SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Karyometry”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

SourceResearch connectionFrom yearThrough year

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

[Chronically administered midazolam does not have neurodegenerative effects].

The effects of midazolam on the dorso- and ventromedial nuclei of the hypothalamus, administered during 120 days via gastric intubation, was studied in two groups of Wistar rats. The rats (50) of one of the groups were 2 months old, and those of the other (50) 24 months, 20 rats of both groups received 1 mg/kg of midazolam, and the other 20, 3 mg/kg As controls 20 rats of the same strain and age (10 for each group) received only saline. Neuronal count and karyometry did not revealed significant differences between controls and experimental rats. Only the group of old rats showed a slight increase in the number of dark neurons, with a decrease in the karyometric index.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1975

[Functional state of the human adrenals according to morphological analysis data and some remarks on the method of studying them].

When studying the morphology of the adrenals sufficiently exact criteria for their evaluation are necessary. Some of them may be obtained from complex macro- and microscopical investigations with the use of biometry and mathematical statistics. The work analyzes macroscopical (weight, volume, specific gravity) and microscopical (qualitative -- plethora, content of lipids, foci of cytolysis, mosaity etc. and quantitative -- absolute and relative dimensions of zones, cyto- and karyometry, interrelationship of zones, their relationship with KNP as a whole) data. On their grounds the estimation of the functional state of the adrenal cortex is made depending on the mechanism and causes of death as well as on duration of the disease.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2000

Validation of nuclear texture, density, morphometry and tissue syntactic structure analysis as prognosticators of cervical carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the performance of karyometry and histometry in the prediction of survival, recurrence and response of early-stage invasive cervical carcinoma. STUDY DESIGN: Nuclear morphometry, chromatin texture and tissue architecture (characterized by syntactic structure analysis) were measured using a semiautomated image analysis system on 46 cases of Feulgen-stained tissue sections. The performance of the features was compared to that of clinical features, reported to be the best prognosticators until now, such as age, lympho-vascular permeation, histologic type, stage and grade. A K nearest neighbor classifier was used for classification. RESULTS: In the prediction of three-year survival, recurrence and response, syntactic structure analysis proved to be the best performer. Classification rates were, respectively, 100%, 94.4% and 94.5%. In all classifications, karyometric and histometric features outperformed clinical features. In general, the best performing features described differences in second-order population statistics (standard deviations). CONCLUSION: The results show that a quantitative analysis based on nuclear morphology, chromatin texture and histology can be considered an excellent aid in the prognosis of invasive cervical carcinoma. The measurements are not hampered by the need to undertake complete resections and are suited to daily practice when implemented in a semiautomated image analysis system.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

Current bladder tumor tests: does their projected utility fulfill clinical necessity?

PURPOSE: We reviewed currently available bladder cancer tests in the context of the clinical expectations of a noninvasive bladder cancer test. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed the literature on bladder cancer tests that are commercially available or have shown clinical usefulness and examined how each test compares with standard methods of bladder cancer diagnosis. RESULTS: The clinical necessity for a noninvasive test for bladder cancer is 2-fold, including the early detection of high grade bladder tumors before muscle invasion and monitoring tumor recurrence or new onset. An ideal noninvasive test should be sensitive, specific, rapid, technically simple and have low intra-assay and interassay variability. Urine cytology has high specificity but limited applicability due to its relatively low sensitivity and subjective nature. Hematuria detection by Hemastix dipstick is sensitive but not specific for detecting bladder cancer. Molecules associated with bladder tumor growth and progression may serve as a basis for designing noninvasive diagnostic tests. The Food and Drug Administration approved BTA Stat and BTA TRAK tests, which detect human complement factor H and a related protein in urine, have 60% to 80% sensitivity and 50% to 70% specificity (lower in symptomatic patients) for bladder cancer. The Food and Drug Administration approved NMP22 test, which measures the level of nuclear mitotic apparatus protein in urine, has 50% to 100% sensitivity and 60% to 90% specificity. Accu-Dx detects fibrin degradation products, fibrin and fibrinogen in urine, although this test is no longer commercially available. The Immunocyt test combines cytology with an immunofluorescence technique to improve the sensitivity of cytology for detecting low grade tumors. The telomeric repeat amplification protocol assay for telomerase in exfoliated cells has 70% to 86% sensitivity and 60% to 90% specificity for bladder cancer. However, the low stability of telomerase in urine affects its sensitivity. The hyaluronic acid and hyaluronidase (HA-HAase) test, which measures the urinary level of hyaluronic acid and hyaluronidase, has 90% to 92% sensitivity and 80% to 84% specificity for bladder cancer. Quanticyt karyometry evaluates nuclear shape and DNA content of exfoliated cells to detect bladder cancer. The list of bladder tumor markers is growing rapidly and large multicenter trials are essential to assess their usefulness. CONCLUSIONS: Although currently noninvasive bladder cancer tests cannot replace cystoscopy, some have shown a promise of being clinically useful. One or a combination of these tests-markers may prove to be a prostate specific antigen for bladder cancer provided that patients and, more importantly, clinicians accept it.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗

