroposterior and lateral radiographs showed an abnormality but were insufficient to assess the degree of bony injury, which is important for clinical management. Lateral tomography provided good diagnostic and anatomical detail. The diagnosis and treatment of this unusual and often missed fracture is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Lateral femoral sliding osteotomy lateral release in total knee arthroplasty for a fixed valgus deformity.

We treated 13 patients who had a fixed valgus deformity of the knee with a semiconstrained total knee arthroplasty combined with advancement of the lateral collateral ligament by means of a lateral femoral condylar sliding osteotomy. At follow-up of between one and 6.5 years all patients were assessed using the Knee Society score. The mean knee score improved from 32 to 88 and the functional score from 45 to 73. The mean tibiofemoral angle was corrected from 191 degrees to 180 degrees. There was no postoperative tibiofemoral or patellar instability and, in most knees, distal transposition of the lateral femoral condyle achieved satisfactory stable alignment.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

MR imaging of calcification of the lateral collateral ligament of the knee: a rare abnormality and a cause of lateral knee pain.

OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to describe the radiologic appearances of calcification of the lateral collateral ligament (LCL) of the knee in four patients who presented with acute atraumatic lateral knee pain. This rare abnormality has not, to our knowledge, been previously shown on MR imaging. CONCLUSION: Calcification of the LCL of the knee is a rare cause of lateral knee pain and is thought to reflect underlying hydroxyapatite deposition. On MR imaging, calcification of the LCL may be associated with an aggressive appearance that can be mistaken for other knee abnormalities.

Adult↗