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At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Cortactin promotes cell motility by enhancing lamellipodial persistence.

BACKGROUND: Lamellipodial protrusion, which is the first step in cell movement, is driven by actin assembly and requires activity of the Arp2/3 actin-nucleating complex. However, it is unclear how actin assembly is dynamically regulated to support effective cell migration. RESULTS: Cells deficient in cortactin have impaired cell migration and invasion. Kymography analyses of live-cell imaging studies demonstrate that cortactin-knockdown cells have a selective defect in the persistence of lamellipodial protrusions. The motility and protrusion defects are fully rescued by cortactin molecules, provided both the Arp2/3 complex and F-actin binding sites are intact. Consistent with this requirement for simultaneous contacts with Arp2/3 and F-actin, cortactin is recruited by Arp2/3 complex to lamellipodia and binds with a higher affinity to ATP/ADP-Pi-F-actin than to ADP-F-actin. In situ labeling of lamellipodia revealed that the relative levels of free barbed ends of actin filaments are reduced by over 30% in the cortactin-knockdown cells; however, there is no change in Arp2/3-complex localization to lamellipodia. Cortactin-knockdown cells also have a selective defect in the assembly of new adhesions in protrusions, as assessed by analysis of GFP-paxillin dynamics in living cells. CONCLUSIONS: Cortactin enhances lamellipodial persistence, at least in part through regulation of Arp2/3 complex. The presence of cortactin also enhances the rate of new adhesion formation in lamellipodia. In vivo, these functions may be important during directed cell motility.

Actin-Related Protein 2↗
PubMed2006

Mucosal wave: a normophonic study across visualization techniques.

Visualization of vocal fold vibration is essential for accurate diagnoses and optimal treatment of persons with voice disorders. Recently, scientific and anecdotal reports have evidenced an increased amount of variation in the diagnostically relevant features of extent and symmetry of mucosal wave magnitude in normophonic speakers. The objectives of this study were to preliminarily ascertain the variation in mucosal wave magnitude and symmetry for normophonic speakers as assessed via standard and novel techniques, and compare findings across modal and pressed phonations. A correlational design with a multiple baseline across visualization methods approach was used. Mucosal wave presence, magnitude, and symmetry from 52 normophonic speakers were judged via stroboscopy, high-speed videoendoscopy (HSV) playback, mucosal wave playback, and mucosal wave kymography playback. Results demonstrate a prevalence of atypical magnitude and symmetry of mucosal wave during modal and pressed phonations by normophonic persons, differences across techniques, and a relationship between judgments and habitual fundamental frequency. Given the prevalence of mucosal wave magnitude and symmetry variations in the normophonic population, overdiagnosis may be possible without caution. The various visualization techniques provided unique information suggesting that it may be beneficial to use both full view and kymographic visualization techniques in combination. A major restriction of the current commercial HSV systems is the frame rate, typically limited to 2000 frames per second, which appears insufficient for most female habitual phonations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

[Camera-cinematography of the heart (author's transl)].

By "camera-cinematography" of the heart, we mean an isotope method which permits detailed observation of cardiac mechanics without the use of a catheter. All that is necessary is an intravenous injection of 10 to 15 mCi 99mTc human serum albumen followed after ten minutes by a five to ten minute period of observation with a scintilation camera. At this time the isotope has become distributed in the blood. Variations in the precordial impulses correspond with intra-cardiac changes of blood volume during a cardiac cycle. Analysis of the R-wave provides adequate information of cyclical volume changes in limited portions of the heart. This is achieved by a monitor with a pseudo-3-dimensional display; contraction and relaxation of the myocardium can be shown for any chosen longitudinal or horizontal diameter of the heart. Our programme allows simultaneous presentation of the movement of any point on the myocardium as a time-activity curve. The method is recommended as an addition to chest radiography, heart screening or cardiac kymography before carrying out cardiac catheterisation.

Cardiac Output↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Myocardial wall motion evaluation using amplitude frequency spectral analysis.

Frequency spectral analysis of cardiac wall motion as calculated from the recorded video kymogram are demonstrated. Characteristic harmonics following the fundamental frequency of the cardiac rate have been demonstrated to have an alternating sequential energy distribution as measured from the free margin of the left ventricle of humans. The characteristic patterns occur in approximately 80% of the 50 patients evaluated. The correlation of these harmonics with physiologic events is not yet complete. Amplitude frequency spectral analysis offers an objective method for analysis of cardiac kymography not otherwise possible.