PubMedDate not supplied

On the nucleolar size and density in human early granulocytic progenitors, myeloblasts.

Human myeloblasts were studied in bone marrow of patients suffering from chronic phase of chronic myeloid leukaemia to provide more information on the nucleolar diameter in these early granulocytic progenitors. These cells are a convenient model for such study since the number of myeloblasts in diagnostic bone marrow smears of investigated patients is larger than in not-leukemic persons because of the increased granulopoiesis. The nucleolar diameter was measured in myeloblasts after various cytochemical procedures such as methods for visualisation of RNA, DNA and proteins of AgNORs using digitized images and image processing. The results clearly demonstrated that values of the nucleolar diameter depended on the procedures used for visualising nucleoli. It seems to be also clear that a close relationship exists between the diameter of nucleoli and their number since the larger the number of nucleoli per cell the smaller their mean size. However, one of multiple nucleoli present in the nucleus is usually significantly larger. Moreover, the possibility exists that the variability of nucleolar diameter of leukemic myeloblasts and thus the heterogeneity of these cells might depend on various stages of the cell cycle as supported by nucleolar measurements on aging leukemic myeloblasts (K 562 cells) in vitro. Since the staining density of small and large nucleoli did not differ substantially after staining for RNA, it seems to be likely that the nucleolar size is directly related to the total RNA content in myeloblasts. In addition, karyometry combined with RNA cytochemistry still appears to be an useful tool to study nucleoli at the single cell level.

Cell Nucleolus↗

PubMed1990

Quantitative analysis of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia on tissue sections.

The changes in nuclear morphology (karyometry) and DNA content in prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) were analyzed on tissue sections. The cases of PIN were subdivided into PIN 1 and PIN 2 based on the degree of proliferation and the anaplasia of the secretory cells lining the ducts and acini. Cases of nodular hyperplasia (NH) and adenocarcinoma were also studied for comparative purposes. Karyometric analysis showed a progression of most values from NH to PIN to carcinoma. The DNA analysis showed a decrease in the frequency of nuclei in the diploid range and an increase in the percentage of nuclei in the other ploidy regions (especially between 2c and 4c and in the tetraploid range) from NH to PIN to carcinoma. Forward stepwise discriminant analysis showed similarities between NH and PIN 1 and between PIN 2 and carcinoma. These findings suggest that the evolution towards adenocarcinoma is characterized by progressive morphologic derangements of the nuclei and by the transformation of the diploid DNA content into a nondiploid one, with the changes taking place at the level of PIN 2.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed2006

Carcinogenesis and the hypothesis of phylogenetic reversion.

Chemoprevention must target early molecular events involved in malignant transformation. The sequence of events leading from a normally functioning interphase cell to an uncontrolled tumor cell is only partially understood, impeding systematic design of chemopreventive agents. The respective roles of mutagenic and epigenetic mechanisms have not been definitively established. Also, traditional models do not appear to incorporate cellular response to events leading to carcinogenesis. A perspective on system response offered by complexity science elucidates the roles of feedback and control in maintaining functional stability during carcinogenesis. Carcinogenesis is seen as a process of epigenetic redifferentiation resulting in a cell behaving like an archetypal karyocyte free of growth restraints (phylogenetic reversion). Genes that evolved during the development of multicellular organisms, restraining uncontrolled growth and regulating intercell communication may be systematically silenced during carcinogenesis. The formation of heterochromatin, which results in epigenetic silencing by hypermethylation in CpG-dense islands, finds expression in the nuclear chromatin pattern. Karyometry is an integrating biomarker of chromatin pattern information that accommodates the possibility of multiple, differently ordered pathways and provides exquisite sensitivity, allowing detection of very early transformation events. Its use can monitor the impact of chemopreventive agents on the earliest events in progression to cancer.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

[Use of lithium carbonate as a leukocyte stimulant in acute radiation sickness in humans].

A total of 50 patients, who had suffered from acute radiation sickness (I-III degree of severity) as a result of the accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant, were followed up for hematological changes. The absorbed dose of relatively even gamma-irradiation assessed by karyometry fluctuated from 0.5 to 5.7 Gy. In 17 of the patients the influence of lithium carbonate on the course of radiation neutropenia was evaluated. No appreciable effect of the agent administration in a dose of 900 mg/patient/day was recorder from 9 to 42 day after irradiation. The authors have also considered the correlations of the values of irradiation doses calculated by varying methods of biological dosimetry.

Accidents↗

PubMed1987

Quantitation of estrogen receptor content and Ki-67 staining in breast carcinoma by the microTICAS image analysis system.

The microTICAS image analysis system, originally designed for karyometry using Papanicolaou-stained or Feulgen-stained smears and tissue sections, has been adapted to assess tissue sections stained by immunohistochemical techniques. This system was used to quantitate growth fractions and the estrogen receptor (ER) content of breast carcinomas stained by immunoperoxidase techniques. The results were similar to those obtained with nonautomated methods of quantitating immunohistochemically stained tissue sections and, in the case of ER content, were similar to the results obtained with cytosol estrogen binding methods. The findings show that the microTICAS system provides an objective alternative to visual counting of labeled cells in tissue sections stained for growth fraction or for ER content by immunohistochemical methods.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗

PubMed1977

Changes in the activity of the ependyma in the infundibular recess of the brain of Rana esculenta L. in the annual cycle.

Volume of the cell nuclei of the ependyma of the infundibular recess was measured in 30 female and 30 male water frogs (Rana esculenta L.) obtained from their natural environment, taking into account the phase of the annual cycle. Karyometry of the ependymal cell nuclei in the infundibular recess in males and females showed statistically significant differences of volume (activity) in the annual cycle. The largest volume of nuclei of the ependymal cells in females and males was observed in the first decade of April (end of hibernation), and the smallest in the first decade of September (end of the period of active life). Activity of nuclei of cells from the infundibular recess clearly correlated with gonadal development.

Activity Cycles↗

PubMed1988

[Zones of sex dimorphism in the basolateral structures of the amygdaloid complex].

With the aim to reveal zones of sex dimorphism by means of the karyometry method, 25 zones of the basolateral structures have been investigated in the amygdaloid complex. Mature rats (15 males and 10 females) are decapitated, the brain is fixed in 10% neutral formalin, paraffin slices are stained with hematoxylin-eosin and with cresyl violet. A complete idea on topography of the sex dimorphism zones on the territory of the basolateral structures of the amygdaloid complex is given. The zones mentioned are localized predominantly in the posterior part of the amygdaloid complex, making composition of the basolateral and dorsal endopiriform nuclei.

Amygdala↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of adrenal function on breast development in the female].

Adrenal and mammary glands were investigated postmortem in 186 young or mature girls as well as in nulliparous women who suddenly died from injuries. The levels of mammary gland development was assessed with regard to their mass, the percentage of fibrous tissue and with regard to mathematically processed cartographic data on sectional histo-topography. Cytometry and karyometry of glomerular and reticulo-fascicular zones of adrenal glands were performed. A total estimation of adrenal glands activity was determined by a cumulative morphofunctional index. Morphofunctional relationship of adrenal and mammary glands was studied in females aged 8-25. The study revealed that accelerated development of mammary glands in 12-16-year-old persons was accompanied by increased activity of adrenal cortex while in those aged 22-25 it was followed by the enlargement of adrenal gland mass and size of fasciculo-reticular zone without any essential alterations of other morphofunctional parameters.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1985

[Reaction of neurons of the basolateral group of nuclei of the amygdaloid complex to gonadectomy in the rat].

By means of the karyometry method 26 zones in the basolateral group of the amygdaloid complex (AC) nuclei in rats have been studied 1 month after castration. All the main parameters characterizing distribution of the neuronal nuclei volume logs in the zones studied have been calculated. In males two regions have been revealed, in which certain reaction of the cellular neuronal nuclei to the experimentally produced deficit of sex hormones in the organism is felt. One of them is situated in the AC anterior part and includes all the nuclei of the basolateral group, the second is situated in the posterior part, occupies a rather vast area and is formed at the expense of all the nuclei of the basolateral group and adjoining structures (the dorsal endopiriform nucleus and piriform cortex). In females there is one region responding to gonadectomy, which is mainly formed at the expense of central and posterior parts of the basolateral nucleus. Basing on the lack of the structural-functional uniqueness revealed in different parts of the cortico-medial and basolateral groups of the AC nuclei, it is suggested to distinguish anterior, central and posterior parts in their composition.