Adult↗
PubMed1970

The action of sennosides and related compounds on human colon and rectum.

The direct action of intraluminal senna and related compounds on the human colon and rectum has been investigated. Motility was recorded by balloon kymography with recording units inserted into well established transverse colostomies or into the rectum. The motility of the colon was not changed by intraluminal senna glycosides but the introduction of senna previously incubated with faeces or Esch. coli stimulated the colon to peristalt. The peristalsis was similar to that stimulated by rheinanthrone, an oxanthrone produced by chemical hydrolysis and reduction of senna. Both activated senna and rheinanthrone appeared to act in the colon by contact stimulation. No peristaltic response was stimulated in the rectum, either with activated senna or with rheinanthrone.

Anthraquinones↗
PubMed1975

[Electrokymographic diagnosis of myocardial infarct].

Thirty six patients with myocardial infarction were examined electrokymographically. The parodoxical movements with diastolic collapse, established in 25 of the patients, might be pointed as important features as well as symptomes that aid the diagnostics, being without a pathognomonic significance--considerable decrease of the curve amplitude without or with parodoxical movements and considerable elongation of the latent time in 8 patient. The electrokymographic curve, though rarely, is more indicative than the electrocardiogram. The electrokymographic method surpasses in every respect the diagnostic potentialities of the kymography.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[Roentgen kymographic investigations of gastric peristalsis after intravenous injection of caerulein].

Caerulein is a decapeptide which combines the effects of gastrin and cholecystokinin-pancreozymin. It was injected intravenously in doses of 10 to 40 nanoponds caerulein per kilopond bodyweight in 37 patients and roentgen kymography of the stomach carried out before and after the injection. In 89% of the 36 cases which could be evaluated, it increased antral peristalsis. Amplitude and frequency were increased and the periodicity decreased correspondingly. The effect was more marked than that of pentogastrin, presumably because caerulein dose not affect duodenal acidity. The changes in motility therefore correspond with those produced by serotonin and cholecystokinin-pancreoxymin. Control examinations carried out under identical conditions, but without caerulein, showed no change in antral peristalsis.

Ceruletide↗
PubMed1979

[Enlargement of the lower mediastinum: pericardiac or extracardiac origin? (author's transl)].

The radiographic findings in 9 patients who suffered from a non-myocardiac enlargement of the lower anterior mediastinum are discussed. By means of several diagnostic procedures consisting of radiography, fluoroscopy, roentgen-kymography, angiocardiography and needle-biopsy under visible control it is often possible to distinguish between primary pericardiac lesions and growths of the mediastinum lying in close contact to the heart. In most cases, however, final histological diagnosis will only be reached by thoracotomy with removement of the tumor.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Persistent infarct signs--obligate symptoms of heart wall aneurysm?].

Out of 19 cases the ECG of which on an average during 6.1 years demonstrated persisting signs of an infarction at stage I in 13 cases a comparison between clinical and ECG findings X-ray kymography and scintigraphy of the ventricle was possible. In 7 cases a congruence of the results was found. With regard to the differing findings on account of the clinical treatment, the ECG and the ejection fraction the greater diagnostic valency must be ascribed to the Tc-scintigraphy.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Initial clinical experiences with the fast digital picture of roentgen transmission profiles in the human (the chronogram)].

By means of suitable hardware and software changes it becomes possible to obtain transmission profiles of high time resolution (up to 50 profiles/sec) with the help of a CT device which is suitable for the recording of digital radiographs, in one transversal body layer. In this manner, it becomes possible to measure changes in the density profile from 6 up to 50 sec and to analyse them. This method called "Chronogram", enables high-resolution recording of density changes, similar to kymography. The possibilities of using contrast media are demonstrated by means of phantom measurements, and initial clinical experiences are outlined on the basis of practical examples.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1978

Effect of substance P on mechanical and myoelectrical activities of stomach and small intestines in conscious dog.

The effect of Substance P (SP) on the intestine in situ of the dog was investigated. Five female dogs were used. At the same time, mechanographic recordings, using balloon kymography, were taken, while the myoelectric activity was recorded by means of electrography. Differences in SP action on the mechanogram and electromyogram of the stomach and the small intestines were reflected in the following phenomena: (a) SP in the doses used was less active on the ileum than on the stomach; (b) SP increased basal tonus but inhibited peristaltic contraction; (c) SP acted predominantly on spike discharges in the electromyogram. These results are likely to support the assumption that SP acts as a physiological modulator of smooth muscle activity.

Animals↗