Amygdala↗

PubMed1979

Effect of hypervitaminosis A on tongue muscles of the rat. A morphometric study.

Daily administration of 200 I.U. vitamin A/gram body weight to rats, for a period of 10 days, causes generalized hypertrophy of the tongue muscles. The data were confirmed with morphometric techniques, consisting of increased cytoplasm and decreased nuclei and empty spaces, obtained by the Chalkley technique, nuclei of similar volume, obtained with the use of karyometry, and larger areas of cross-sections of muscle fibers.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of chronic alcoholic intoxication on the circadian rhythm of the hypothalamic neurosecretory centers in rats].

Experiments were conducted on male rats; by means of quantitative cytochemical analysis and karyometry circadian rhythm of the hypothalamo-hypophysial neurosecretory system function was studied. In the evening (9--10 p.m.) the intensity of the synthesis, transport, and neurosecretion showed a significant elevation in comparison with the day (3--4 p.m.). Neurosecretory process was suppressed and the circadian rhythm of the hypothalamic neurosecretory system activity was disturbed in rats given a 5% ethanol solution as the only source of fluid for 2 months. As suggested, damage of an important biorhythm synchronizer (the neurosecretory centers of the hypothalamus) could play an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic alcoholism.

Alcoholism↗

PubMed1980

The microscopical structure and quantitative changes of pituitary cell populations in frogs (Rana esculenta L.) irradiated by ultraviolet light.

The percentage of cell populations of hypophysis pars distalis, their ultrastructure, degranulation phenomena and volume of cell nuclei easured by karyometry was examined in frogs, Rana esculenta L. irradiated by UV light. The observed changes, reflecting alterations of the secretory activity were most prominent in B2 cells producing gonadotropic hormones and in B3 cells probably responsible for the secretion of ACTH. A concomitant increase of the number of chromophobic cells was observed. The obtained results are discussed in relation to data from the existing literature.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗

PubMed1978

CNS--endocrine pancreas system. III. Further studies on the vagal responsiveness to insulin deficiency.

Distribution and activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the neurons of the central vagal nuclei at the level of the medulla oblongata were studied in intact and alloxan-diabetic adult male rats by Gomori's histochemical method. Peculiarities of intracellular distribution of the enzyme in the Nucl. dorsalis n. vagi (ND) and Nucl. ambiguus n. vagi (NA) of intact animals were demonstrated. Changes in the ratio of cholinergic neurons with moderate and strongly-positive AChE staining reactions were revealed in the ND of alloxan-diabetic rats. The dynamics of the changes attested to increased AChE activity of these neurons in response to insulin deficiency. The data obtained are additional evidence for the responsiveness of ND neurons to insulin deficiency, which was demonstrated earlier in alloxan-diabetic rats by karyometry (Akmayev and Rabkina, 1976 b). It is suggested that changes in the plasma glucose or insulin levels may be the stimulus that influences the activity of the ND cholinergic neurons. By means of this mechanism the central vagal nucleus at the medulla oblongata level may be implicated in the feedback control of insulin secretion.

Acetylcholinesterase↗

PubMed1978

[Hormones and differentiation of retinal ganglion cells during embryogenesis of mice of the mutant line ocular retardation (karyometric study)].

Hormonal effects on differentiation of neuroblasts forming the ganglionic zone have been studied in hereditary damaged ocular retina of mice from the mutant line "ocular retardation" (or). By the method of karyometry, it has been demonstrated that injection of cortisone, triiodethyronine and somatotropic hormone on the 8--9--10th, as well as on the 11--12--13--14th or on the 9--10--11--13--14th days of gestation produce statistically significant volumetric decrease or increase of the ganglionic cell nuclei in the retina of 15-day-old embryos or/or. The data obtained and those from the literature suggest that the hormones mentioned above, depending on the dose and prenatal stage in the or/or mice, increase or decrease the inhibiting effects of the mutant gene or on the differentiation of ganglionic cells of the ocular retina in embryos.

Animals↗